First, the atmosphere created by the three famous works of the Tang Dynasty.
(1) The Tang Dynasty, with the largest territory in China, is the only unified Central Plains dynasty without the Great Wall. The science, technology, culture, economy and art of the Tang Dynasty are diverse, and the culture of the Tang Dynasty is inclusive, accepting the exchanges and learning of all ethnic groups at home and abroad and forming an open international culture. The Tang Dynasty and the Arab Empire at that time were tied as the most powerful empires in the world, and their reputation spread far and wide overseas, and they had contacts with Asian and European countries. After the Tang Dynasty, many overseas people called China a Tangren.
(2) The emergence of Tang Quanshi: The most remarkable literary achievement in the Tang Dynasty can be regarded as Tang poetry, with famous writers and poets emerging one after another. Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can and Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li He, Han Yu and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are several representatives. Their poems have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and detailed description of real life, including passionate frontier poems, gloomy and heavy "poetic history" and fresh and refined pastoral poems. The isomorphism of these poems has become an outstanding representative of China's literary achievements. Although there were still outstanding poets in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the overall level of regular poetry and classical poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, which made Tang poetry an insurmountable peak of classical poetry in China. Chang 'an, Luoyang and Jinling are the big cities with the largest number of "complete Tang poems".
(3) The science and technology section of the Tang Dynasty: Astronomers and monks and their party measured the meridian length for the first time in the world; Sun Simiao's Qian Jin Fang is a rare medical work. In 868 AD, the printing of Diamond Sutra in China was the earliest block printing known in the world. China's papermaking, textile and other technologies spread to West Asia and Europe through the Arab region.
Second, "All Tang Poems"
(1) The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty was written in the forty-fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1705), and was presented by Patten, Shen Sanzeng, Yang Zhongne, Wang Yi, Yu Mei, Xu Shuben, Che, Pan Hecha (10).
(2) In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), it was compiled in March, and the whole book was compiled and played in October of the following year. Based on Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Tong Qian" in Ming Dynasty and "Tang Poetry" in Qing Dynasty, the book uses the remains of inscriptions, broken inscriptions and miscellaneous books to fill in the gaps, leaving a lot of details and complete structure. In the book, the works of the emperor and queen are the first, followed by music and Yuefu, and the poets in the Tang Dynasty have biographies of the authors. Followed by couplets, escape sentences, celebrities, monks, Taoist priests, immortals, gods, ghosts, monsters, dreams, jokes, sentences, songs, predictions and so on.
(3) Complete Poems compiled by Zhonghua Book Company includes 3 volumes of Complete Poems by Shining of Shanghe, Japan, 20 volumes of Complete Poems by Sun Wang and 265438+ by Tong Yangnian. In addition, Liu has a brief comment on The Whole Tang Poetry, and Cen has notes on The Whole Tang Poetry. Zhang compiled the Index of Authors of All Tang Poems.
Third, "Qian Jin Fang"
(1) Qian Jin Fang, also known as Qian Jin Fang Yao, is one of the classic works of traditional Chinese medicine in China. It is known as the earliest clinical encyclopedia in China, with a total of 30 volumes. It is a comprehensive clinical medical work. Written by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty, written in the third year of Yonghui (652). This book is a collection of experience in diagnosis and treatment before the Tang Dynasty, which has a great influence on later physicians.
(2) Qian Jin Fang Yao summarized the medical achievements before the Tang Dynasty, and his first book, Sincerity and Practice of Great Doctors, was the basis of China's medical ethics; His exposition of "Special Volume of Gynecology and Pediatrics" laid the foundation for the independence of Gynecology and Pediatrics in Song Dynasty. The treatment of internal diseases advocates focusing on the deficiency and excess of cold and heat in zang-fu organs, which is similar to the systematic classification of modern medicine. Among them, the carbuncle of flying corpse (similar to tuberculosis) is classified as lung syndrome and treatment, and it is pointed out that cholera is caused by diet. The description of the prone parts of osteoarthropathy (osteoarthrosis tuberculosis) and the record of the relationship between diabetes and carbuncle all show a high level of understanding. The discussion of acupoint indications provides a standard for acupuncture treatment. The selection of Ashi point and the popularization of "same size" are quite helpful to the accuracy of point selection. Therefore, Qian Jin Fang Yao has been attached great importance by later medical scientists. Fang Yao also spread abroad, which had a certain impact.
4. The printing of Diamond Sutra is the earliest block printing known in the world.
The printing of Diamond Sutra (1) is the earliest known block printing in the world.
(2) Engraving printing was invented by the ancient working people in China through long-term practice and research. Since the invention of paper in Han Dynasty, writing materials are much lighter and more economical than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips, inscriptions and silk books used in the past, but copying books is still very labor-intensive and far from being suitable.
(3) Engraving printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Although movable type printing appeared in Song Dynasty, block printing was still widely used. Inspired by seal cutting, block printing was first invented in human history. Engraving printing is to paste neatly copied manuscripts on smooth wooden boards with a certain thickness. The thin and almost transparent manuscript paper is stuck on the front of the board, and the words become reflexive and the strokes are clear. The seal engraver used a carving knife to cut off the part of the layout without handwriting, and it became a convex font, which was completely different from the inscription on the tablet with a concave font. When printing, apply ink to the raised font, then cover it with paper, and gently wipe the back of the paper, and the handwriting will remain on the paper.
(4) As the earliest printing form in China. The earliest existing block printing is the Diamond Sutra printed in 868 AD (now in the British Museum), but block printing may have appeared around 2000. Block printing is known as a "living fossil" in the history of printing. Yangzhou is the birthplace of block printing in China, and the only city in China that has preserved complete ancient block printing technology. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage.
(5) Diamond Sutra. Buddhism in China is deeply influenced by Mahayana Truth School. On the surface, the factions expounded the Diamond Sutra, but in fact they expounded the Buddha nature and Tathagata nature. The Diamond Sutra is accompanied by an encryption spell to form a chanting ceremony. In addition, there are all kinds of bizarre induction records among the people. Prajna classic "Diamond Sutra" has been normalized, Confucian and superstitious, and it is particularly popular in China.