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Nikolai A. Nekrasov (182 1- 1877) is a Russian poet. ◆182110 was born in an officer's family in Podolsk province, Ukraine, and spent his childhood in the manor of Greshinevo village in Yaroslavl province. ◆ 1838, sent to Petersburg Military Academy. He went against his father's orders to be an auditor at Petersburg University, lost his financial support and began a long-term poor life. The first book of poetry, Fantasy and Sound, was published in 1840. Most of them were imitations and were criticized. Later, they gave up writing poetry. 184 1 year, I met belinsky and embarked on the road of revolutionary democracy and "real poet". 1845 wrote "The Corner of Petersburg" and "On the Road", which were predicted by belinsky as people who would have an impact on literature. 1847, took over Modern People magazine, and cooperated with Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov in editing in 1950s. Modern Man was later edited by belinsky, Necrasov, Chernyshevski, Dobro Lyubov, etc. Until the 1960s, it not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became the mouthpiece of Russian progressives. In the 1940s and 1950s, he wrote Secrets (1847), Untrained Fields (1854), Forgotten Villages (1855) and Poets and Citizens (1856). In the 1960s, he began to write long poems reflecting real life, and published three long poems with rural themes, namely, The Vendor (186 1), Railway and Cold Red Nose (1864), which showed the sadness and resentment of bankrupt farmers. Poems such as "In Memory of Dube Rovnov" and "Grandfather" respectively shaped the images of civilian intellectuals and expressed their reverence for the ancestors of December Party members. Russian Woman, published in 1872- 1873, is a narrative poem that eulogizes the noble morality and self-sacrifice spirit of The Decemberists's wife. ◆ 1866- 1876 masterpiece "Who can live a good life in Russia" is a long narrative poem. It wrote that seven farmers who met by chance were looking for "who can live a good life in Russia?" The answer to this question is the story of roaming the country with a "magic tablecloth". Taking this as the plot, it vividly reproduces the Russian reality after the serfdom reform in 186 1, describes different figures such as farmers, landlords, monks, businessmen and revolutionaries, exposes the cruelty and deception of the czar's ruling authorities, and shows that Russia at that time was not a happy place, and only those who struggled and dedicated themselves to the interests of the people were happy. Long poems, in the form of folk songs, are satirical, narrative and lyrical, and there are many artistic innovations ◆ 1866 "Modern Man" was seized. 1868, The Chronicle of the Motherland, co-sponsored by Necrasov, Shedelin and yeliseyev, became a garden of progressive literature and art in the 1970s. Contemporary People reflects the reality of Russia in 1970s. ◆ The last poem, the last book of poetry published before his death, collected some lyric poems of the poet in his later years.

[Edit this paragraph] Literary thoughts

Necrasov's literary thoughts are mainly reflected in his series of poems. His main points are summarized as follows:

(1) advocates that literature and art should serve the great goals of the times.

Necrasov lived in an era of fierce struggle between supporters of "pure art" and "Nikolai Nikolai Gogol School" in Russian literary world. Necrasov clearly stood on the side of "Nikolai Nikolai Gogol School" (that is, critical realism) and proposed that literature should serve the great goal of the times. In the last few days of his life, he wrote: "Whoever serves the great goal of the times and devotes his life to fighting for human brothers is immortal ..." In a long poem written by 1876, the poet clearly pointed out his creative direction: "I didn't win glory for our nobles with my lyre ..." This sentence is true and noble. Indeed, although Necrasov made mistakes, he never dedicated his talents to the nobility and the bourgeoisie, that is, the ruling class. In Poets and Citizens, it is more clear that you must be a citizen, that is, a revolutionary, before you can become a real poet. Therefore, the theme of the people has become the basic theme of his poetry creation.

(2) Advocating that literature must describe the truth of Russian society.

Necrasov is a faithful successor to the tradition of Pushkin and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol. He is a citizen poet. He advocated exposing the greed and cruelty of rulers, revealing the inside story of bloody Russian reality and truly reappearing the suffering life of the Russian people. In a short poem written by 1858, he wrote: My poem! You are a living witness to this tearful world! You were born in an unfortunate era when brainstorming suddenly broke out. You hit people's hearts like waves hitting a cliff. In the poet's works, the muse is "the sad companion of the miserable poor". Muse guided him to "cross the dark abyss of violence and evil, labor and hunger", taught the poet to "feel his own pain" and wished the poet to "announce these pains to the world ..." Therefore, the poet took exposure and irony, accusation and protest as the purpose of his poetry creation.

(3) Advocate the unity of content and form.

Necrasov is a propaganda poet. However, while emphasizing the revolutionary ideological tendency of poetry, he attached great importance to the artistic form of poetry. The poet wrote in the poem "Form" (imitating Schiller): If you want to work hard on form, the style of the poem must be commensurate with the theme. Poetry is like casting silver coins. It should be rigorous and meticulous, so that every line of poetry is fluent. Adhere to the principle that only when the words are crowded can the mind be spacious. In order to better express the theme of the people, Necrasov made bold innovations in traditional poetry, and adopted folk songs that were suitable for the content and loved by farmers.

[Edit this paragraph] Social evaluation

Necrasov's poems are closely related to the Russian liberation movement, full of patriotism and civic responsibility. Many poems faithfully describe the life and feelings of the poor lower class people and Russian peasants, and are closely related to the political struggle at that time, so they are very ideological and combative, full of patriotism and civic responsibility. At the same time, he created a colloquial "civilian" poetic style. Poems describing the life of social hooligans and peasants represent the voices of millions of people and reflect the sufferings and aspirations of working people. He is known as the "people's poet", and his creation has had a great influence on Russian poetry and Soviet poetry. Therefore, Lenin thought that Necrasov was a faithful expression of the peasant revolution. Lenin once compared him with the outstanding satirist Shedelin: "Necrasov and Saltikoff once taught Russian society to realize the extortionate interests of land and taught people to hate this hypocrisy and ruthlessness through the so-called educated camouflage appearance of serfdom landlords." Lenin loved Necrasov's poems, and often quoted his poems to expose liberalism, Menshevism, abolitionism and social chauvinism, thus lashing his opponents more vividly and forcefully.