Su Shi went from Mizhou to Xuzhou to take up his post. In this year, the flood burst its banks to flood Cao Village, and when it overflowed on the water margin, it would overflow the South Qinghe River.
Surrounded by two mountains in the south of the city, Lvliang is narrow, which blocks the flood discharge. The water collects at the foot of the city, and it can't be discharged in time if it keeps rising. The city is about to be washed away, and the rich people are vying to escape from the city to avoid water.
Su Shi said, "If all the rich people leave the city, it will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend the city with?" As long as I am here, the water will never rush to the city. " Drive the rich people back to the city.
wearing coarse cloth shoes and leaning on a wooden stick, Su Shi personally went to Wuweiying, and exhaled the commander, saying, "The river is going to rush into the city, and it is urgent. Even the imperial guards should do their best for me." The pawn commander said, "It's time for us villains to serve you, because the prefect still doesn't escape the flood."
So he led the crowd out of the city in short clothes and bare feet with a dustpan and shovel, built a long embankment from the southeast, started the circus, and reached the city gate. Because of the long dike, the water rose to the bottom of the long dike, which did not harm the city, and the people's hearts were stable.
However, it keeps raining day and night, and the water is getting stronger. There are still six feet in the city. Su Shi lived in the city and didn't go in when he passed by the door, leaving the officials to stay in various places respectively.
Finally, the city was saved, and this situation was reported to the superior, and it was requested to increase the labor service next year and build more wooden banks in the old city to prevent the flood from coming again. The court listened to his advice.
Afterwards, an imperial edict was issued to commend him, and Xuzhou people still miss him. The so-called "wooden bank" means that the branches of trees are made into bundles, which are connected and placed on both sides of the riverbed, and nailed firmly with wooden stakes to make the width of the river uniform, increase the flow rate, scour the riverbed and reduce siltation.
Neihan (Hanlin) Su Wenzhong Gong (posthumous title), a famous poet, Zi Zizhan, the eldest son of Mr. Su Lao (Su Xun, Su Shi's father). 2. Su Shi's full-text translation
Haha laughs me to death. As soon as your topic came out, someone offered a reward for the translation of the classical Chinese just now on Baidu.
In July of the tenth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (AD 177), the Yellow River burst in Caocun Village, Yizhou (now Puyang West, Henan Province), and flooded, "flooding in Liangshan Park and overflowing in the South Qinghe River", seizing the sight and entering the Huai River. The highest water level is higher than the flat ground in the city. "The water thundered through the gates, and the mud was raining all over the city. No one asked about Huanghua liquor, and returned to wash boots and socks at dusk. " People in the city were terrified, and many wealthy businessmen, dajia, rushed to flee. Su Shi, who had just taken office for three months at that time, was calm and shouted: "I am here, and water must not defeat the city!" It means "survival with the city", which settled the people's hearts in time. With the pressure of the flood, the ancient city wall leaks everywhere. He organized the whole city people to block the caves with firewood and reinforce the Yugoslav capital at the same time. Due to the shortage of manpower, he waded through the water and mud overnight and rushed to the military camp of Wuweiying. The imperial army was under the direct command of the emperor, and the state officials had no right to ask. His words were sincere, and he asked the commander to cooperate. Touched by Su Shi's spirit, the pawn leader immediately replied, "I'm too cautious to avoid scribbling, our little people, so I should work." I was anxious to make the foot soldiers follow the satrap to build a city with the cup. The flood outside the city is as deep as twenty-eight feet. Su Shi took the lead, "staying at home", sticking to the head of the city and sleeping in the wind. He also ordered other "officials to divide up and defend" and take responsibility for each other. The soldiers and civilians saw that the chief officers were trying so hard to protect the city, and they also worked together to fight the flood bravely. "Since the attached city in the city is a long embankment, its toes are strong, 98 feet long, 1 feet high and wide; Hundreds of public and private ships are afraid to walk in the wind and waves, and they are separated from the city to kill the anger of the river. " After more than 7 days and nights of continuous fighting, Xuzhou City was finally saved. After the water receded, Su Shi immediately rushed to the northeast of Xuzhou City to investigate the ditch river under Jingshan Mountain and tried his best to plan the reconstruction. And planned to build a stone wall levee, but it was not approved by the court. After approval, only a wooden dam was built. In the second year, the dangerous overlord hall on the circus platform was demolished, and the flood control project of the Yellow House was built on the east wall of the city with its wood. Soon got the imperial award.
"Five hundred years after I went to work, the water is endless.". During the 54-odd years from this flood-fighting to the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1624), although Xuzhou was constantly flooded, it was always safe and sound with a long dike as the screen. Future generations cherish the memory of Su Shi's achievements in controlling water and protecting the city, so they call the long dike he led the army and civilians to build "Su Causeway".
Su Shi also served as the local governor of Hangzhou twice, "living in Hangzhou for five years". Once, JaeHee was appointed as the general judge of Hangzhou in the fourth year of Ning's reign (AD 171). (Note: the general judge: official name, deputy governor of the state government, has the right to supervise the officials of the state government where he is located. All civil affairs, finance, household registration, taxation, justice and other affairs documents must be notified to the state or magistrate and the general judge's office before they can take effect. ), the other time was in Yuan You for four years (AD 189). During his tenure, he presided over the water conservancy construction in Hangzhou many times. "Sit on Chen Sance's own plan, but leave a promise to wait for my painting." The poem describes four things he did in Hangzhou: restoring six wells, dredging Maoshan River and Yanqiao River, renovating West Lake and opening Shimen of Qiantang River. The first three items were completed, but the fourth item could not be implemented because of the transfer.
Rehabilitation of six wells to solve the problem of water consumption for Hangzhou residents. Hangzhou, founded in the Sui Dynasty, is the end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. However, because it is close to the sea, "its water is bitter and evil", which brings great inconvenience to people's life and urban development. Tang Daizong Dali period (AD 766? In 79), Li Mi, the secretariat of Hangzhou, dug the six wells (six wells: Xiaofangjing, Baiguichi, Fangjing, Jinniu Pool, Xiangguo Well and Xijing, all of which live in the west of Hangzhou along the West Lake. ）。 "Cave flat thought concave pool, take the West Lake and note it, which makes the well also. Its merits are great, its costs are high, and its benefits are also abundant. " These wells, that is, underground reservoirs of different sizes, draw water from the West Lake and inject it through underground pipes. In the second year of Changqing in the Tang, Mu and Song Dynasties (A.D. 822), Bai Juyi, a great poet, was appointed as the secretariat of six wells, and the people relied on him. Song Renzong (AD 123? In 63), Shen Li was appointed as a magistrate, and he also dredged six wells, and added Shen Gongjing. When Su Shi was sentenced to Hangzhou, Shen Gongjing could no longer be used, and "six wells was almost useless", and the citizens complained bitterly. Therefore, Su Shi, who was concerned about "the sufferings of the people", and Chen Xiang, the prefect, organized the citizens to renovate six wells, and finally solved the drinking water problem in the city. The following year, there was a drought in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and water was as expensive as oil. Hangzhou residents, on the other hand, have been spared the long drought and water shortage, and the whole city "draws water and recites Buddha", feeling that Su Shi has done a great good deed. Fifteen years later, when he came to Hangzhou for the second time as the prefect, he found that bamboo pipes needed to be replaced frequently and were not easy to maintain, resulting in a shortage of well water and expensive water price. So he changed all bamboo pipes for water diversion into tile tubes and wrapped them in stone troughs to make the bottom cover thick. If you are careful, the water will be enough and there will never be any bad reason. " At the same time, it also opened new wells and expanded the scope of water supply, making "the West Lake is almost full of water all over the city".
Maoshan River and Yanqiao River are two big rivers in Hangzhou, which connect the North-South Grand Canal to Qiantang River in the north. Due to the mixing of river water and river water, since Tianxi (AD 117? Since 21), a large amount of sediment carried by the river tide has often flowed backward into Hanoi, which has affected the dense residential areas in the city. "The houses and corridors live in houses, and the practice is chaotic, and the garden is in a gap, which is like a mound." Every three to five years, the dredging has to be carried out, which not only hinders shipping, but also wastes manpower and material resources, and "residents are tired of it." Moreover, in previous years, the silt dug out of the Xunhe River was washed into the river after heavy rain, which made the Caohe River lose again. Su Shi "led the officials to personally inspect" and learned that the siltation of the two rivers lies in the waste of weir gates. So, he decisively mobilized 1, people to defend Jiang Bing and Xiang Jun, and spent half a year repairing the two rivers in the city. Then, he organized the military and civilians to build a sluice on the tributaries of the two rivers in series, so that the river tide would enter the Maoshan River first, and then open the floodgates and let the clear water enter the Yanqiao River to ensure that the main channel in the city would not be silted up. The Maoshan River is dredged regularly, which acts as a grit chamber. Since then, "the river tide no longer enters the market", thus avoiding the harm of sediment deposition. In addition, a weir was set up at Yongjinmen to divert water from the West Lake, which scientifically improved the water conservancy system in Hangzhou.
Today, the West Lake is known as a paradise on earth, which is also inseparable from the renovation of Su Shi. 3. Full-text translation of Biography of Su Shi
Full-text translation of Biography of Su Shi When Su Shi was ten years old, his father Su Xun traveled to four places to study, and his mother Cheng personally taught him to study.
When listening to stories about success or failure in ancient and modern times, Su Shi can immediately tell their main points. Cheng Shi read the Biography of Fan Pang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and gave a long sigh.
Su Shi asked: If I am Fan Pang, will my mother agree? Cheng Shi said: You can be Fan Pang, but I can't be Fan Pang's mother? By the time he was twenty years old (the age of coronation), Su Shi was very proficient in classics and historical records. Su Shi (who went to Xuzhou to take office), a flood burst its banks and flooded Cao Cun. If it overflowed on Liangshan Bo, it would overflow the South Qinghe River.
The water collects at the foot of the city, and the rising water will leak into the city from time to time, and the city will be defeated, and the rich people are scrambling to escape from the city to avoid the water. Su Shi said: If all the rich people leave the city, they will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend the city with? As long as I am here, the water will never wash into the city.
When the rich people were driven back to the city, Su Shi went to Wuweiying, and called out the commander, saying: The river is going to rush into the city, and it is urgent. Even the imperial guards should do their best for me. The commander said: If the prefect doesn't escape, we villains will certainly serve you.
So he led the people out of the city with cups, built a long dike from the southeast, started the circus, and reached the city gate. It rained day and night, but the city did not sink.
Su Shi lived on it, but he passed by the door and didn't go in. The officials were kept in various places, and all the soldiers went out of the city. Made a wooden bank in case the flood came again, and the court appreciated him very much.
Su Shi passed by Jinling (now Nanjing) and met with Wang Anshi, saying, "Daxing War and punishment were the signs of the demise of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The ancestors ruled the world with kindness and were planning to reform these things.
At present, there is a war in the west, and there has been no truce for many years. There have been many serious crimes in the southeast. Will you not say a word to solve this situation? "Wang Anshi said," These two things were caused by Lv Huiqing. I am not an official in the DPRK. How dare I speak? " Su Shi said: "If you are an official in the DPRK, you will speak, and if you are not an official in the DPRK, you will not speak. This is the common sense of serving the emperor. The emperor doesn't treat you according to general etiquette. How can you treat the emperor with general etiquette? " Wang Anshi said loudly, "Then I have to make a suggestion."
He added, "Today, these words came from my heart and were heard in your ear (meaning keep it a secret)." He also said: "People must understand that every incorrect behavior, everyone who is executed is not innocent, until everyone in the world does not do (wrong things)."
su Shi joked: "nowadays, all officials are trying to reduce the time of grinding and prospecting for half a year (equivalent to running-in and probation period), even if they kill people." Wang Anshi smiled and did not answer.
Su Shi often locked himself in the Imperial Academy and spent the night in the palace. He was called into the palace to meet the emperor in the temple. Empress Xuanren asked him, "What was your official the year before last?" Su Shi replied: "I was the deputy ambassador of Changzhou Youth League Training." The queen mother asked again, "What are you doing now?"
Su Shi replied, "I am now a bachelor of Hanlin who is waiting for a crime (modesty means incompetence)." The queen mother asked again, "Do you know why this happened suddenly?" Su Shi replied: "Because I met the Lord, the Queen Mother and the Emperor."
the queen mother said, "that's not true." Su Shi added: "Is it the discussion and recommendation of ministers?" The queen mother said, "Not really."
Su Shi said in alarm: "Although I have no moral integrity, I really dare not use improper means to get promoted." The queen mother said, "This is what the late emperor meant.
Every time the late Emperor read your article, he would say,' Wizards, Wizards!' But I haven't had time to promote you. "Su Shi unconsciously burst into tears, Empress Xuanren and Song Zhezong followed, and all the people who followed were moved to tears.
Then he was given tea, removed the golden lotus candle in front of the emperor and sent him back to the Imperial Academy. Extended information 1. Biography of Su Shi Original: (Su Shi) moved to Xuzhou.
The river breaks Cao Village, flooding the water margin, overflowing the Nanqinghe River, and meeting at the gate. If the river rises and falls from time to time, the city will be defeated, and the rich will fight for water avoidance. Shi said, "If the people are shaken, who will keep them?"? I am here, and water must never defeat the city. "
drive re-entry. Shi Yi called the commander of Wu Weiying and said, "The river will harm the city, and it is urgent. Although the army is forbidden, do your best for me."
The commander of the pawn said, "The prefect is still unwilling to avoid scribbling, so let's be a villain." He led his disciples out with a cup of rice, built a southeast long embankment, started the circus first, and ended up in the city.
it rains day and night, and the city doesn't sink. Shi Lu lived on it, but he didn't live at home, so that officials blocked it and defended it, and he died in the whole city.
2. Brief introduction of Su Shi: Su Shi, Zi Zizhan,no. Dongpo lay man. Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province) was a famous writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Su Xun, my father, and Su Zhe, my brother, are both famous ancient writers, who are called "Sansu" in the world.
Jia You, a scholar, was signed by Fengxiang government, advocating the reform of malpractice. Shenzong opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and exterminated locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements.
Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was then a bachelor of Hanlin, and he knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding.
Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievements of literature in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Most of Su Shi's poems express the feeling of bumpy official career, and some also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor.
and Huang tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, including remembering the past, remembering the past, giving answers, seeing off and reasoning, which has also broken through the strict rhythm and promoted the development of ci.
His masterpieces include Nian Nu Jiao and Shui Diao Ge Tou, which started the school of bold and unconstrained ci, and he was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Wang Yang's argumentative essays in Su Shi's prose are arbitrary, and the narrative structure is precise and clear. For example, Shi Zhongshan Ji, Fanghe Pavilion Ji and so on are both well-known works with Chibi Fu and Houchibi Fu.
and Ouyang Xiu are also called "Ousu", which is one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thought emphasizes "doing something promising", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "creating new ideas in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold".
Huang tingjian, Qin Guan, etc. are all out of their ranks after devoting themselves to promotion. Su Shi is also good at writing in regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
There are some surviving books, such as Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Appreciation of Folk Teachers' Papers and Several Articles in Sacrifice to Huang. The surviving paintings are "ancient wood and strange stones"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll" discovered in recent years is also his work.
Poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo. 4. Why did Su Shi become a great writer in this essay
Su Shi said to disciple Wang Gu in his later years, "Every time I read a classic, I copy it from beginning to end."
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, his friend Zhu Zai went to see him. Zhu Zaishang waited in the living room for a long time before Su Shi came out. He said, "I was doing my daily homework just now, and I didn't realize you were here." Zhu Zaishang asked, "What is your homework every day?" Su Shi said, "Copy Hanshu." Zhu Zaishang was shocked and asked, "Do you still need to copy books?" Su Shi replied: "This is the third time that I copied Hanshu. open