My Astel, look up at the stars. Oh, I wish I were a starry sky, so I can stare at you with thousands of eyes. "

The third stage of the first issue: Plato and Aristotle

This passage is from Socrates' point of view, precisely, from philosophy to science.

Point to a scientific point of view. Philosophy as a science began with Plato [and Aristotle]

It's done. Compared with all other philosophers, they should be called human teachers.

(1) according to Michler, the second edition, English translation, the second volume, the first page. -Translation

First, Plato

Plato also belongs to Socrates school. He is Socrates' most famous friend and disciple.

He grasped the whole truth of Socrates' basic principle, that is, the essence lies in consciousness.

Admit that essence is the essence of consciousness. In other words, it is absolutely in the mind, and everything is real.

This is thinking-not one-sided thinking or bad idealism, according to

Bad idealism, thought and sidelined, is considered to be conscious thought, and

Contrary to reality, it refers to thought in this sense: in a unity, thought is not just

It is thinking and reality, and it is the concept and reality in the process of scientific development.

In other words, thought is a scientific whole concept. Socrates put the right of conscious thinking

Efficiency improvement is the principle, and Plato extended the abstract thinking right to science.

In the domain. He abandoned Socrates' thought of independence and freedom as the essence and purpose of conscious will.

Narrow view, and further realize that this view is the essence of the universe. He once expanded Sugra.

The end of the principle, and developed the method of explaining and deducing this principle, although his script may not be finished yet.

This is all scientific.

Plato's works are undoubtedly the most beautiful gift that fate has reserved for us since ancient times.

One. However, his philosophy is not published in a systematic way in his works.

Therefore, the difficulty in explaining his philosophy lies not in his philosophy itself, but in.

His philosophy has been interpreted differently in different times, especially in modern times.

Clumsy people grope in many ways, or bring their own rough ideas.

In his works, he can't give spiritual explanations to spiritual things; Or put things.

In fact, it does not belong to philosophy itself, but only to the imagination of matter, just like Plato's philosophy.

The most important thing is something worthy of attention. But really speaking, only ignorance of philosophy.

Emphasize the difficulty of understanding Plato's philosophy.

Plato is one of the figures with world historical significance, and his philosophy has a world historical position.

As one of Wei's creations, it has played an important role in the development of cultural spirit in later generations since its birth.

Had a very important impact. Christianity, which itself contains this lofty principle, once relied on it.

Take advantage of Plato's great beginning, then become this rational organization, become

This super emotional country. Plato's philosophy is characterized by pointing the direction of philosophy to rationality,

Transcendental world, and raise consciousness to the spiritual realm; Therefore, the rational component will

Obtained the extrasensory and spiritual form of thinking. In this form, it is

When we realize the importance of consciousness, we enter the stage of consciousness, and on this basis, consciousness also takes.

Stand firm. Christianity once regarded the principle of man's bounden duty as a sacred source.

Then, or it adopts the principle that man's inner spiritual essence is his real essence, which

As a special way of universal principle. But organizing this principle into a spiritual world,-

Plato and his philosophy made great contributions to this work.

First of all, we should mention his life experience. "Plato is an Athenian, born.

Born in the third year of Olympia in 1987, or according to Dodwell, the first year.

In the fourth year of Olympia (429 BC), it happened to be the Peloponnesian Peninsula.

At the beginning of the war, that is, the year Perikles died. "[According to this statement,] he

Thirty-nine or forty years younger than Socrates "His father's name is ariston, and his family tree is OK.

Tracing back to Gaudrew, his mother, Borrick Tioni, is a descendant of Solon. His mother's uncle,

It is the famous Claudia. "(here by the way) for a period of time, in Credia.

Socrates said, "He is one of the thirty tyrants in Athens", and he is the most talented and outstanding.

So he is also the most dangerous and annoying tyrant. So Socrates was particularly criticized,

Said he would have students like him and Archie Vader because they

Frivolity almost brought Athens to the brink of extinction. Because he not only interferes with other people's education of children,

Then others have the right to ask him not to bring what he wants to do here when educating young people.

Implement. Deodoro, a Rennie, and Diagora, a Mero, were cohabited by the ancients.

It is said that he is a man who denies the gods. Sextus empiri once saved one of his songs.

A beautiful passage in this poem. ②

Since Plato was born in such a noble family, of course, there is no shortage of opportunities for education. male

I learned all kinds of arts that an Athenian should possess from the most famous wise men.

Education. "In the family, his name is Ali Stoll, and later he

The teacher named him Plato. Some people say that he got such a name because of him.

The width of the forehead; Some people say that this is because his speech is rich and extensive, while others say that,

Because of his plump physique. When he was young, he studied poetry and wrote tragedies. "

Like our young poets now, they began to write tragedies. Write "ode"

Poetry and hymns "(songs, lamentations, inscriptions). (1) in the Greek poetry anthology, it is still preserved.

There are several kinds of poems he writes, most of which are for people he loves; One of them is the most

The most famous is for one of his best friends, named Astel (star). This is bread.

Contains a beautiful imagination:

"My master, you look up at the stars,

Ah, I wish I were a starry sky,

So I can stare at you,

There are thousands of eyes. This meaning also appears in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

Leaf ". When he was young, he devoted himself wholeheartedly to politics.