Author: Wang Wei
Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen.
The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.
Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky.
These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
Precautions:
1, Chusai: the boundary of Chu. This area used to be Chu in the Warring States period.
2. Sanxiang: The floorboard of Li Xiang, Xiaoxiang and Steamed Hunan, which is in Hunan today.
3. Shan Weng: refers to Shan Jian in Jin Dynasty, the son of Dan Tao, the seven sages of bamboo forest. He used to be General Zhengnan, and he got drunk after drinking.
Rhyme translation:
Hanshui River flows through Chusai and then folds into Sanxiang one by one.
Jingmen joins nine tributaries and connects with the Yangtze River.
The Han river is vast, as if flowing out of heaven and earth;
The mountains are hazy and far away in nothingness.
The county town along the river is like floating on the water;
On the edge of the water and sky, the waves rolled and rolled.
The scenery in Xiangyang is really intoxicating and amazing;
I want to stay here with Shan Weng, who is often drunk.
problem solving
In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Wang Wei returned to Chang 'an from Hexi Great Wall. In the twenty-eighth year (740), he was promoted to the imperial palace. That autumn and winter, he went to Lingnan to preside over the selection of local officials. He crossed Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) and went boating on the Han River, and wrote this poem. Hanjiang River, also known as Hanshui River, is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. The title of this poem is Looking at the Han River.
Sentence solution
Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hubei, Hunan and other places belonged to the State of Chu, while Xiangyang was located in the northern border of the State of Chu, so it was called "Chusai". "Sanxiang", when it is said that Hunan hydrated water is Li Xiang, combined steamed water is steamed Hunan, and combined water is Xiaoxiang, it is collectively called Sanxiang; One is Xiangtan, Xiangyin and Xiangxiang in Hunan. In ancient poetry, Sanxiang generally refers to the north and south of Dongting Lake and Xiangjiang River. The mountain name "Jingmen" is in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. "Nine schools" refers to the nine tributaries of the Yangtze River. According to legend, Dayu harnessed water and dug a river to connect nine schools.
The poet was boating on the river, looking from a distance, and saw the mighty Hanshui River. He imagined that the Hanshui River crossed Chusai, Sanxiang, Jingmen and even Jiupai. Imagine walking on the river and looking at the horizon, what you see is limited after all. Wang Wei's genius lies in that he detached himself from the specific landscape from the beginning and began to write from big places, including places thousands of miles apart in the list. The first sentence is extraordinary, which lays a magnificent tone for the whole poem. With this as the background, the poet first laid out a vast Chu land, and then composed a composition with an unattainable prospect, bringing people into the blurred landscape.
The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.
The Han River surged away, as if it had been rushing out of heaven and earth; There are many green hills on both sides of the strait, and the clouds are lingering, and when it is bright, it is dark, as if nothing happened. The river keeps flowing into the distance. During the voyage, we saw the mountains on both sides of the river, some near and bright, some far and dark, and they were constantly changing. Before our eyes, it seems like a landscape painting: the rivers are vast and boundless, and the mountains are misty and continuous. Although there are only a few sketches and renderings, they are lifelike. This is just like Su Shi's comment on Wang Wei's poem "There is a picture in the poem". In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen once commented: "It is a poet's kind words, but it is ignorance." Besides, Beyond Heaven and Earth and Whether It Happens have added a kind of confused, profound and inexhaustible artistic conception to poetry. The so-called "endless opinions beyond words" have been handed down as masterpieces through the ages, and later poets have imitated and used them for reference. For example, Tang Quandeyu's "There are no mountains in the cave, but there are sails and smoke on the water", and Song Ouyang Xiu's "Pingshan fence leans against the clear sky, and the mountains are both there and there".
Later, the poet took the pen and ink back from the distant view and turned it into a magnificent scene.
Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky.
Just as the poet was looking into the distance, the wind suddenly blew and the boat he was riding was ups and downs. Xiangyang city in front of us is also floating with the waves in the river. The wind is getting stronger and stronger, the waves are getting bigger and bigger, the waves are beating against the sky, and the hull is bumping as if the sky were shaking for it. Before the storm, the boat sailed gently on the river, and the battlements stood still on the shore and hung motionless in the distant sky; Suddenly, the storm came and everything moved. A "floating" and a "moving", two verbs are beautifully written, which makes the scenery vivid and the poems elegant. Naturally, all this is just an illusion, because the ship is ups and downs in the waves and people's eyes are constantly ups and downs. The poet skillfully used this illusion to further render the majestic water potential of the Hanshui River.
At this time, the poet may have entered the realm of god and things. Sure enough, he was immersed in it and didn't want to go home. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
"Shan Weng", namely Jin Dynasty, son of Zhongshan Tao, seven sages of bamboo forest. According to the biography of Shan Jian in the Book of Jin, he was a general who conquered the south and defended Xiangyang. There is a beautiful Xi garden in the local area. Shan Jian often goes there to drink, have fun and get drunk.
Poets in the United States directly expressed their feelings, saying that Xiangyang is so beautiful that they should stay and get drunk with Shanjian, expressing their nostalgia for the mountains and rivers.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a five-character poem. The poet wrote about what he saw and felt when he climbed the Han River.
The first couplet outlines the vast momentum of Hanshui River by geographical location, which is the background of the whole picture. Zhuan Xu wrote that the Han River is vast and flowing for thousands of miles, and the water vapor on the river surface floats, and the mountains on both sides of the river appear and disappear. These two poems, one describes the vertical grandeur and the other embellishes the ethereal and far-reaching weather. From the stormy boat, the Necklace depicts the floating of the county seat where the river meets the sea and the shaking of the sky with illusion, which reflects the grandeur of the Hanshui River and the surging water potential. Couplets express the poet's attachment and admiration for Xiangyang scenery.
The whole poem has a broad artistic conception and great charm. Poets insist on what you see is what you get, always writing about their own visual feelings, using imagination and exaggeration to write about the great potential and rapid flow of water through human hallucinations. From the Hanshui River to the mountains, from the county seat to the far sky, it highlights the ancient and magnificent weather of the Hanshui River, with extremely broad vision and far-reaching realm. In this poem, Wang Wei naturally combines the painter's observation, the poet's thinking, painting skills and poetry techniques. The whole poem is lifelike, just like an elegant and magnificent ink painting, as Su Shi said, "There is a picture in the poem."
Appreciation of the full-text translation of Looking at the Hanjiang River