It is characterized by expressing one's character, destiny or ideal by describing and praising things.
For example, I am aloof and comfortable, not afraid of power, not seeking wealth, worrying about the country and the people, governing the country and leveling the world, indifferent to fame and fortune, and not drifting with the tide.
Reveal the connotation of common images in ancient poetry
Poetry pays attention to meaning. Therefore, the poet's lyricism is often not the direct expression of emotion, nor the direct indoctrination of ideas, but the use of words in this sense. When writing scenery, you can borrow scenery to express your feelings, while when chanting things, you just hold things to express your feelings. The "scenery" written here and the "things" sung here are the "images" of the guests, the "feelings" expressed by the scenery and the "aspirations" sung by the things are subjective. "The perfect combination of image and meaning is image. It is not only a portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of his emotional thoughts. The cleverness of a poet often lies in his ability to create a novel "image" or a set of images to express his feelings implicitly. An image sometimes has rich and varied connotations.
The moon is synonymous with homesickness.
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Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night
"The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. "
Moon+emotion = an image full of poet's emotion.
Du Fu's "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night", he knew that the dew would be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home was so bright! .
Dew is always white, but tonight is whiter, because it feels like tonight; The moon is unknown everywhere, and my hometown is brighter because I miss my brother and my hometown. The poet takes fantasy as reality to highlight his nostalgia for his hometown.
Tang and Wang Jian's "Looking at Du Langzhong at Fifteen Nights" "I am looking forward to the full moon tonight, and I don't know who I will fall into."
This poem expresses Ding's general sentimental feelings on this full moon night with euphemistic questions, and implicitly expresses the poet's deep yearning for his hometown friends.
Two chrysanthemums-a portrayal of personality (strong personality? Lofty temperament)
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Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drink the name of Mulan in the morning and watch the autumn chrysanthemum fall at dusk."
The poet proved his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers.
"Chrysanthemum" in Yuanyuan Town of Tang Dynasty: "Autumn shrubs are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that the flowers are used up.
More flowerless. "To express Ding's pursuit of loyalty and noble character.
Three plum blossoms-a symbol of nobility
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Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote plum blossoms: "A flower changes suddenly first, and a hundred flowers follow the fragrance."
The poet pays attention to the characteristics of cherishing flowers first, and writes down the qualities of not being afraid of setbacks and being the first in the world. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself.
Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "It's not snow to know far away, because there is fragrance."
The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness.
Four pines-solitary, straight and cold-resistant (fighting with frost and snow is naturally the object of praise)
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Li Bai's Gift to Wei Feng: May your senior be romantic, but be careful not to be a peach and plum.
Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person.
Serina Liu, a native of the Three Kingdoms, wrote "Give it to my brother": "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual."
The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as Song and maintain a noble quality during his term of office.
Wulian-the expression of love
Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love.
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"Song of Xizhou" written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties "picked lotus in Nantang in autumn, and the lotus was over the head; Bow your head and make lotus seeds, green as water. "
"Lotus seeds. That is "Reiko Kobayakawa" (Qing). That is "please". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
Liu Wutong-a symbol of desolation and sadness
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Wang Changling's "Long Letter Autumn Poems" "The golden well covers the yellow autumn leaves, and the night pearl curtain rolls down the frost. The smoke cage is colorless, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. "
It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In the desolate and lonely palace, she was alone, listening to the feeling of palace leakage.
Scene. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere.
Seven cuckoo birds-a symbol of sadness
In ancient mythology, King Shu asked Du Yu to look up to the emperor; Forced to give way to his courtier, he hid in the mountains, and his soul became a cuckoo after his death. Therefore, the unfolding of cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness.
Du Fu, also known as Zigui and Du Yu. In ancient China, there were myths and legends about "Looking at the Emperor and Singing the Rhododendron". Wang Di, the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turns into a bird, and in the late spring, all hardships come. As for oral bleeding. Its voice is sad and touching, and it is called cuckoo. In China's classical poems, Du Fu is often associated with bitterness.
The cuckoo's crow seems to be saying again. It's better to go home than to go home. "Its sound can easily touch people's homesickness. Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty said, "People cry at night, and trees fly in the daytime. Spring mountains are infinitely good, so it is better to go home. "
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Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Zuo Long to express Yao's letter": "Huayang fell to the ground and Wendao Longdu crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon and follow the phoenix to Yelangxi. "
The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is scenery, which expresses feelings of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. The third and fourth sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of the bright moon.
Eight chilling cicadas-synonymous with nobility and sadness.
After autumn, cicadas can't live for many people. After the autumn rain, cicadas will make several intermittent moans.
Life is at stake. Therefore, chilling is synonymous with sadness.
In the works of the ancients, cicada is a symbol of nobility and purity. Because it lives on a high branch, sleeps outside in the wind and doesn't eat fireworks, its implied character belongs to lofty type.
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Tang and Luo's "Cicadas Singing": "Cicadas sing in the west, and visitors in the south think deeply."
Singing chilling, deeply homesick in prison.
Luo is a political prisoner who listens to cicadas. Who knows if he is still singing? .
Li Shangyin's cicada, pure heart, therefore longs to live a pure life like you.
Wang's "Qi Tianle" is "very noble and sad", and cicadas are used as a metaphor for a noble character.
Nine-headed geese-arouse homesickness, affection and sentimentality during the trip.
Goose and bluebird-messengers of books in ancient poetry.
Li Qingzhao said, "When the word Yan returns, the West Building will be full tomorrow."
Another poem by Li Qingzhao said: "Relying on the sound of books is not as good as flying geese, and coming from the east is far less than Penglai." Gus is the messenger here.
Messenger.
Jade Bird, it is said that the Queen Mother of the West has three Qingdao, one of which was sent as an envoy to inform Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the other two went with the Queen Mother of the West.
Come and serve the queen mother.
Hongyan is a large migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and wandering sorrow.
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For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People miss home every day."
I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. Works of poets in northern dynasties.
When I was an official, I went to the Southern Dynasties to write this homesick poem, which was subtle and graceful.
Li Shangyin said in a poem: "There is not much road from Pengshan to Bluebird. Listen! -Give me what she said! "The bluebird became the messenger of books here.
Ten willows-a symbol of divorce.
Divorce is often associated with willow trees. The first reason is that they are isomorphic? The swaying figure of weak willow branches can convey the feeling of "reluctant to part" when relatives and friends leave. The formation of this special image of willow is the product of historical and cultural accumulation, which is regulated and restricted by national culture and national psychology and has certain conventions. ,
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Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" "The jade flute is dark and the spring breeze is full of Los Angeles." When I hear the sound of willow breaking in this nocturne, who can't help but feel homesick? "Please analyze why" Folding Willow "is the key to the whole poem. To answer this question, candidates must have some knowledge of classical culture and fully understand the connotation of the special image of "Liu". This poem is based on Yuefu's Song of Cross Blowing? Folding willow songs > "When you get on the horse, you don't catch the whip, but fold it. Playing the flute on the bench, worrying about killing the traveler. " The custom of breaking willows to bid farewell was the most prosperous in the Tang Dynasty.
Nanpu and Changting-parting places
In ancient Chinese poetry, Nanpu is a place where water is sent to the frontier. Qu Yuan's Nine Songs? "Hebo" and "Go east to pick up the child and send the beauty to Nanpu."
Jiang Yan's Biefu, "Spring grass is green, spring water is flowing, so it hurts to send you to Nanpu!"
Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" "Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two.
"The ancient people's farewell to the water was not only in Nanpu. Due to the long-term national culture, Nanpu has become a proper name for the farewell to the water.
-the pavilion is a place to tell other places on land.
Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man" "Where is the return journey? The pavilion is shorter. "
Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling" is "the cold cicada mourns, and the night is Changting."
Li Shutong's Farewell: "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green."
Obviously, in China's classical poetry, the pavilion has become a farewell place on land.
Twelve Kinds of Medicine-Parting and Leaving Hate
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In China's classical poems, Cao Fang is a metaphor of hate. Chu ci? Recruit a hermit: "The prince and grandson don't return, and the spring grass grows and grows." .
"Lush" means lush spring grass. Spring grass is lush, spring scenery is sultry, and Iraqis will never return, which will inevitably make homesick women look forward to going upstairs.
Thirteen bananas-sad voice (loneliness and sadness)
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Bananas are often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. In the south, there is the joy of bamboo silk, and the rain hits the banana, expressing the bleak voice. Li Qingzhao once wrote: "Who planted banana trees in front of the window? The atrium is overcast. " The atrium is full of gloomy clouds, and the leaves are relaxed and affectionate. "
Pour out sadness and melancholy and complain about bananas.
Fourteen, Qiang flute, vice-sad voice
Qiangdi is a musical instrument from the ancient west, which developed a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in Tang Dynasty.
For example, in Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Qu, "Why should Qiangdi complain about Liu? The spring breeze is just Yumen Pass. "
In "Bai Xuege Farewell to the Home of Secretary Wu Tian", "China Army gave a banquet to thank the guests and played the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him."
Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of Hometown" "I don't know where to play the flute, but I want to see my hometown all night."
Fan Zhongyan's "The Fisherman's Pride" "A glass of turbid wine makes Wan Li return, Ran Yan is unhappy, and the management is full of frost."
"The shrill voice of a strong brother often makes recruiters cry. The function of Hu eggplant is the same as this, so I won't repeat it here.
Fifteen crows-a sign of decline and desolation
According to superstition, it is an ominous bird, which often haunts graves and other desolate places. China's classical poems are often associated with decadent and desolate things. Li Shangyin's Sui Palace: Fireflies have gone and left the place where the wind blows, but they are still in the weeping willows, and crows inhabit at dusk.
"Man Ting Square" Qin Guan "outside the setting sun, ten thousand points in west Western jackdaw, flowing water around the lonely village."
Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Tian Jing Sha? Qiu Si, "Dead vines, old trees, faint crows. "
Sixteen apes cry-a sad song
The ape's cry in poetry often symbolizes a sad feeling.
Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain" "The ape sobbed in the fierce wind blowing in the wide sky."
Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics? In Jiang Shui, the fisherman sang: "The head of Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong; The ape sang three times with tears. "
Li Duan's Fujian is endowed with Bajiang Night Apes. It's a pity to cry for apes.
They all use apes to express this sad mood.
Seventeen waters-persistent melancholy
In China's ancient poems, it was associated with persistent sadness.
Li Yu said: "How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward. "
Naturally, people hate water when they grow up. "
Use the water flowing from the east as a metaphor for endless sadness.
Qin Guan's Walking on the Sand is "Farewell and sorrow are getting farther and farther, and the distance is like spring water." "When I got to the river, there were tears, endless flow, and a lot of sadness. Linking running water with leaving sorrow is also a common expression in classical poetry.
in addition
Plum: a metaphor for a mature girl's desire for love, such as "looking back at the yamen, only smelling plums" (Li Haoxi's "Ritual Lips");
Floating clouds: a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I will think of you in the floating clouds, so I will think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends)
Yuanyang: refers to a loving couple, such as "I succeeded, why should I give up my life?" Better be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Ancient Meaning Chang 'an by Lu in Tang Dynasty)
Lilac: refers to melancholy or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie"
Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty
Peony: a symbol of wealth.