Through this wall (2) surrounding the three Qin areas, and through a layer of fog, five rivers are merged into one river (3). We said goodbye to each other sadly, and our two officials walked in opposite directions. However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor. Why linger at the fork in the road, the child is holding a towel [6].
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Bo (650-676) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). At the end of Sui Dynasty, Wen Zi was the grandson of Wang Tong. 14 years, I gave you a secret lesson and awarded it to Chao saburo, which was written for Pei. I used to roam in Shu. Make up for the country's joining the army, committing capital crimes, being pardoned and dismissed. Father Fu joined Sigong's army and was relegated to the border for making trouble. Bodo crossed the ocean to visit relatives and drowned. He is as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu and Wang, and is known as "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty". Their parallel prose, harmonious melody, precise antithesis and neat sentence patterns. "New Tang Book Literature Biography" says: "After three hundred years in the Tang Dynasty, the article has changed three times without worry. Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizong were in great trouble. They stayed by the river, painted chapters and sentences, and were depressed. Wang and Yang made them. " Hong Mai pointed out that they "wrote notes, prefaces, tablets and inscriptions with parallel prose couples, which made them healthy for a while". (Volume 5 of Four Paintings of Rongzhai) Their poems have not completely broken away from the habit of algae painting in the Six Dynasties, but there is a magnificent atmosphere in their flowing beauty, which shows that the poetry style in the Tang Dynasty is developing in a new direction. They also made great contributions to the construction of five-character poems and the perfection of seven-character poems. Du Fu said in Six Poems: "Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo all had them at that time, but they were light and thin. Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " The evaluation is appropriate and fair. Among the four outstanding figures, Wang Bo has the highest talent and the greatest achievement. Wang Zian has twenty volumes. Jiang Qingyi, A Qingren, has a notebook.
To annotate ...
(1) Shaofu: the deputy chief of the county magistrate. Date, date. Zhou Shu, in today's Chongqing, Sichuan.
(2) The gate refers to Chang 'an. The watchtower in front of the palace is called Que. Auxiliary Sanqin, auxiliary Sanqin is the center of Sanqin. Today's Shaanxi area was the State of Qin in ancient times. Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, which was divided into three countries: Yong, Sai and Zhai, hence the name Sanqin.
(3) Wind smoke refers to natural scenery. Wujin, a section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from Yan Kui to Qianwei, includes Baihuajin, WanLi Tianjin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnan Tianjin, collectively referred to as Wujin.
(4) officials, people who travel far and wide in order to be officials.
5. Two sentences in the sea: Cao Zhi's "Wang Biao for a White Horse": "My husband is ambitious all over the world, and Wan Li kisses you. Love is not a loss, but a distant day. " That's what it means. Close neighbor or close neighbor? In ancient times, five families were connected.
(6) Doing nothing: Advise Du not to be sad because of parting, and not to touch the towel with tears like young men and women. Doing nothing means not using it. Nothing, no pass. A fork in the road, a fork in the road, refers to where we broke up.
Farewell to Vice Governor Du (Tang)
You leave the walled capital.
A bank shrouded in mist.
I feel the sadness in my heart when I leave:
Our hometown is far apart.
If you have a bosom friend on earth,
He is near the end of the world.
At the crossroads where we said goodbye,
Don't cry like a woman!
Tr。 allow
Farewell to Sichuan magistrate Du
Bo Wang
In the capital city bounded by Sanqin,
Gazing at the scenery of five ferries,
Those of us who have served in posts far from home
Now we must say goodbye to each other.
Close friends are close friends wherever they go;
Even at the end of the earth, you seem to be next door.
Before this intersection, we should not be like children.
Tears soaked our handkerchiefs.
Tr。 Zhang
Make an appreciative comment
This is a farewell poem, which was written by Wang Bo when he was in Chang 'an. Once, he sent a friend named Du to Shu as an official. His friend could not bear to part with Chang 'an, so Wang Bo wrote this poem for him. This poem is so well written that the friend Du is forgotten, but it is still recited by people.
The first sentence of the poem is about Chang 'an, which is also a farewell place. Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was a bustling city where people gathered at that time, not to mention there were close friends there, which made people even more nostalgic. Now, the poet and his good friend will leave here. The good friends walked and looked back at Chang 'an. It's really a towering city wall and a rugged palace. They looked around the suburbs, surrounded by the land of Sanqin, and the situation was dangerous. It really deserved to be a famous historical city. "Take this opportunity to surround the wall of the third district of Qin", what rich content these five words contain!
The second sentence is about the place you want to go-Zhou Shu. Du Shaofu will leave Chang 'an and go to the distant Shu after a difficult and tortuous road. And where the hell is Shudi? "Through a layer of fog, the five rivers will be merged into one"-they are looking forward to it, and the place with that layer of fog is where Du Shaofu is going.
In the two poems, they sometimes look back at Chang 'an and sometimes look at Shu. Only by describing the scenes and scenery of the two places can we well show the feelings of reluctance between friends. Parting without words, the feeling of parting is complete, really romantic without words.
The third to eighth sentences are the poet's direct exposition. In ancient times, leaving the capital to be an official in other places often meant political defeat, not to mention that Du Shaofu was going to Sichuan in the southwest! We can imagine that Du Shaofu is depressed. How to comfort friends? The poet writes in distinct layers.
The third and fourth sentences describe the immediate feelings, which means that in Beijing and Sichuan, the meaning of parting is the same, so don't be full of sadness just because you are in Sichuan. You left Chang 'an for Shu to be an official; And I was in Chang 'an, didn't I leave my hometown just to be an official? So although we are in different places, after all, it is "our two officials run counter to each other"! Since I have the same feeling of parting with you, in Chang 'an and Sichuan, don't be sad because of this long journey. The sentences of "being with you" and "being with you" are written in different ways, sincere and cordial, and very touching if they come from the heart.
Du Shaofu will be moved by his friend's feelings. But he may have an idea: even so, after all, it's a long way to go, and there are no friends! Five or six sentences in the poem are aimed at this kind of psychology, imagining the scene after separation, and saying from the front what attitude should be adopted: "However, China keeps our friendship and heaven keeps our neighbors." As long as there are like-minded friends in the world, even if they are far apart, they can encourage and inspire each other. When they think of each other, they will feel kind and comforted. Is this different from being close at hand? Besides, these two poems have deeper meanings. Cao Zhi said in "Wang Biao for a White Horse": "The husband is ambitious in the four seas, and Wan Li is still close to his neighbors." Wang's poems are obviously from Cao's poems. This enriches the meaning of the poem: since you have some ambition to do your career, what is there to be sad about even if you are at the ends of the earth? It's really emotional, logical and comprehensive.
The last two sentences of the poem come back to our eyes from five or six sentences, but from the opposite side, what should not be done. Although I broke up with my friends in Shu this time, my friendship with them is long-lasting. I will accompany him to his post and spend the winter and spring of his career. Therefore, when leaving, naturally, we should not say goodbye with tears like boys and girls. The conclusion summarizes the whole article, and we can see the affection in it.
After describing all kinds of parting situations, Jiang Yan of Liang Dynasty once said with confidence: "Take the other side indefinitely, don't pay attention to ten million. If there is anything else, there must be resentment, and resentment will be beneficial. " (Beppu) regards "resentment" as an inevitable phenomenon of parting. But this poem turns sadness into joy, and writes the feelings of parting boldly and boldly. Between the lines, it not only shows the poet's own broad mind and lofty aspirations, but also is full of deep affection and encouragement for his friends and full of positive and enterprising spirit. How to use such a poem to inspire a friend who travels far away and not let him feel the warmth and strength of friendship? How can we not let him set foot on the journey and fly away happily?
This poem first explains the farewell place and the place to go in two sentences, and then focuses on writing an open and bold farewell. Writing farewell is another two sentences. Write your feelings of parting first, and then write your feelings after parting. Finally, you don't have to hurt your farewell, it's hierarchical and structured. It has always been praised by people to express their feelings directly in plain language, express deep friendship and broad mind.
Wang Bo: Ren Zhoushu of Du Shaofu
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
Now let's talk about a five-character poem, first, because it is also a famous work in the early Tang Dynasty, and second, add a little five-character poem.
Artistic skills.
Author Wang Bo, Zi Zi An, grandson of Wang Tong, son of Wen Zi, nephew of Wang Ji, son of Gao Dong. He has been able to write poems since he was a child.
Ying Jinshi mentioned that he was not yet twenty years old. But he is arrogant and often offends people because of his articles. Living in Jiannan (Sichuan),
I have nothing to do for years. It was hard to make up for Guo's state of joining the army. Soon, he was fired for something. And his father's property.
Demote this official to a county magistrate. He went to Jiaodian to visit relatives and drowned while crossing the sea. He is only 28 years old. His collection of poems and essays.
There used to be 30 volumes and many works, but now there are only more than 80 poems. Wang Teng, who was selected for "The View of Ancient China People"
Preface to Pavilion is his most famous work.
The title of this poem is "Farewell to Vice Governor Du to be an official in Shu", which is more clear in some anthologies. There is a man.
A friend named Du went to Sichuan as a county magistrate, and the author wrote this poem to see him off. The official system of Tang dynasty, county order.
Generally known as the "order", there are "Cheng" to deal with civil affairs and "Wei" to deal with military affairs under the county order. Wencheng Wuwei,
Assisting the county magistrate is an official position. When writing letters and bamboo slips, or in official documents, literati often use "Mingfu" as the honorific title or proxy of county magistrate.
Word, XianCheng called "ZanFu", county commandant called "ShaoFu". These nouns often appear in the titles of Tang poems.
Now the title of this poem is "Du Shaofu", which indicates that he will become a county commandant.
Zhou Shu is Shu Jun. Chengdu, from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, is Shu County. In the early Tang Dynasty, the county was changed to a state, so Wang Bo was renamed Zhou Shu.
But then Chengdu was renamed Yizhou, not Zhou Shu. Therefore, although Wang Bo changed the county character to the state character, he still used the ancient place names.
Annotators have always quoted "Zhou Shu" in the Book of Old Tang Dynasty as an annotation. This Shu state is the second year of the marquis of Wu (AD
In 686), four counties were set up from Yizhou. At that time, Wang Bo was already dead, and he could not know this Shu country.
The first couplet of this poem is the point. The last sentence "This wall surrounds three Qin areas" means a rich place, each of which
Every city has helped Sanqin. "Wujin" in the next sentence is a substitute word for Zhou Shu. "Wind smoke" is a landscape. this
I see the scenery in Zhou Shu. The last sentence is addressed to Du Shaofu: You don't go to a remote place to be an official, but
Is to be an official in a place that has made an important contribution to Kyoto. The next sentence is from the standpoint of farewell: when you leave, I can only
Look at the scenery over there.
It is the custom of intellectuals in the Tang Dynasty to send people long distances and write poems. A complete Tang poem, a farewell poem.
It accounts for a large proportion. The practice of this kind of poems is mostly to use the first two periods to give consideration to the subject and object. example
For example, Cui Shu's poem "Song Boat to Send Xue" says: "Without media, you will lose your way, and if you have a way, you will also take advantage of it." The first sentence is about yourself, because there is no
People introduced, so far unemployed. The second sentence is about Xue Zhi: You are a man of insight, but you have to beg for food by boat. Lang Shiyuan's "Send"
The poem "Assistant Minister Sun Going to Comfort" first goes: "Spring Garden sees Xiangchuan alone and flies south." This is also the first sentence.
Say yourself: Look at the Xiangshui River Valley in the Spring Garden, where you went by yourself. Compliment assistant minister sun for the second time. This trip is as high as an eagle.
Go to Chutian. Lu Shi's poem "Send Zheng Sicang to Shu" begins with two lines: "Far away people are in the north of Danshui, and tourists are in the east of Jincheng." Use "leave"
People and tourists, point out the word "send" in the title. Use "fresh water" and "golden city" to point out the word "Shu". Bo Wang
This poem uses the same method, but it is more balanced. The last sentence expresses the relationship between Du Shaofu, Zhou Shu and Chang 'an.
This sentence expresses the relationship between the author, the author and Zhou Shu.
The poem "Qin surrounded this wall" has always had different expressions. Most people think that "Chengque" refers to Chang 'an, Kyoto. if
According to the sentence structure, this sentence should be said to be "Chang 'an Auxiliary Sanqin". But if you think about it in principle, let's just say so.
It doesn't make sense. The relationship between Beijing and suburban counties will always be that suburban counties help Beijing, and it cannot be said that Beijing helps suburban counties. So a person
Most people say that "Chang 'an is supplemented by Sanqin", which makes the word "auxiliary" a passive verb. Even if this is true, this
What does a poem have to do with the title?
So some people think that the "gate" should refer to Zhou Shu. However, as soon as I saw the word "que", I thought of Gongque and Shu.
Since the state is not Kyoto, how can there be a "gate"? So Wu Changqi said, "Shu is called the city gate to show its strength." He comes from
Seek historical explanation. Bashu is the founding place of Liu Bei, and Chengdu is the capital of Shu, so you can also use "City Que".
The word "deficiency" has long existed in the Book of Songs. "You are great, you are in town." This is Zheng Fengzi.
The poem "Ji" Kong Ying Da commented: "It is said that there are other high pagodas in the city, none of which are palace pagodas." He has been worried that readers will misunderstand Beijing.
The Forbidden City in the city, so it is clear that the Forbidden City is a city wall with many tall buildings. As long as it is a big city in the county, there are highlands on the top of the city.
Buildings can be called city gates. At the same time as the hole. Of course, it is not special that he uses "city gate" as a general noun.
Refers to Kyoto. Look at the "city gate" in Tang poetry, of course, some refer to Chang 'an, and some do not refer to Chang 'an. Look at Qin.
Chuanshi said: "The mountains and rivers are clear and far away, and the city is heavy." This "city gate" is mostly. On Chu Zhuangwang Temple by Han Yu
As the saying goes, "clothes are everywhere, and even the clouds, grass and trees are in the city." Wei's poem "Send a Girl to Li Shang" said: "Lonely to the city.
Que, melancholy back to Chai Jing. "These' gates' obviously do not refer to Chang 'an.
Bashu is a fertile land. Since the opening of the plank road in Qin and Shu, Qin people have been living on Pakistan.
Shu support. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, all the documents about the economic relations between Qin and Shu have said so. Chen Zi at the same time as Wang Bo.
Ang also said, "Shu is a metropolis in the southwest, a treasure house of the country, and there are many treasures in the world. The people are rich in millet and go down the river.
You can help China. "("Qiang Sheng Jian Shu ") Later, Du Fu also said:" The land in Shu is fertile, with abundant products. " .
For the life of the king. "("on Bashu Anbiao ") can be seen sent, and the first sentence praised Shu.
China cities are supporters of Sanqin, which also represents the general view. But there are still many people who insist on Tang poetry.
"City Que" refers to Chang 'an, so this poem is very unreasonable. I think it is necessary to have a detailed debate here.
The annotation of the sentence "Five Rivers are United by a layer of fog" always thinks that "Wujin" refers to Zhou Shu's dangerous terrain, and "wind and smoke" refers to the distance.
I can't see clearly. Tang Ruxun explained: "Although Zhou Shu is in danger of the Five Jin Dynasties, it is actually the auxiliary of the Three Qin Dynasties, so just look at the wind and smoke there."
Today's departure is still an official tour, not a departure. "He said this, we can see that he didn't really have the words" wind and smoke ".
Understand clearly, the more you say it, the more wrong it is.
The "wind smoke" I said is "scenery", which I realized only recently. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote an article "Feeling Old".
Fu was written in memory of Luoyang. There is a saying: "the land does not change the city, like smoke." This is also based on
"City Que" to "Wind Smoke" means that the city que remains the same and the scenery remains the same. Wang Bo's poem was written entirely according to the correct method of Emperor Taizong.
It can be seen that this "wind smoke" should be interpreted as "scenery". In order to level the relationship, the Tang people often changed their vocabulary. The word "Jing" is squeaky,
The word "smoke" is flat. When a flat voice is needed, "scenery" may be changed to "wind smoke". Li Bai's Spring Banquet: Peach and Plum
There is a saying in Preface to the Garden: "I use articles in big festivals and ask me to smoke in spring." This "smoke scene" is also a "landscape".
Now, let's talk about the second couplet. The author said: I left you here today, which is also the feeling of a wandering official.
Meaning. Leaving one's hometown to study in a distant place is called "tourist" or "study tour". Being an official is called a "wandering official".
Also known as "official tour". When you emphasize business trip, you use "business trip"; When we emphasize official business, we use "wandering official business".
The third point is that as long as there is a close friend within the four seas, although it is far away, it seems to be a close neighbor.
This is a comfort to Du Shaofu, but it is also a small compliment. For me, don't feel lonely when you are far away from Shu.
There are also close friends here, and we are not indifferent because of the distance. For myself, Du Like Shaofu, a bosom friend,
Even though I am far away from Shu now, it seems that I will meet in Chang 'an from time to time. These two sentences are the author's famous sentences, which are also found in Tang poetry.
One of the best famous sentences. But these two sentences were not created by Wang Bo. He is from Cao Zhi's poem "Wan Li is better than Jun".
Neighborhood "changes, he used the concept of" Wan Li is still a neighbor ",plus" harmony is different, and China holds our friendship ",which is very similar to Cao Zhi's poems.
It's different. Later, Wang Jian also had two poems: "Chang 'an has no old knowledge, and a hundred miles is the end of the world." "This is the inversion of Wang Bo's poetry.
Come and use it. I have to say, I stole Wang Bo's syntax.
The fourth is written after the third. Since "heaven is our neighbor", we are now at the fork in the road.
A family doesn't have to cry like children. Poetry writing methods often use vivid and concrete words instead of pumping water.
Image concept. When people cry, they should wipe their tears with handkerchiefs (towels), so they can use "touching towels" instead of crying. This kind of word
Eyes are called pronouns or pronouns. Pronouns are very convenient to find rhyme.
Although this poem and Wang Ji's Wild Hope are both five-character poems, the artistic structure of syntax is completely different. ( 1)
Wang Ye's first couplet is scattered couplet, not couplet. Du Shaofu's first couplet is a very clever one. Here, I
Students first see two kinds of sentence patterns in metrical poems, that is, the first couplet can be a antithetical sentence or a wrong sentence. (2) Wang Ye
The second couplet and the third couplet are the same antithesis. Tree to mountain, autumn to sunset,
"All" and "only", four tones and stable parts of speech, each sentence is a complete sentence, showing integrity.
The concept of. In this kind of antithesis, the ideological content of each couplet is independent and irrelevant. If you look at one
Looking at the second and third parts of Du Shaofu, we can find that every sentence is not a complete sentence. "We say goodbye to each other sadly", no.
To become a complete concept, we must read "We Two Officials Go Right" to get a concept. Therefore, from the perspective of grammar,
Generally speaking, Wang Ye's second and third parts are four sentences, while Du Shaofu's second and third parts are only two sentences. Come on, let's have a look.
Two pairs of syntax in metrical poems. Wang Ye's antithesis is called "confrontation". This is Liu Xie in Wen Xin Diao Long.
A collection of nouns in the book. He listed four kinds of antithesis, and antithesis is the most commonly used and lowest antithesis. On Du Shaofu in Song Dynasty
Koreans call it "flowing water pair", also known as "cross grid". Because literally, they are in duplicate; But from the table,
Now the ideological content is just an inseparable cross sentence. Just like running water, it keeps cutting. This opposition, art
High operability.
In this poem by Wang Bo, both couplets are in flowing pairs, which makes readers feel as fluent as prose instead of dialogue.
Express the feelings of parting clearly, thus becoming a famous sentence for thousands of years.
1978 1 7th of the month