Poetry can be divided into classical poetry (that is, ancient poetry) and modern poetry (that is, new poetry) according to the time when the works were produced. China's classical poetry includes classical poetry, modern poetry, ci and qu. Let's talk about ancient poetry and modern poetry first.
Classical poetry is also called ancient poetry and ancient style. To put it bluntly, classical poetry is ancient free poetry. There is no limit to how many sentences, words and rhymes there are in each poem. For example, China's first narrative poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" has 357 sentences; Some poems have only two or three sentences, such as Liu Bang's Song of the Wind, which says that "the wind rises in the clouds, the weaver girl goes home, and Andrew bravely guards the four directions". Poems before the Tang Dynasty are all ancient poems, including The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu, San Cao, Tao Yuanming and so on. After the Tang Dynasty, poets also wrote many ancient poems, such as Fifty-nine Ancient Poems written by Li Bai. Generally speaking, the poems written by poets in the Tang Dynasty and beyond are all ancient poems. In other words, the words "Song", "Xing", "Yin", "Yin", "Nong", "Cao" and "Qu" in the title of the poem should all belong to classical poetry, such as Li Bai's Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Du Fu's Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage and Bai Juyi's Pipa Line.
Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, is a metrical poem relative to ancient poetry. Modern poetry was formally formed in the early Tang Dynasty. It includes quatrains and metrical poems. Four quatrains * * *, each five-character sentence is called Five Elements, each seven-character sentence is called Seven Rhymes, and two or four sentences rhyme. The first sentence can rhyme or not, and there is no requirement for confrontation. There are * * * eight sentences, five words in each sentence are called five rhymes and seven words in each sentence are called seven rhymes. Even the sentences rhyme, and the first sentence may or may not rhyme. Every two rhyming sentences are connected together, which is called first couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet. Parallel couplet and neck couplet must be opposite. Modern poetry should also pay attention to even and even words. There is a saying that "135 doesn't matter, 246 is clear." For example, Du Fu's "Guests Arrive", "One Night in a Foreign Country", "Sleeping in a Pavilion" and "Climbing Yueyang Tower" which we are familiar with are very typical metrical poems.
What's the difference between ancient poetry and modern poetry?
Difference:
First, the number of sentences in each ancient poem can be more or less; Every modern poem has definite sentences, but there are only four quatrains and eight metrical poems.
Second, the number of words in classical poetry is uncertain, including four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous words; Modern poetry and sentences have definite characters, and only five or seven words are popular, so they cannot be added or subtracted at will.
Third, the rhyme of ancient poetry is not rigorous, and its rhyme can be even and varied; Modern poetry has a strict rhythm. Generally speaking, it should be balanced in sound and rhyme, rhyme to the end, and don't change the rhyme.
Fourthly, classical poetry requires a wide range of rhymes; Most modern poems have strict requirements on the level of words.
Fifth, classical poetry does not require antithesis; In addition to quatrains, modern poetry also requires antithesis in a designated position.
In learning, we can't think that eight poems are all metrical poems and four poems are quatrains, because a fixed number of sentences is not the most essential feature of modern poetry. The most essential feature of modern poetry is to pay attention to parallelism, and the basic requirement is parallelism, because parallelism is the most important factor in the formation of modern poetry. In terms of rhyme, except the first sentence, modern poetry rhymes every other sentence. Generally, only flat rhymes are used instead of "rhyming", that is, rhyme feet must only use words with the same rhyme. In modern poetry, quatrains do not require antithesis, while metrical poems pay attention to antithesis, sometimes called antithesis, which means that the words in the corresponding positions in two sentences want to be correct, the parts of speech require the same, and the grammatical structure wants to be similar.