The earliest and most complete six-character poems in existence are three six-character poems by Kong Rong.
Kong Rong
In the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo took advantage of the decline by causing chaos and tyrannizing power. All the officials were terrified and could not disobey, and the people were miserable and sad.
Guo and Li were at odds with each other and moved their capital to Chang'an to return home. It’s sad to look at Guandong and dream of Duke Cao’s return.
From Luo to Xu Weiwei, Cao Gong cared about the country and was selfless, minus the sweet and fat food in the kitchen. All the officials followed Qi Qi. Although they received a salary and were often hungry, they thought of me as miserable and cold.
Two poems about the fate of my concubine: Cao Zhi
Happily carrying his jade hand, he rode with him in the car and flew north to Yunge. The fishing platform is pure and empty, and the pond and swamp can be enjoyed for entertainment. Looking up at the green waves of the dragon boat, looking down at the branches of sacred grass. Thinking about the concubine Mi in Luohe, I retreat to chant the Han Dynasty girl Xiang'e. (Part 1)
The sun and the moon have passed away in Tibet, and they will meet in the orchid room and the bridal chamber. The lanterns illuminate the surroundings, making the sunrise as bright as the fusang trees, urging the bottles to sit and walk around. The master dances and sings, and the master touches the acupuncture points. Teng Gu Fei Jue Lanqian, the same amount, the same color and the same face. He can be with whomever he likes, and his face will be red and his hair will be blue. The sleeves follow the etiquette and the face is extremely affectionate, and the dancing fairy has a light body. The clothes are removed, and the tassel is left behind. He leans down and laughs without making any noise. Looking at the beauty's beautiful face, holding the golden goblet and emerald plate together. The hands are well-shaped and the sleeves are thick, and the wrists are like beads and rings, and the person sitting there sighs and feels comfortable. Next to you are the royal turban and rice noodle. There is Hona Douliang in the middle. The chicken tongue is fragrant with five flavors. Who can enter it? The kindness and love are unforgettable. The invitation is extended to a private banquet, but how late is the singing cup? The guest said he was drunk and returned home, but the host said he was still drunk. (Part 2)
Ji Kang has 10 six-character ancient poems, each of which has four sentences. Among them, six poems are "Only the Ancient Yao and Shun", "The Taoist Rules of the Tang and Yu Dynasties", "Dongfang Shuo to the Qing Dynasty", "Chu Zi Wen Shanshi", "Lao Lai's Wise Wife" and "Lament the Ancient Sages and the Original Constitution", praising the ancient wise kings. The wise ministers and sages express their admiration for the ancient sages. The four poems, "Wisdom Uses for Prosperity", "Name and Body Are Relatives", "Welcome to Life" and "Famous Behavior Reveals Trouble" are summaries of life experiences and lessons, embodying the author's life experience and rich life philosophy. . In Ji Kang's time, the "Sound Rhythm Theory" had not yet appeared, but Ji Kang's six-character poems not only conformed to the rhythm, but also had four sentences each, possessing the basic form of the six-character quatrain, which provided the basis for the emergence of the six-character quatrain. paradigm.
"Sadness of Humanity" by Xie Hui of the Southern Song Dynasty is the only long six-character ancient style in the history of the development of six-character poetry.
Fu Xuan's "Dong Tuo's Journey to the Nine Autumn Chapters", Yu Xin's "Songs of Resentment", Wang Bao's "Goguryeo", etc. are all written by Zijian. In the Tang Dynasty, it became the "Miaoxiao Ling" and "Resentment of the Exalted Immortals" written by Wei Yingwu, Liu Changqing, Wang Jian and others
The "Mao Xue Shi" written by Xiao Tong, the prince of Liang Zhaoming, is the earliest six-character three-rhyme poem. The poem goes:
It is the same as the plum blossoms scattered, and it is also like the flying flowers of Taigu.
It is as dense as Gongchao's wave, and as bright as Yuanke's wave.
Wuxian Kunyan is so beautiful that it is not as good as the flock of herons returning home.
Wang Bao of the Northern Zhou Dynasty also has six words and three rhymes:
The Xiao Xiao Yi water creates waves, and there are many beauties in Yan and Zhao. Overturning the cup and bowl*,*, hanging hands and dancing in sleeves. Don't hesitate to run out of gold, just fear that the day will be wasted. ("Goguryeo")
The last eight lines of "Poetry on the Festival of Resentment for Buildings" written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian, Xiao Gang, can be regarded as the prototype of six-character verse. By the time Yu Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty wrote "Songs of Resentment" and "Dancing Mei Niang", they initially possessed the basic characteristics of six-character verses:
I lived in Jinling County, and married a young man from Chang'an.
Looking back at my hometown, I shed tears. I wonder where the horizon is?
How many days will it take for Hu Chen to finish his work? When will the Han moon become fuller?
I can sing this song for you, and my heart will break. ("Song of Resentment")
When you come to the house, look in the mirror and look at yourself with a smile.
The eyebrows are thick and straight, and the forehead is light yellow and thin.
I only suspect that the fallen flowers will slowly fade away, but the spring breeze will not return.
Young people can only have fun, but drinking will leave you with residue. ("Dancing Queen")
Wang Wei has several songs.
Seven pastoral music (one is written by Wangchuan Liuyan, the sixth is written by Huangfu Zeng)
1 I am tired of seeing thousands of houses, passing by the north and south.
The official name has a bottom line, but who can spread it in Kongtong?
2 Goodbye to the thousands of feudal households, let’s talk about giving a pair of jade.
Zhen Sheng's couple is plowing the southern acres, like lying high up by the east window.
3 The wind is strong at the ferry crossing, and the sun is setting in the west of the forest.
The fisherman beside the apricot tree altar, the family in the peach blossom garden.
4 The spring grass is green in autumn, and the fallen pines are long and cold in summer.
The cattle and sheep return to the village and alleys, and children are ignorant of clothes.
5 At the foot of the mountain, there is a lonely village in the distance, and there is a single tree on the plateau on the horizon.
Back in the alley with a face full of beauty, Mr. Wuliu is opposite the door.
6 The peach red contains the rain, and the willow green contains the morning smoke.
The flowers have fallen, the children have not swept away the house, the orioles are singing, and the mountain guests are still sleeping.
7 Drinking wine will be near the spring water, and holding the piano will be leaning against the long pine.
The dew and sunflowers in the south garden fold in the morning, and the yellow beams in the east valley are pounded at night.
Across the Han River, I send my son An Yu Xuanji
The south of the Yangtze River and the north of the Yangtze River are filled with sorrow and longing for each other.
The mandarin ducks are sleeping in the sand on the sand, and the scorpions are flying leisurely in the orange forest.
The singing is faint in the smoke, and the moonlight is dark at the ferry.
The love is thousands of miles away, but every family is far away.
The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous era of Chinese classical poetry. Although six-character poems are not as popular and prosperous as five- and seven-character poems, they are by no means as rare as some people say.
"Ten Thousand Tang Quatrains" compiled by Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty contains 37 six-character quatrains. "Six Characters of Tang Poems and Paintings" published by Huang Fengchi during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty includes 57 six-character quatrains. "Ten Thousand Tang Quatrains" compiled by Yan Changming of the Qing Dynasty includes six quatrains. 50 quatrains. That is to say, the Six-Character Tang Poems and Paintings Collection contains the most quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Some famous six-character quatrains are not included (for example, Huangfu Ran has three six-character quatrains, while the Six-Character Tang Poems and Paintings Collection only contains two). , if you add six-character rhyme poems, three-rhyme poems, and six-character tone poems, the six-character poems of the Tang Dynasty are obviously far more than this number. According to statistics from "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", someone said that there were 75 six-character poems in the Tang Dynasty. ⑨This number is obviously not accurate.
The maturity and finalization of six-character poetry in the Tang Dynasty laid a good foundation for the development of six-character poetry. After the Tang Dynasty, the creation of six-character poems gradually became more and more popular. After the Song Dynasty, six-character poems became a common poetry style for literati to express their emotions and describe the scenery. "Thousands of Song Quatrains" compiled by Yan Changming of the Qing Dynasty includes 98 six-character quatrains by famous poets such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, etc., accounting for about 1/10 of the whole book. Famous writers of the Ming Dynasty, such as Yang Ji and Yang Shiqi among the "Three Yangs" in the early Ming Dynasty, Li Dongyang, a leading literary figure in the early Ming Dynasty, He Jingming among the "First Seven Sons", Yuan Hongdao among the "Three Yuans" of the Public Security Bureau, Yuan Hongdao of the "Jingling School" The leading figure Tan Yuanchun and others have six-character poems handed down from generation to generation. What is even more noteworthy is that several influential anthologies of six-character poems appeared in the Ming Dynasty, such as Li Panlong's "Six-Character Poems", Yang Shen's "Ancient Six-Character Poems", and Huang Fengchi's "Six-Character Poems". Tang Poems and Paintings" etc. The emergence of these anthologies has expanded the influence of six-character poetry and promoted its development. In particular, Huang Fengchi's "Six Characters of Tang Poems and Paintings" integrates poetry, calligraphy and painting, allowing readers to "read poems to explore the spirit of prose, copy characters to explore the meaning of prose, and paint to glimpse the ingenuity of prose"⑩. The dissemination of poetry played a great role in promoting it. Famous poets such as Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi, Zhu Yizun, and Yuan Mei in the Qing Dynasty also made great achievements in the creation of six-character poems.