"Enter the world" and "become out of the world"
——Starting from the poems of Du Fu and Li Bai
Wang Guowei wrote in "The Words of the World": " When it comes to the universe and life, a poet must enter it, and must get out of it. He must enter it, so he can write about it; he must get out of it, so he can observe it; he must enter it, so it is alive; "External, so there is nobility."
The first thing I realized from Mr. Wang Guowei's words was the poet's "entering into the world" and "coming out of the world." "Enter it" means that the poet wants to face reality, that is, "enter the world". "Beyond the outside world" means that the poet wants to transcend reality, that is, "beyond the world."
By "entering the world" and "coming out of the world", I naturally think of the two great poets of the Tang Dynasty-Du Fu and Li Bai.
Du Fu should be a representative of the "worldly" poets. Many of his famous poems were created based on his in-depth understanding of real life. If he hadn't had a deep understanding of the reality that Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty went to war and led to the displacement of the people, he could have written "The father-in-law and the wife were leaving each other, and the dust disappeared from the Xianyang Bridge. They held their clothes and stamped their feet to block the road and cried, and the cries went up to the sky." "You don't hear it" In the two hundred prefectures of Shandong, thousands of villages are growing with thorns and thorns. Even if there are healthy women to hoe and plow, the grass grows on the long acres without anything" ("The Troops and Chariots")? Without an in-depth understanding of the reality of the destruction of the country and the family due to the "An-Shi Rebellion", he could have written: "The country is broken, the mountains and rivers are there, and the city is full of spring vegetation. The flowers splash with tears, and the birds are frightened by the hatred of farewell" ("Spring") "Hope") poem? Without the in-depth appreciation of the scenery of Dongting Lake on the Yueyang Tower, could he have written the poem "Wu Chu is southeast of Wu and Chu, and the universe floats day and night" ("Climbing the Yueyang Tower")? If he didn't have a deep understanding of the mood of being happy to hear that the army had regained Henan and Hebei, he could have written: "But seeing where his wife is worried, she fills the book with poetry and is wild with joy. To sing during the day, you need to indulge in alcohol, and to have youth as a companion is a good way to return home" ("Wen" The poem "The officers and soldiers took over Henan and Hebei")? If he had not had a deep understanding of his life of wandering and suffering from illness for half his life, he could have written the poem "The endless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in. I am a frequent guest in the sad autumn for thousands of miles, and I am alone on the stage with a hundred years of illness" ("Ascending") ? If he didn't have an in-depth understanding of the miserable life of a thatched house that was blown apart by the autumn wind and was soaked in rain all night, how could he write "There are tens of thousands of vast buildings, which can shelter all the poor people in the world with joy, and the wind and rain can't stand as peaceful as a mountain? Oh, when?" I suddenly saw this house in front of me. Is it enough for my hut to be broken down alone and freeze to death?" ("Song of "The Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind")? ...
Li Bai should be considered a representative of the "transcendental" poets. Many of his famous poems were created based on his disgust and detachment from reality. It is precisely because of his disgust with palace life that he seeks an ideal realm that is completely different from reality and without any constraints, and then utters, "The same is true for pleasure in the world. Since ancient times, everything has flowed to the east. When will you come back when you have left?" "Let's put the white deer among the green cliffs and ride to visit the famous mountains. An Neng can crush his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy" ("Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell"); it is precisely because of his infinite emotion about the unsatisfactory career. , only then did he think of being independent from the world like the ancient hermits, "cutting off the water with a knife, the water will flow more, raising a cup to drown the sorrow, and the sorrow will become even worse. Life is not satisfactory in this world, and the Ming Dynasty spreads and makes the boat flat" ("Farewell to Xie Tiaolou, Xuanzhou" "School Secretary Shu Yun"); it is precisely because of his indignation that he is not understood and valued by others that he resorts to drinking to drown his sorrows, "Bells, drums, food and jade are not expensive, but I hope I will never wake up after being drunk. In ancient times, the sages were lonely. , only the drinker leaves his name" ("Jian Jin Liquor"). ...
When some people evaluate "joining the world" and "coming out of the world", they often add the words "positive" and "negative" in front of them respectively. This makes no sense. It is precisely because of these two completely different creative attitudes that it is possible for us today to appreciate these two types of works with completely different styles. In this sense, whether "joining the world" or "coming out of the world" is "positive".