Alexander? Sergeyevich? Pushkin (александрсергеевичпу) Pushkin was also praised by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings". Born into a noble family. He began to write poetry at an early age and studied at Huangcun High School, which was set up by the czar government to train aristocratic children. During my study, I was influenced by progressive December Party members and some progressive thinkers. Many poems published later attacked serfdom and praised freedom and progress. In addition to poetry, Pushkin's works mainly include the novel The Captain's Daughter and the poetic novel Eugene? Onegin, novella Dubrovski, Belgin's novels, etc. Pushkin was persecuted by the czar government in his creative activities. 1837 was killed in a duel arranged by the plot. His creation had a great influence on the development of Russian literature and language.
Pushkin has been inclined to revolution all his life and has waged an indomitable struggle against dark autocracy. His thoughts and poems aroused the dissatisfaction and hatred of the tsarist Russian rulers. He was exiled twice and refused to surrender. Finally, he died in a duel with others under the conspiracy of the czar government, at the age of 38. He grew up in a strong literary atmosphere. As a child, he was disciplined by a French tutor and received an aristocratic education. At the age of eight, he was able to write poems in French. His family has a rich collection of books and makes friends with literary celebrities. His nanny was born a serf and often told him Russian folk stories and legends, which made him appreciate rich Russian since he was a child and became interested in folk creation.
18 1 1 year, Pushkin entered Huangcun School, a school for aristocratic children, and began his literary creation career at the age of 12. 18 15 in the senior high school entrance examination, he recited his own Memories of Huangcun, which showed his outstanding poetry writing ability, especially the beauty and exquisiteness of his poems. In his early poems, he imitated the romantic poets Bachu Skov and Zhukovsky, and learned the styles of French poets Andrei Che Nier 17 to 18. While studying in Huangcun Middle School, he was also influenced by the French Enlightenment and made friends with some security officers who later became party member in December. His thought of opposing czar's autocratic rule and pursuing freedom was initially formed.
Pushkin went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Petersburg after graduation. During this period, he was deeply influenced by the December Party members and their ideas of democracy and freedom. He joined the Green Light Society, a literary group associated with the secret organization of December Party members, and wrote many poems opposing serfdom and praising freedom, such as Ode to Freedom (18 17) and To Chaadayev. 1820, Pushkin wrote a fairy tale narrative poem "ruslan and lyudmila". The story is based on Russian folklore, and describes that ruslan, a knight, overcomes difficulties and obstacles and finally finds his bride, lyudmila. Pushkin used vivid folk language in his poems, which was different from classical poetry in content and form, and challenged the aristocratic traditional literature.
Pushkin's works aroused the anxiety of the czar government. 1820 was sent to work in southern Russia, which was actually a disguised exile. During this period, he had more frequent contacts with members of the1February Party and attended some secret meetings in The Decemberists. His thought of pursuing freedom became clearer and stronger. Pushkin has written famous works such as Short Sword (182 1), Prisoner (1822), To the Sea (1824), and also wrote a set of "Southern Poems", including The Captive of Caucasus. These express the poet's strong desire for freedom. Since this period, Pushkin has fully demonstrated his unique style.
From 1824- 1825, Pushkin was sent back to his parents' village in Pskov, where he was imprisoned for two years and wrote nearly 100 poems. He collected folk songs and stories, studied Russian history, and his thoughts became more mature, and his realistic tendency in his creation became more and more obvious. 1825, he completed the first realistic tragedy Boris? Godunov's creation.
1826, czar Nicholas I ascended the throne. In order to win people's hearts, Pushkin was recalled to Moscow, but he was still under the secret surveillance of the czar police. Pushkin did not change his attitude towards The Decemberists. He had illusions about the new czar, hoping that Nicholas I could pardon The Decemberists in exile in Siberia, but his illusions were quickly shattered, so he wrote a political lyric poem "To the Prisoner of Siberia" to express his loyalty to The Decemberists's ideal.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory, which was the harvest period of his life's creation and was called "the autumn of Polkino" in the history of literature. He finished the poetic novel Eugene? He started writing from 1823. Onegin created the image of the first "superfluous man" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. He also wrote Belgin's Tales, Tragic Knight, Mozart and Charlery, Plague Banquet, The Stone Man and nearly 30 lyric poems. The postmaster in Belgin's short stories is a model of Russian short stories, which opens the tradition of shaping "little people" and his realistic creation is in full swing.
Pushkin moved to St. Petersburg in 183 1 and still works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He went on to create many works, including the narrative poem The Bronze Knight (1833), the fairy tale The Fisherman and the Goldfish (1833) and the short story The Queen of Spades (1834). He also wrote two novels about farmers, Du Blovsky (1832- 1833) and The Captain's Daughter (1836).
1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine Modern People. This publication was edited by belinsky, Necrasov, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov. Until the 1960s of 19, it not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became the mouthpiece of Russian progressives.
Pushkin's creation and activities are a headache for the czar government. They plotted to provoke the captain of the French gendarmerie, Dantè s, to desecrate Pushkin's wife, Natalya? Nikolayeva? Goncharova, this led to the duel between Pushkin and Dantè s in 1837. Pushkin was seriously injured in the duel and died on February 8, 1837 His early death made Russian progressive literati sigh: "The sun of Russian poetry has set."
Pushkin's works have exerted great influence in the world with their lofty ideology and perfect artistry. His works have been translated into all the major languages in the world. Pushkin's love for freedom and life in his works, his firm belief that light will overcome darkness and reason will overcome prejudice, and his lofty mission and lofty ambition of "illuminating people with words" have deeply touched generations. Genius masterpieces have inspired the creative passion and inspiration of many Russian musicians. Opera "yevgeny? Onegin ","Boris? Godunov, the Queen of Spades, ruslan and lyudmila, Zokan and so on are all great music works. Pushkin's lyric poems have been set to music and become popular art songs; Other works have also been adapted into ballets and become immortal classics on the stage.
In memory of Pushkin, people renamed Huangcun, where he was born, Pushkin (1the place where Emperor Catherine died in 796). Now it has become a famous tourist attraction, and the famous village of Poljinnuo is also nearby.
Pushkin's story (2)
Once, Nikita took little Pushkin for a walk in Moscow. Suddenly, a well-dressed fat boy came face to face. Nikita gave him a look, but I didn't expect it to annoy the boy. The boy threw a stick at Nikita's head. After Nikita was beaten, she stood with her hand over her head and waited for a while without saying a word, while the boy who hit her casually walked away.
Little Pushkin saw it in his eyes and hated it in his heart. He shouted, "Stop, little villain! Why do you hit people? " As he spoke, he ran after him, grabbed the boy by the collar and immediately gave him a slap in the face.
The boy dropped the stick and got into a fight with Pushkin. Nikita panicked and rushed over to pull them away and advised Pushkin: "My little master, you don't understand, slaves are born to be beaten and scolded! What can I do? "
Pushkin corrected: "You are wrong! There is a book that says that nobles and slaves are sons of God, and sons of God are born equal, so this little villain has no right to hit you. "
Pushkin glared at the boy, raised his fist and said, "You should apologize to my uncle Nikita, or I will hit you!" "
When the boy heard Pushkin say that he would fight him, he softened, bowed to Nikita reluctantly, and then walked away angrily.
Pushkin's story (3)
Pushkin, a famous Russian scholar, attended a dance before becoming famous.
He saw a very beautiful noble lady at the dance and couldn't help asking her to dance.
When this beautiful noble lady saw this little-known young Pushkin, she proudly refused his invitation and said to him, "Sorry, I don't dance with children!" " "
Pushkin smiled at this sudden rudeness and said to the lady, "Oh, I'm very sorry, I didn't know you were pregnant, so I'll invite someone else!" " "
Say that finish, politely left.
Pushkin's story (4)
1825 12 14, December Party Uprising broke out in Russia and was suppressed by the brutal czar emperor. Five uprising leaders were hanged, 100 people were exiled to Siberia, and more than 600 people were implicated. Many of them are friends of Pushkin. 1in the autumn of 826, the new czar Nicholas I recalled Pushkin to Moscow, trying to make his pen serve him.
"What would you do if you were in Petersburg on February 1825 14?" Tsar Nicholas I tested Pushkin.
"I will join the rebels." Pushkin answered without hesitation.
"Have you ever thought about this result?"
"Of course, wasn't my friend hanged by your majesty?"
Nikolai knew Pushkin was not so easy to deal with. If he is killed for writing several satirical poems, he will be laughed at for sure. It's best to control him and not let him write. So the tsar pretended to be gentle and said, "Pushkin, do you know why I told you to go back to Moscow?"
"I don't care about this. I had a good time in the country. "
"I also like poetry. I admire your genius. When you write a poem in the future, give it to me first. What do you think? "
Pushkin knew that the czar would personally review his poems, so he said bluntly, "Your Majesty will review my poems and I will deliver them myself."
After Pushkin left the court, he didn't take the Tsar and his conversation to heart. He still wrote political lyrics and political satires, praising the December Party members and condemning the Tsar.