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Sonnet, also translated as "Shanglaiti", is a transliteration of Italian sonetto, English Sonnet and French Sonnet. It is a lyric poem with strict meter in Europe. Originally popular in Italy, Petrarch's creation made it perfect, also known as "Petrarch style", and later spread to European countries.
Petrarch's sonnets are neat in form and beautiful in rhyme. The main content is to praise love and express humanism. His poems opened up a new road for the development of European bourgeois lyric poetry in content and form.
Contemporary Italian poets and later some poets in other countries regarded Petrarch's poems as a model of sonnets and competed to imitate them. Each song is divided into two parts: the first part consists of two four-line poems, and the second part consists of two three-line poems, which are arranged in four, four, three and three. Therefore, people also call it Peterak's poetic style. Each line has 1 1 syllables, usually iambic.
Shakespeare's poems changed Petrarch's format, consisting of three paragraphs and four lines and a pair of dialogues, that is, arranged in four, four, four and two, with 10 iambic syllables in each line. Its characteristics are vivid image, ingenious structure, strong musicality and easy contact. It often summarizes the content, points out the theme and expresses the ideals and feelings of the emerging bourgeoisie in the last pair of dialogues.
"onegin Poetry Festival" founded by Pushkin: each poem festival contains fourteen lines, each line contains four light and heavy steps, and each step has two syllables;
Some of these fourteen lines end in a soft tone, which is called "Yin Yun" and has nine syllables (the last soft syllable does not constitute a step); Some people who have stress at the end of each line call it "Yang Yun", which has eight syllables; There is a strict coordination between the rhyme law of Yin and Yang and the rhyme law between lines of poetry.
There is an obvious difference in vowel length between ancient Greek and Latin, so both ancient Greek and Latin poems form a rhythm of regular alternation of vowel length, including short long grid, short long grid, long short grid, long short grid and so on. Ancient Sanskrit poems mainly rely on long and short forms to form rhythm; There are obvious differences in pronunciation between German, English and Russian, so poetry forms a rhythm of regular alternation of light and heavy sounds, such as light and heavy cases.
Syllables are composed of phonemes, which are the smallest indecomposable units in speech and the pronunciation marks after letter combination. Phones are recognized by hearing, letters by vision, phonemes belong to pronunciation system, and letters belong to spelling system.
The foot, also known as the foot, is composed of syllables, that is, the foot in English (applicable to the whole Indo-European language family) poetry is usually defined as the length of the rhythm, which is the basic unit of poetry rhythm. A sound group that expresses the rhythm of poetry. Also known as rhyme or rhyme.
Poetry actually has two systems. One is phonology, which is expressed by rhythm, and rhythm is expressed by rhythm, which is rhyme step; The second is the spelling system, which is expressed by syllable combination and rhyme steps. The two systems are intertwined and inseparable. Only by combining the two can poetry have its own form of existence, and only then can it have the beauty of rhyme and form.