1, the scores and questions are generally stable and gradually increase.
From 1995 to 20 17, the score and quantity of appreciation questions of ancient poems in the national volume remained stable, showing a slow upward trend. 1995 is 1 plus 3 points; In 1996-98, it was 2 plus 6 points; 1999 is 3 plus 3 points; In 2000, it was 1 plus 3 points; In 2004, it was 2 plus 6 points; 2005-09 National Outline 2 with 8 points; Since 2007, the score of the new curriculum standard test paper is 16544. The score increased from the initial 3 points to 6 points, 8 points and 9 points, and gradually increased to the present 1 1 point. The number of questions is mainly 2 questions, and there are few questions of 1 and 3 questions. The above proposition trend reflects that the college entrance examination questions pay more and more attention to the appreciation of ancient poetry.
2. The overall question type is stable, and there is innovation in stability.
Judging from the types of questions, 95 to 0 1 year are all objective questions, with 3 points for each question, and the option setting form is one out of four. From 2002 to 16, all the questions were subjective, and from 2002 to 2004, 1 was 6 points. After 2005, the outline volume is set to 2 questions and 8 points, including 4 points for each small question. From 2007 to 16, the new curriculum standard test paper was set to 2 questions, 1 1, in which the first question scored 5 points and the second question scored 6 points. The format of 17 test questions has changed greatly compared with the past, and it consists of an objective question and a subjective question. Among them, the objective questions are set in the form of two out of five, which requires two questions that are not correctly understood in poetry. According to the score setting method of PISA exam, it is divided into 3 points, 2 points, 1 point and 0 point, and the score is ***5 points; The subjective question score is 6 points.
3. The test sites are stable, the subjects are diverse, the test sites are changing steadily, and the difficulty is gradually increasing.
The examination instructions stipulate that the test sites for appreciating ancient poems are: (1) appreciating the image, language and expression skills of literary works, and (2) evaluating the ideological content of articles and the author's views and attitudes. Specific test sites include the analysis of poetic characters, scene images and things images, language taste (including sentence meaning understanding), expression skills, ideological content, emotion and style. Over the years, the test questions have been carried out around these contents, and the test sites are extensive and comprehensive. The focus of examination questions in different years is also different.
(1) 1995-200 195 to 0 1 The materials selected for the test questions are mainly lyric poems, taking into account other categories. Most of these works are short and pithy, easy to understand, and most of them are the works of famous poets. Some are well-known masterpieces, and some have appeared in Chinese textbooks, such as 1995' s Dream by Li Qingzhao, 1998' s Jia Dao's Living in Seclusion with Li Ning. Poetry involves a wide range of genres, including Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuanqu, and a little more Tang poetry, among which metrical poetry is the main one. From the perspective of subject matter, it is also very extensive, including live lyric poems, farewell poems, epic poems and so on. Because they are all multiple-choice questions, there are generally two ways to set the stem of the question: 1, and the explanation of this poem sentence is true/false (). 2. The analysis of this poem is correct/wrong (). These two types of questions mostly examine the correct understanding of the meaning of specific poems, the techniques used in poems and the emotions expressed, which is not difficult. The examination content pays attention to the understanding of the basic content of poetry.
(2) From 2002 to 2007, the question type became subjective. The questions before the new curriculum in 2002 showed the following characteristics: first, the theme of poetry selection was mainly lyric poems by borrowing scenery, but the materials were more diverse, with more themes such as lyric poems, Zen poems and frontier battle songs, and the content scope was further expanded. Second, the genre is still dominated by Tang poetry, supplemented by Song Ci, and Yuan Qu is rare. There are fewer rhymes and more quatrains in Tang poetry. Third, the author is mainly famous, such as Zhou Bangyan, Zhang Ji, Wang Wei, Ouyang Xiu, Xin Qiji, and other poets. Fourth, the number of test questions increases and the score increases. From one question to two questions, the score reached 8 points. The examination questions attach importance to the examination of the basic knowledge, skills and methods of poetry appreciation. The difficulty of the test questions is generally peaceful. The examination questions focus on the language noumenon of poetry, such as setting important words to taste poetry (that is, "refining words"), analyzing the "poetic eye" of poetry, and the language characteristics and style of poetry. Often, such as "please appreciate a word in the first sentence", "What is the most refined and vivid word in the upper and lower sentences of a couplet? Please briefly analyze the way of asking questions. The examination questions pay attention to the basic content and techniques of poetry description, and analyze the specific images and artistic features they create, because this is an important starting point for analyzing poetry emotions. As usual, "what kind of picture does a couplet describe?" "What are the benefits of writing like this?" "What kind of picture does a sentence show?" On this basis, the second question is often set, such as "Try to analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem" and "What kind of feelings does a sentence of the poem express to the author? Please analyze it briefly. " Although it doesn't seem difficult, this kind of test is a good test to test whether candidates have correctly mastered the basic methods of appreciating poetry, with high discrimination and good method guidance.
(3) 20/200714 After Hainan, Ningxia took the lead in the examination of the new curriculum standard in 2007, the proposition of 2065 438+04 has undergone the following changes: First, the selection of poems is not limited to lyric poems for borrowing scenery, but the themes are more diverse and the scope of material selection is further expanded. Secondly, in terms of genre, the Tang poetry remained stable, and the Song poetry increased obviously, which was also involved in pre-Qin and Ming and Qing poetry. Third, the scope of authors has been further expanded, and the biggest feature is that half of them are famous artists, both old and new. Famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, Xin Qiji, Ouyang Xiu and Lu You. Most of these poets are representative writers of Tang and Song poetry, and their works are first-class. The examination of famous works is more conducive to inheriting the essence of traditional culture. There are also some well-known poets, such as Wei, He Zhu, Mei and Zhang Yan. In order to increase the discrimination, the examination questions also selected the works of some unfamiliar poets such as Tang Geng, Zhao Bingwen and Qian.
From the point of view of problem setting, problem setting pays attention to gradient, avoids abrupt and is more scientific. Asking questions or increasing the gradient one by one, or looking at it from different angles, is related before and after. The questions are specific, directional and easy to answer and evaluate. This also shows that the technology and ability of poetry proposition are constantly improving. From the difficulty point of view, compared with the previous stage, the difficulty has increased. From the content of the examination, the examination questions show three changes: first, the examination starts with the relationship between "scenery" and "emotion", with the emphasis on tasting and feeling "emotion" through grasping "scenery" and artistic conception. The lyricism of these poems is straightforward and implicit, mostly implicit. It is completely incompetent to solve problems by "labeling", which can also test the true appreciation of kung fu. The second is to strengthen the examination of the general idea of poetry. What do you mean by missing the last two sentences? The way of asking questions, such a topic that directly examines the meaning of poetry, rarely appeared before. The third is to downplay skill appraisal and strengthen analysis and examination. Poetry not only pays attention to "what is written", but also makes an in-depth investigation on "how to write". However, it does not set obstacles in identifying and expressing skills, but reduces the gradient and dilutes skill identification. Many questions directly give specific skills, and only need to analyze the specific performance of skills when answering.
(4) The questions from 2015 to 20 17 to17 show the following changes in proposition: First, the length of poems increases, the number of words increases, and the reading difficulty increases slightly. Some excerpts from long poems began to become the new favorites of propositional materials, such as Du Fu's "Dan Qing to General Cao Ba". At the same time, it reduces the scenery content of the poem and enhances the narrative. Secondly, from the genre point of view, the number of Tang poems decreased, while the number of Song poems increased obviously. 16 has 1 first, and 17 has two. Third, the theme is richer and more diverse, and there are more poems such as paintings. Fourthly, in addition to paying more attention to the examination of reading poetry content, questioning also began to pay attention to the combination of in-class and out-of-class and the transmission of textbook knowledge, and set up test questions as usual to compare poetry with poetry learned in junior and senior high school textbooks. For example, "this poem is similar to Xin Qiji's Broken Array, but the emotional tone is different. Please point out the difference between them. " 17 adds a multiple-choice question with one of five choices and reduces a subjective question. The content of multiple-choice questions is more detailed, such as the analysis of the content of a couplet, the analysis of poetic characters, and the examination pays more attention to the ability to read the text carefully. Judging from the actual answering situation, the difficulty of the test questions has not been reduced because of the reduction of subjective questions.
Second, 20 18 preparation strategies for poetry appreciation in college entrance examination
20 18 is the first college entrance examination after the revision of the new curriculum standard, and the examination of China traditional culture will be further strengthened. On the basis of maintaining stability, the proposition of ancient poetry appreciation test questions will pay more attention to the examination of reading literacy. From the perspective of preparing for the exam, we need to prepare for the review from three aspects:
1. We must be very familiar with the main contents, typical techniques and emotions of 64 ancient poems recited in junior and senior high schools, and form a knowledge system. The key themes are:
Drinking, saying goodbye to the deputy viceroy and leaving for Shu, I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left of Longbiao kiln, but it was difficult to go. Wang Yue, Wang Chun, the hut was broken by autumn wind, and 18 members of Zhang Water Resources Department were given in early spring to enjoy Lotte Yangzhou's first meeting, Qiantang Lake's spring outing, Taishou Yanmen's trip, Chibi, Bo Qinhuai, and fisherman's pride.
2. To improve the ability of reading poems, we should review the common meanings, grammatical and syntactic features, typical images and main melody types in ancient poems and memorize them.
3, carefully study the college entrance examination questions in the past two years, especially the multiple-choice questions, try to figure out the ways and means to set the answers, and review them in a targeted manner.