Song lyrics (music lyrics, music, movements, long and short sentences) are a popular literary genre in the Song Dynasty. Song lyrics are both long and short, making them easy to sing. They were formed in the Tang Dynasty and reached their peak in the Song Dynasty. Together with Tang poetry, they are known as Shuangjue. The representative figures of Song Ci mainly include Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, etc.
Chinese name
Song Ci
Foreign name
Song Ci
Representative figures
Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Yan Shu
Also known as
Music lyrics, Yuefu, movements, long and short sentences
Genre classification
Xiao Ling, Middle tune and long tune
Origin
Tang Dynasty
Interpretation
A Chinese literary genre popular in the Song Dynasty
< p>Basic overviewSong Ci
Ci is a kind of music literature. Its emergence, development, creation and spread are all directly related to music. The music that the poem is paired with is the so-called Yan music, also called banquet music. Its main component is a new type of music that has been a fusion of Hu music from the Western Regions and folk lane music since the Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties. It is mainly used for entertainment and banquet performances. , has become popular in the Sui Dynasty. The origin of the words associated with Yanle can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. Volume 1 of "Biji Manzhi" by Wang Zhuo of the Song Dynasty said: "Since the Sui Dynasty, the so-called tunes have gradually become popular, and it was slightly more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty." The lyrics were mainly popular among the people at first. There are more than sixty works, most of which are folk songs from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Around the mid-Tang Dynasty, poets Zhang Zhihe, Wei Yingwu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi and others began to write lyrics and introduced this style into the literary world. By the late Tang and Five Dynasties, literati poetry had developed greatly. The late Tang poet Wen Tingyun and the "Huajian School" poets represented by him and the Southern Tang poets represented by Li Yu and Feng Yansi were all poets. He made important contributions to the maturity of the body and the establishment of the basic lyrical style. Ci finally became unique apart from poetry and became one of the most prominent literary genres in ancient China. Entering the Song Dynasty, the creation of poetry gradually became more and more popular, and a large number of poets with outstanding achievements were produced. Famous works emerged one after another, and various styles and schools emerged. "Complete Song Ci" contains more than 1,330 lyrics and nearly 20,000 poems that have been circulated to this day. From this number, we can infer the grand occasion of creation at that time. Although the origin of Ci is early, the peak of its development was in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, later generations regarded Ci as the most representative literature of the Song Dynasty, alongside the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, and the so-called "Tang poetry and Song Ci" came into being. . [1]
Development History
Historical Origins
Quiet Ci originated from the folk, and its natural tendency is to be vulgar and vulgar. Due to the rediscovery of a large number of "quzi" in the Dunhuang Grottoes, the view that Ci originated from folk literature has been widely recognized. The tunes and lyrics that emerged and formed during the Sui and Tang Dynasties were originally sung in conjunction with a brand new music - "Yan Yue". "Yan" refers to "banquet", and Yan music is popular entertainment music during banquets. The performers and singers are all lower-class musicians and singers with low cultural quality. There are two main sources of Yan music tunes: one is from ethnic minorities from border areas or foreign lands. During the Tang Dynasty, a large amount of music from the Western Regions flowed in and was called the "Hu Division". Some of the music was later changed to Chinese names. For example, in the 13th year of Tianbao (754), 54 Hu-named music in Taichang music were changed to Chinese names. "Jiegu Lu" contains 131 songs, sixty-seven out of ten of which are foreign songs. Many of the tunes that were later used as lyrics can be judged to be foreign music based on the names of the tunes. For example, "Wangyue Brahman" was originally an Indian tune, and "Su Muzhe" was originally a Kucha tune. "Hu Taolian", "Hu Weizhou" and other tunes are clearly labeled with the word "Hu". Some tunes come from southern Xinjiang, such as "Bodhisattva Man", "Bapai Man" and so on. Some tunes are directly named after the border areas, indicating that the tunes come from the border areas. "New Tang Book·Five Elements Chronicles" says: "Most of Tianbaohou's songs are named after border areas, such as "Yizhou", "Ganzhou", "Liangzhou", etc." Volume 10 of Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essays" Siye said: "All the great songs in Yuefu today came from the Tang Dynasty, and there are five states named after them: Yi, Liang, Xi, Shi, and Weiye." Yizhou is now the Hami area of ??Xinjiang, and Ganzhou is now Zhangye, Gansu. Liangzhou is today's Wuwei in Gansu Province, Xizhou is today's Lintao in Gansu Province, Shizhou is today's Lishi in Shanxi Province, and Weizhou is today's Longxi in Gansu Province. These were all northwest border states in the Tang Dynasty. The main part of Yan music is these foreign music. The second is folk songs from the folk. Many tunes of the Tang Dynasty were originally folk songs. Mr. Ren Erbei's "Jianfang Notes" has examined the folk tunes in the Jiaofang tunes one by one. For example, "Bamboo Branch" was originally a Sichuan and Hunan folk song. Liu Yuxi's "Preface to Bamboo Branch" of the Tang Dynasty said: "When I came to Jianping (now Wushan, Sichuan), I sang the children's couplet "Bamboo Branch", playing the piccolo and drums to attend the festival. The singer raised his sleeves. Sui Wu is a virtuous person with many songs. Listening to the sound, the feathers of Huang Zhong are as loud as the sound of Wu. "Another example is "Maixiu Liangqi", quoted in "Wang Shi" in Volume 257 of "Taiping Guangji". Records of Experiences and Information says that during the period of Zhu Liang in the Five Dynasties, "the music of "Maixiu Liangqi" was played in front of the palace, and tools for harvesting wheat were used, attracting dozens of generations of poor children in ragged clothes, carrying men and women, carrying baskets and cages to gather wheat. The lyrics of harmony singing are sad and have the meaning of poverty. "The creation of folk songs in the Song Dynasty was still very vigorous. "History of Song Dynasty·Le Zhi" said that in the Northern Song Dynasty, "there were many new folk songs", such as "Lone Wild Goose", "Yun Ling" and so on.
The two main sources of Yanle tunes established the vulgar and simple literary characteristics of Yanle and its lyrics. In the process of singing and spreading, as well as when performing its entertainment function, lyrics further consolidate this characteristic of literary creation. The lyrics have innate vulgar characteristics, which are very different from the orthodox aesthetic tradition that relies on elegance and justice. The traditional education received by most lyric writers, and the aesthetic concepts subconsciously given to them by history and society, all play a conscious or unconscious role in their appreciation and creation of lyrics. Efforts to get rid of vulgarity and return to the right path of elegance have become the urgent and unremitting pursuit of poets.