Teaching objectives:
1. Recognize and pronounce 14 new words such as "yao" and "rao" accurately, and be able to understand words such as "forgetting to sleep and eat" and "a drop in the bucket" with the help of reference books or the context. meaning.
2. Can guide students to learn independently according to the learning tips before the text and understand the profound sentences in the text.
3. Read the text emotionally. Feel the enthusiasm of the builders for railway construction and the development of the western region, the spirit of challenging the limits and creating a first-class Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and the heroic spirit of the builders to overcome difficulties and fight tenaciously.
Key and difficult teaching points:
Understand the difficulties encountered in building the railway to Lhasa, feel the heroic spirit of overcoming difficulties, and appreciate the profound sentences in the article.
Preparation before class:
Collect and understand relevant information about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Development of the Western Region
Teaching time: one class hour
Teaching Basic program teaching adjustments
1. Talk about songs, appreciate pictures, and reveal the topic.
1. Have you ever heard of the song "Road to Heaven"? (Show the lyrics). What does "Road to Heaven" sung in the song refer to? (Qinghai-Tibet Railway)
2. Reveal the question and read the question. Through pre-class preview, what do you know about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway?
3. Read the sentence: "A long "iron dragon"... arrives at the snowy holy city of Lhasa." (With map for understanding) )
2. Read the text for the first time and understand the general idea.
1. This is a skimming text, and we can study with the help of study tips. Read the text freely and think: What aspects does the text introduce?
2. Communication (encountering difficulties and overcoming difficulties)
3. Read the text intensively and appreciate the language.
(1) Facing Difficulties:
1. Read the text silently and think about what difficulties the road construction army encountered?
2. Communication: Reading Come up with sentences from the text and briefly introduce them in your own words to see who can summarize them into one word. (It is difficult to control the construction temperature, the weather is bad, and there is extreme hypoxia)
3. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel is only a part of the entire railway. Why did the author choose it to write about? (Read the fourth natural paragraph to understand "frozen soil") It can be seen that the difficulties faced in building railways are very great. Please choose one of the difficulties and read it emotionally. (Practice reading, random communication)
"The area around Fengshan Mountain often... hailstones of all sizes rain down on your face."
When have you seen such a scene? Combined Understanding: torn to pieces and missing completely
“Although we are prepared for hypoxia...the lives of the road construction troops are facing serious threats.”
Understanding “a drop in the bucket” (Understand the meaning of the article literally and imagine the serious threat caused by hypoxia)
Information introduction: The natural conditions in the Fenghuoshan area are harsh, with an average altitude of about 4,900 meters and an average annual temperature of -7 ℃, the lowest temperature in the cold season reaches -41 ℃, and the oxygen content in the air is only about 50% of that in the mainland, making it known as the "life forbidden zone".
4. According to the title, why does the author not focus on describing the process of road construction, but spend so much ink on describing the difficulties encountered? (Learning how to write: profile description)
(2) Part of Overcoming Difficulties:
1. How did the road construction troops do in the face of difficulties? Find relevant sentences in the text and communicate with classmates.
2. Group communication: Speak briefly in your own words. (Find the ideal temperature, fight bravely, and build a plateau oxygen production station)
3. Choose the part you want to read most and read it to everyone. (Practice reading, random communication)
"Scientific and technical personnel were in the tunnel day and night... destroying the frozen soil that was showing off their evil intentions."
What did you experience? (Seize "day and night" "Repeatedly"), can you read your own feelings?
Fighting the wind and snow, fighting the severe cold, on the plateau where life is forbidden, this is an unimaginable construction.
“The lights of the headquarters were brightly lit all night long... I lowered my proud head again and again!”
Understand “forgetting food and sleep” and imagine how scientific and technical personnel work without food or sleep? How do you feel from this? What has been achieved?
4. Writing guidance: If the difficulty encountered just now is a side description, then the difficulty to overcome now is (positive description).
(3) Supplementary information: "Morning in the Forbidden Zone of Life"
4. Clarify the literary path and sublimate emotions
1. It is the builders who challenge The spirit of pushing the limits and being the first has led to experiments again and again, tackling key problems again and again, failing again and again, and succeeding again and again. The commandos and scientific and technical personnel shouted the same wish again and again - "Build the railway to Lhasa! Build the railway to Lhasa!" (Read with emotion)
2. "Build the railway to Lhasa!" Go to Lhasa!" This sentence appears repeatedly in the text. Please find out how many times it appears in the text, read it, and think about why the author wrote this?
3. Communication: (Throughout the whole text) , plays a connecting role, reflects the strong determination of the road construction army, and is also proud of our wisdom and advanced science and technology.
)
4. If you were a member of the road-building army and saw the Qinghai-Tibet Railway completed, what would you want to say most at this moment?
5. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was officially opened to traffic on July 1, 2006, bringing huge changes to Tibet. However, in order to build this railway, more than 400,000 compatriots of all ethnic groups stayed away from their relatives and friends and fought on this desolate and harsh plateau. How many young lives were buried forever under the snow-capped mountains, and how many people dedicated their blood and youth. We cannot forget the builders who shed blood and tears on this frozen soil. If you wanted to build a monument for them at the altitude where the railway passes, what would you write on it?
(Vivid writing, communication)
5. After-school homework< /p>
Exchange relevant information on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the development of the western region.
Write on the blackboard:
Build the railway to Lhasa
It is difficult to control the temperature
Encounter difficulties and bad weather
Extreme hypoxia
Overcoming difficulties
Part 2
Teaching objectives:
1. Recognize the 14 new words and new words in this lesson .
2. Read the full text to understand the basic situation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the difficulties of building the railway.
3. Read the text emotionally and feel the enthusiasm of the builders for the development of the western region.
Teaching focus:
Read the full text to understand the basic situation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the difficulties of building the railway.
Teaching difficulties:
Read the text emotionally and feel the enthusiasm of the builders for the development of the western region.
Teaching preparation:
Related information, pictures and courseware on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Teaching process:
1. Scenario introduction and topic introduction
In the past week, we went to the western part of the motherland, visited the vast prairie, and explored The mysterious Silk Road, the tall poplar trees on the vast Gobi Desert, and the western scenery of the motherland have charming ethnic customs. Now, let’s go and enjoy the beautiful Lhasa, the snow-covered holy city in the west.
(The big screen shows the beautiful scenery of Lhasa, and the teacher introduces the general situation of Lhasa: Lhasa is the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, a famous cultural city with a history of 1,300 years, and the highest city in the world.)
Talk about your impressions of Lhasa by name.
Teacher: But for many years, the impression in people's minds is that "it is easy to go abroad, but difficult to enter Tibet." Lhasa, Tibet is located in a remote location and has congested transportation, which has brought many difficulties to the circulation of materials and cultural exchanges. As early as 1958, under the care of Chairman Mao, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction. However, nearly half a century later, the railway has not yet Before entering Tibet, in the 20th century Lhasa was the only provincial capital city in the country that did not have access to trains. Therefore, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is not only the expectation of the Tibetan people, but also the wish of the people across the country. With the clarion call for the development of the western region sounding, building a railway to Lhasa has become a reality. (Blackboard writing topic)
Unveil the topic and read the topic - "Build the Railway to Lhasa".
2. Check the preview status
The key words of this lesson will be displayed on the big screen. Name students to read the correct pronunciation and explain the key words
3. Understand the reading prompts and clarify the reading requirements
1. Read the reading prompts by yourself to see how many aspects of learning this article requirements. Communication: There are three requirements for reading prompts
⑴ Read the text silently and talk about what kind of railway the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is.
⑵ What difficulties did the builders encounter during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how did they overcome them.
⑶ Tell the students the collected information about the development of the western region.
2. Overall perception: Which question in the reading prompts do you think is the most important for understanding the full text? (Second question) There is a sentence that appears repeatedly in the text, emphasizing this point. This sentence is - "Build the railway to Lhasa"!
Four. Get straight to the point, self-study and inquiry
Transition: "Build the railway to Lhasa"! They are commandos and scientific and technical personnel, but it is indeed not an easy task to build the railway to Lhasa! This is a very difficult railway to build. (The teacher added information and looked at the Qinghai-Tibet Railway diagram on the screen: Qinghai-Tibet Railway The railway passes through the Kunlun Mountains at an altitude of 4,767 meters and the Tibetan Plateau, the roof of the world at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. The total length is 1,142 kilometers and it passes through 550 kilometers of permafrost areas. Explanation: The frozen soil area is covered with hard rock all year round. Ice, some of which are more than 100 meters thick, is a difficult problem encountered in building railways in plateau areas.) Fenghuoshan was the most difficult problem, but in the end, scientific and technical personnel and commandos overcame the difficulty and made Fengshan "the only one in the world". The huge obstacle lowered its proud head again and again."
1. (The screen displays a sentence: "This huge stumbling block lowered its proud head again and again.") How do you understand this sentence?
(1) Why Are you saying that Fenghuoshan is a huge obstacle? (Because there are three major difficulties here: permafrost, severe weather, and extreme hypoxia) (blackboard writing)
(2) Why is it said that Fenghuoshan has been humbled and arrogant again and again? The head?
① Because scientific and technological personnel found the temperature of the concrete and discovered the permafrost area.
(Written on the blackboard: *frozen soil)
②Because the young commandos withstood the bad weather and continued to work tenaciously. (Writing on the blackboard: Tenacious work)
③ Because scientific and technological personnel built a large-scale oxygen production station, they overcame the difficulty of extreme hypoxia. (Write on the blackboard: Build an oxygen production station)
(3) What kind of builders do you think these are? (Brave, strong, wise, not afraid of hardship or tiredness...)
(4)Yes, they are indeed a group of brave, strong and intelligent young commandos. Which of you wants to be such a commando? We will ask this commando to read paragraphs 1 to 3 to find out your determination.
The commandos were determined to build the railway to Lhasa, but problems arose as soon as the Fenghuoshan Tunnel was excavated.
2. Teacher read: Explosions again and again... are simply impossible!"
(1) What do the predictions of the Western media indicate?
(2) They think it’s impossible, but do you think it’s possible?
(3) How do our young commandos make things that foreigners think impossible become possible?
< p>5. Post-reading interview1. Cooperation requirements
(1) While reading, draw sentences about the difficulties encountered in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how to overcome them, (grasp Listen to the key words and understand the difficulty of the project and the courage and wisdom of the builders)
(2) Let us think of ourselves as a CCTV reporter and go into the construction site to interview the road construction workers. The difficult journey of Feng Huoshan. Requirements: According to the question prompts on the interview outline, interview your deskmate as a young commando.
2. Interview outline
(1) What difficulties did you encounter?
◇The first difficulty: It is difficult to control the temperature during tunnel construction.
“The concrete cannot solidify because the temperature is too low. They brought a heater to heat the tunnel, and the ice and rock on the tunnel wall melted due to the heat, causing the tunnel wall to collapse.
◇The second difficulty: bad weather
“There are often strong winds in the Fengshan area...In the blink of an eye, dark clouds come over the top, and hailstones of large and small sizes fall down all over the face.” ◇Chapter Three difficulties: extreme hypoxia.
"Although we were prepared for hypoxia, the situation that occurred during the construction was still unexpected...the lives of the road construction troops faced serious threats."
(2) These difficulties What impact or consequences has it had on you?
Labor efficiency has dropped rapidly, and the lives of road construction troops are facing serious threats.
(3) How did you overcome these difficulties?
◇"Scientific and technical personnel conducted on-site observations in the tunnel day and night and discovered the law of temperature changes in ice and rock. After repeated observations, analysis and Through experiments, they finally found the temperature of the concrete and destroyed the frozen soil."
◇"The lights at the command center stay on all night long?... Can a large-scale oxygen production station be built?... Fenghuoshan, This huge stumbling block has lowered its proud head time and time again!”
Just now our more than 20 little reporters interviewed more than 20 commandos and scientific and technological workers, now who will tell the whole country in front of the camera? The audience reported on the scene of Fenghuoshan. (Tip: Divide into three events according to "permafrost area", "bad weather" and "extreme hypoxia", and do on-site reports three times. You can conduct interviews while reporting)
6. On-site reporting
1. How to break through the "permafrost zone". (Look at the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Ask a student to do a live report, and others will provide additional comments.
(2) Understand the "power".
①What is the prestige? (Show your power to the opponent from the beginning.)
②What prestige does Feng Shanhuo give to the young commandos?
③These What harm might this show of power bring to workers and projects? (Threatening workers’ lives and forcing engineering to stop work)
④ But is it difficult for all this to defeat our road construction army? Why?
< p>(3) Yes, because this group of brave and strong young commandos have a firm belief in their hearts: "Build the railway to Lhasa!" (Read the 7th natural paragraph together)2. How to beat "bad weather." (Look at the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Ask a student to do a live report, and others will provide additional comments.
(2) Imagine what it would be like to be "in pieces", "missing" and "disappeared".
(3) Read the first 5 sentences of the 8th natural paragraph (the teacher reads the first half of the sentence, and the students read the second half to emphasize the prominent role)
(4) Look at the picture and imagine the workers What might we do in the face of such bad weather?
(5) Yes, the house was blown down, the roof was overturned, the head was smashed, the face was bleeding, it was cold! It hurt! But , when the team members thought of the poor days and urgent expectations of the Tibetan people, they gritted their teeth and shouted over and over again in their hearts: "Build the railway to Lhasa!" (Read it twice)
3. How to deal with extreme hypoxia. (Look at the pictures in the courseware)
(1) Ask a student to do a live report, and others will provide additional comments.
(2) What is "a drop in the bucket"? Why is it a drop in the bucket?
(3) Look at the picture and imagine what it would be like for a worker to carry an oxygen bottle and work in a tunnel?
(4) Chest tightness, headache, vomiting, weakness of limbs... Life is seriously threatened. What a terrible difficulty it is! But the construction army just let Feng Huoshan, this huge roadblock lowered its proud head again and again . Why? What did their victory rely on?
① It is the courage and perseverance of the workers.
②It is the wisdom of scientific and technological personnel.
③It is the concern of the Party Central Committee.
④It is the support of the Tibetan people.
......
(5) Because, "Building the railway to Lhasa" is the strong determination of the railway workers and the common wish of people across the country. Classmates, with the aspirations of the people across the country, let us loudly shout out the determination of the railway workers. (Read paragraphs 10 to 11 together)
7. Summary and sublimation
1. (The last sentence is displayed on the screen: The "iron dragon" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is constantly moving forward, Moving forward, Lhasa is already in sight...) What do you understand from the last ellipsis? (On July 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into operation. Lhasa officially bid farewell to the history of no railway, and opened Lhasa to Xining, Beijing, It has many lines including Chengdu, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, and is equipped with the most luxurious tourist trains in the world. Now, it only takes 48 hours to take a train from Lhasa to Beijing.) Play video: Celebration scene of the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
2. Classmates, in order to build this railway, more than 400,000 compatriots of all ethnic groups fought hard on this desolate and harsh plateau, far away from their relatives and friends. How many young lives are buried forever under the snow-capped mountains, and how many people have dedicated their lives. They sacrifice their own blood and youth, but it is precisely because of their efforts that it is possible to completely rewrite the history of Tibet not having access to railways, and Tibet can truly become prosperous.
3. Facing such a group of respectable and lovely railway workers, what do you want to say to them?
8. Homework
Add explanations to the text illustrations word. On October 19, 2002, the 1,338-meter-long Fenghuoshan Tunnel was successfully completed. Ask students to observe carefully and try to write a commentary for this photo
Blackboard design:
Build the railway to Lhasa
Permafrost -----*frozen soil
Bad weather-----work tenaciously
Extreme lack of oxygen-----build an oxygen station
3
Learning objectives:
1. Recognize the 14 new words in this lesson, collect and exchange relevant information on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the development of the western region.
2. Understand the text content. Learn to connect with context and understand sentences with profound meaning. Read the text emotionally.
3. Read the full text silently to understand what kind of railway the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is and what difficulties the builders encountered during its construction. Feel the heroic spirit of the builders who bravely overcome difficulties and fight tenaciously.
Teaching focus: Understand the difficulties encountered in building the railway to Lhasa, feel the heroic spirit of overcoming difficulties, and understand profound sentences.
Teaching preparation: Qinghai-Tibet Railway related materials, pictures, courseware.
Class schedule: one class period
Teaching process:
1. Scenario introduction, introduction of topics
1. Show the territory of China, preliminary Learn about the West.
2. Watch pictures of Lhasa scenery and talk about your first impressions.
2. Understand the reading prompts and clarify the reading requirements
1. Read the reading prompts by yourself and see how there are several requirements for studying this article.
2. Communication. There are 3 requirements in the reading prompt.
(1) Read the text silently and talk about what kind of railway the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is.
(2) What difficulties did the builders encounter during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how did they overcome them.
(3) Tell the students the collected information about the development of the western region.
3. Perceive the content of the text and understand the main idea of ??the article
1. Self-study text: Please read the text silently according to the reading requirements, pay attention to the correct pronunciation, read the sentences and make comments.
2. Check self-study: self-study of characters and new words.
3. Overall perception: Which question in the reading prompt do you think is the most important for understanding the full text? (Second question) There is a sentence that appears repeatedly in the text, emphasizing this point. This sentence is - "Build the railway to Lhasa"!
4. Get straight to the point, self-study and inquiry
Transition: Yes, we must build the railway to Lhasa, indeed It is not an easy task! During the construction process, what difficulties did the builders encounter and how did they overcome them? Read the text by yourself, highlight relevant sentences in the text, make comments based on actual facts or materials, and communicate in groups (students self-study and outline, group Discussion and communication)
5. Imagine the situation and understand the connotation.
Show the sentence: "Building a railway to Lhasa is indeed not a simple matter."
(For student exchanges, teachers mainly focus on the following points to provide random guidance.
)
1. Study "Difficulty 1"
(1) Understand the difficulty: "What is being built is a plateau frozen soil railway with the longest line in the world."
(2) Difficulties in experience:
①Contact the context and understand the key words: which sentences in the article explain what "frozen soil" and "altitude" are.
② Contact information to talk about what obstacles the plateau frozen soil brings to construction?
(3) Overcoming difficulties:
"Scientific and technical personnel are in the tunnel day and night Field inspections revealed the changing patterns of ice and rock temperature. After repeated observations, analysis and experiments, they finally found the temperature of concrete and the frozen soil."
Experience emotions from "day and night". "Repeatedly", what have you experienced? Talk about it in relation to real life.
(4) Emotional reading to stimulate emotions.
Fighting the wind and snow, fighting the severe cold, on the plateau where life is forbidden, this is an unimaginable kind of construction. When we experience this, how would you read this passage? (Guide to read paragraph 5.6 aloud. )
Teacher: So, when faced with difficulties, who doesn’t know-“Building a railway to Lhasa is indeed not an easy task!”
2. Study “Difficulties” 2"
(1) Understand the difficulties; "Bad weather and extreme hypoxia took turns to attack this team"
(2) Experience the difficulties: read to the readers what touched you Everyone listens and makes connections with reality or imagination based on the information.
(3) Overcome difficulties:
①Understand words: Which words reflect the hardships of scientific and technological personnel?
②Imagine the work of "forgetting sleep and food" and "day and night" scene.
(4) Emotional reading, sublimation of emotions
Teacher: The weather is bad, heavy and dangerous, what a special and dangerous construction! When we experience these, how will you read this What about the paragraph? (Read paragraph 8.9)
Teacher: So, ─ "Building the railway to Lhasa. It is indeed not a simple matter"!
6. Expand teaching resources and enrich image
1. Expand resources: The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project is enough to shock the world. [Supplementary information Overview of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project]
Teacher: Since this project is so difficult that it is unimaginable, why do we insist on "building the railway to Lhasa"? What do you feel about it?< /p>
Summary: It is the spirit of the builders to challenge the limits and create the first place. It is the spirit of the builders to overcome difficulties and fight tenaciously that enables them to experiment again and again, tackle key problems again and again, and fail again and again. Success time after time. The commandos and scientific and technical personnel shouted out the same wish again and again - "Build the railway to Lhasa! Build the railway to Lhasa!"
2. Connect life and inspire pride: This is the magnificent youth , this is a "song of youth" in the new era. They played the music of life and wrote a new chapter in China's railway construction! Let me tell you some good news. On October 15, 2005, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be completed three days ahead of schedule. The entire line was completed in 2006 and officially opened to traffic on July 1, 2006. Classmates, in order to build this railway, more than 400,000 compatriots of all ethnic groups fought on this desolate and harsh plateau, far away from their relatives and friends. How many young lives are buried forever under the snow-capped mountains, and how many people dedicate their blood and Youth, but it is precisely because of their dedication that it is possible to completely rewrite the history of Tibet not having access to railways, and that Tibet can truly become prosperous. Facing such a group of railway workers, what do you want to say to them? (Vivid writing)
3. Exchange the information you have collected on the development of the western region. Teacher's instructions: (With the help of pictures) Learn about the achievements of Shaanxi Province, my hometown, in the past ten years of the Western Development Program, encourage students to learn from the hard-working and tenacious fighting spirit of the builders of the Western Region, and inspire students to have a sense of pride in loving their hometown and a sense of responsibility in building their hometown.
7. Summary
Blackboard design
4*Build the railway to Lhasa
Build the frozen railway with the longest line at difficult altitude Earth Railway
Extreme lack of oxygen and bad weather
Constructors bravely overcome difficulties day and night
Forget sleep and food, and work hard day and night