However, I still use two examples, which I hope will be useful to you: 1: Antelope hangs on the corner, depicting poetry or art without trace, and Zen language. Metaphor is a "punch line" that doesn't care about the road and doesn't fall into words.
Song's Cang Bian said: "Poets praise love. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, people were interested in nothing but interest.
So its beauty is thorough and exquisite, and it is impossible to pool together. "2. Yellow silk young woman, nephew mortar This is a riddle, yellow silk (colored silk)-unique, young woman (girl)-wonderful, nephew (woman)-good, mortar mortar mortar (by Xin)-word (traditional).
This language comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu Wu Jie. Han Danchun wrote Cao E Monument. Han Danchun was only 13 years old at that time.
In front of everyone, after a little thinking, he wrote the inscription with a wave of his hand, and it was quite excellent. Cai Yong, a famous writer, went to see this monument when he passed by Shangyu, but it was already evening when he arrived.
In the boundless twilight, Cai Yong read the inscription with his hand, and then wrote eight big characters on the back of the inscription: "The grandson mortar of the yellow silk young woman". This is the origin! In addition, there are many good aesthetic sentences in classical poetry, but you will gain a lot by reading 300 Tang poems! .
2. Talking about the role of poetry in improving personal aesthetic accomplishment, artistic conception refers to an artistic realm formed by the integration of the life picture depicted in literary and artistic works and the expressed thoughts and feelings.
Also known as scene fusion. China's ancient literary criticism often measures the success or failure of a work by artistic conception, but it tends to be divorced from reality because it overemphasizes the author's personal subjective feelings and becomes a mystery.
However, today's ancient poetry teaching has gone to the other extreme, that is, a few words are strung together casually, and no one asks about the beauty and depth of artistic conception. If we only grasp the simple understanding of the text and give up the understanding of the artistic conception, this half-way teaching actually ignores the aesthetic education for students.
In fact, excellent literature and art have strong appeal because it can integrate emotion with landscape, meaning with environment. "Mountaineering is full of emotion, and watching the sea is full of emotion", that is, "all scenery and words are full of emotion", thus shaping a vivid artistic image.
Aesthetic quality education is an education to cultivate people's ability to feel beauty, know beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty. It is a planned aesthetic education activity that exerts a positive influence on the educated according to a certain purpose. Education must be carried out through contact with beautiful things or phenomena in nature, social life and works of art. Therefore, the teaching of ancient poetry should emphasize the reappearance of artistic conception, not just the simple understanding of words, but the artistic situation of truth, goodness and beauty, so that students can achieve the unity of knowledge, emotion and meaning in the learning process and be influenced by beauty, thus improving their appreciation level and aesthetic quality.
So, how to reproduce the artistic conception in ancient poetry? The ancients liked to talk about implicit beauty and often empathized with the scenery. "Love moves with things, words and expressions." In order to reproduce the artistic conception of ancient poetry, only by giving full play to the advantages of audio-visual teaching as a modern teaching method can it be realized by means of pictures, audio rendering, language description, sound and painting. First, the picture reappears.
This is actually to show the condensed situation in the poem, draw vivid slides or wall charts, and let students intuitively feel the beauty in the original poem. For general articles, if the author describes them in detail, students can basically arouse their usual images and reproduce specific pictures in their minds.
However, ancient poetry has its own uniqueness, that is, every word contains rich connotations, coupled with the leap of poetry and the differences between ancient and modern meanings. Although students can understand the meaning of each word under the guidance of the teacher, they don't know much about the classics of ancient poetry, such as "what is the success of this poem" and "what is the poet's expression". To draw a picture, we must first design it around the poet's emotions, truly reproduce the scene at that time, and create an atmosphere serving the theme.
For example, the poem "Send Baidicheng Early" was written when the poet was demoted to Baidicheng and was pardoned and recalled. The whole poem shows the poet's relaxed and happy mood. Where does this emotion come from? You see, a boat on the river comes with the wind, and the poet stands at the bow and puts the wine in the wind. The beautiful scenery on both sides of the strait is fleeting, just like a repressed heart disease (the poet was exiled by the court because he devoted himself to reform and the emperor listened to rumors), and it disappeared at once. The sky is clear and open, the scenery on both sides is picturesque, and the river breeze is refreshing. I remember what I just lost, and now it's miraculously back. Compared with the poet's heavy mood of going upstream recently, how can this happy mood be called "fast"? Secondly, we should grasp the poet's stream of consciousness and turn the poet's subjective lens into an intuitive picture.
Poets' inspiration is often based on emotion, but they are not limited by time and space when writing poems. The stream of consciousness is purely an undercurrent flowing in his mind, and the viewer can only catch shadows and chew words. Therefore, only by grasping the images in the poem can we objectively and concretely reproduce the artistic conception of the original poem and reflect the feelings that can only be understood and expressed in the picture.
For example, Night Sleeping on Jiande River was written by Meng Haoran when he left his hometown and drifted along Jiande River. At that time, the sun went down, birds returned to their nests, and cattle and sheep went down the mountain.
Seeing this scene, I was shocked, and the wanderer suddenly missed home and was full of melancholy. The bright moon rises, the river is quiet, and everything in the field has found a home, but the poet is still a "stranger" in a foreign land. How lonely! Yue Ming, it's just you and me tonight. Enjoy it.
In a trance (subjective lens): hometown, relatives and reunion are also bright and empty, full of flowers, noisy guests and family happiness! Suddenly (flashback to reality): the moon sets at the bottom of the river, and the river is noisy and haunts my ears. Suddenly, the poet thought of thousands of miles away, as if his hometown was in front of him: so close, the bright moon of his hometown! Third, attention should be paid to setting off the surrounding scenery when drawing.
Poets are often in a special environment when writing poems. "Songs and poems are combined into things", because something in front of us touches the poet's inspiration, so poetry is full of enthusiasm, creative imagination is fully developed, and under the traction of emotion, images with special typical significance and aesthetic value are sought. For example, if you can capture the sunset, homing birds and cattle and sheep coming down the mountain as a foil in "Sleeping at Jiande River", you will have the trouble of traveling far from home.
Another example is Jiang Xue, which shows the loneliness of Liu Zongyuan after his demotion. When painting, we should grasp the surrounding snow-capped, bird-singing and uninhabited scenery to set off the artistic conception of solitary boat and fishing.
Second, sound rendering. Music and literature are inseparable.
"There is a real meaning in this statement, and I have forgotten what I want to say." The artistic conception in ancient poetry can sometimes be understood, but it cannot be expressed. This has formed the obstacle of information transmission and feedback in teaching.
The proper use of music in the classroom can not only bring aesthetic feeling to students, but also create an atmosphere for reappearing artistic conception and build a bridge for emotional communication. The recitation of ancient poetry and the rendering of music with the same style can reproduce the artistic conception well and complement each other.
For example, Night Sleeping in Jiande is accompanied by sad violin music, the early release of Baidicheng is accompanied by cheerful piano music, and Jiang Xue is accompanied by melancholy erhu music, and so on. This will bring great convenience for understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry.
Making sound effects, its role can not be underestimated. For example, Chai Lu.
3. How to improve students' appreciation and aesthetic taste of ancient poetry? Mr. Tao Xingzhi said, "If you have two pieces of bread, you have to exchange one piece for a daffodil, because bread is the food of the body and daffodils are the food of the soul."
Poetry is the real "spiritual food". The passion of poetry runs through the blood of the Chinese nation. From the Book of Songs to the Songs of the South, from Tao Yuanming to the seven sons of Jian 'an, from Tang poetry to Song poetry to Yuan Qu, these famous sentences are like "big strings sing like rain, small strings whisper, hum, whisper-and then strewn at random, like pearls pouring on a plate of jade", which is dazzling.
However, in recent years, Chinese, the most emotional subject, has lost its "poetry", the teaching of ancient poetry has become boring, and children are trapped in the cage of narrow classroom teaching. Therefore, the new curriculum urgently calls for the return of Chinese "poetry".
First, reading+imagination, experiencing the life of poetry Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once put forward the idea of "three points for poetry and seven points for reading", and Bing Xin, a famous contemporary writer, also thought that "poetry is reading". Therefore, in the teaching of ancient poetry, it is necessary to give students a lot of reading time, so that they can get in touch with feelings and experience feelings during reading. In the words of the ancients, it is "feeling from the outside and suffering from the inside."
For example, Li Yu lived in a small building in Bianjing after her national subjugation and lived a desolate and lonely life in Lacrimosa. His "Hui Huan" describes a lonely and sad scene and expresses extremely painful sadness. When reading, the rhythm will be slow and the tone will be low. Read out the feeling of depression and sadness. Another example is Cao Cao's Watching the Sea, in which the author witnessed the magnificent scenery of the motherland and aroused a strong desire to reunify the motherland. Between the lines of the poem, there is a high-spirited spirit and vigorous feelings, and the image of an ambitious politician and strategist is vividly on the paper.
At the same time, in order to understand and taste ancient poetry, ancient poetry teaching must also actively mobilize students' rich imagination, reproduce the situation in poetry, guide them to deeply experience the poet's emotions and stimulate them. As the great thinker Aristotle said, "Imagination is the source of discovering and inventing all creative activities."
Every ancient poem with vitality is a poet's work that pays attention to life and society. Students need to arouse the thinking of images in their brains, reproduce a scene in their hearts, experience the life in the poem personally, enter the poet's emotional world, and share joys and sorrows with the poet. For example, the images used in Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" are fresh and concrete, and it is relatively difficult to reproduce them.
In the experience of "in the old days, when the road turns to the bridge, it suddenly becomes clear", the teacher can guide the students like this: "Well, please close your eyes and imagine yourself as Xin Qiji: in the middle of the night when the breeze blows, the bright moonlight awakens the birds and magpies, cicadas keep barking, and frogs seem to tell a story of a bumper year. Soon, it rained in front of the mountain.
What do we do? People are in a hurry: there used to be a thatched shop next to the trees in the land temple to shelter from the rain, but now it's gone. He crossed the stream from the small bridge and turned a corner. Suddenly, he was surprised to find the Maodian in front of his eyes. "When we expand our imagination and association in this situation, the artistic conception of poetry will be superimposed, and the emotions that the poet pinned on poetry will be revealed.
Second, perception+inheritance, awakening aesthetic taste. After years of elutriation, classic ancient poetry has accumulated thousands of years of values, personality spirit and aesthetic consciousness of Chinese ancestors, and contains rich moral and aesthetic factors. Undoubtedly, letting students read these classics in the golden age of memory plays an irreplaceable role in the cultivation of children's personality and sentiment and the cultivation of national spirit. Some students like to read Su Shi's Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Michigan.
I think it is because of Yue Fei's lofty patriotic feelings: "Bow like a full moon, look northwest and shoot Sirius", which deeply touched the children. Every time I hear them reading so heartily, my blood is boiling! Some students like to read "Looking west, wandering, sad in Qin and Han Dynasties, palaces and palaces are destroyed." Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die. "
Perhaps they deeply realized Zhang's deep sympathy for the sufferings of the working people in reading aloud, and even read out their hatred for the cruelty and greed of the ruling class. Therefore, their reading is particularly emotional and verve! All these are because the poet closely links his destiny with the country and society, which will attract, edify and inspire generation after generation. Vivid and concise ancient poetry, fresh and profound artistic conception. While students are in their prime of life, they will also be subtly infected and edified by "moistening things quietly", which not only improves students' cultural taste and aesthetic taste, but also cultivates their thoughts and feelings of loving Chinese excellent culture, and also washes and beautifies students' outlook on life, values and aesthetics.
Third, use+creation to insert wings for writing. Students can cultivate a good sense of language and reading comprehension ability through repeated intensive reading of classical ancient poems, enrich their accumulation, increase humanistic details, and also accumulate inexhaustible language materials for writing and improve their writing ability. Many writers and poets accumulated many ancient poems in their youth, which laid a solid literary foundation for their future writing.
For example, Yu Yi, a famous special-grade teacher in China, quoted poems such as "Spring City is full of flowers", "Trees grow dark in summer", "Liu Huaming in May" and "Xue Mei doesn't want to give up spring, poets stop writing and comment on chapters" in Poems of a Thousand Families, vividly showing readers the four seasons scenery in China. However, there are various disadvantages in students' compositions at this stage, such as poor content, pale language and lack of true feelings. How to make students write their feelings about life and burst into real sparks? In fact, ancient poetry is rich, and teachers can fully explore and guide it.
Many well-known ancient poems are told by poets who care about life and society, see with keen eyes, listen with smart ears and feel with delicate hearts. As Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Life is like a source, and articles are like a stream. The source is abundant and inexhaustible, and the stream flows naturally and lively. "
Life is colorful, and writing teaching without children's life scenes and emotional experiences is boring. On the contrary, composition comes from life, which provides students with the basis of imagination and is higher than life.
4. How to improve students' aesthetic appreciation of ancient poetry? China's ancient poems have been circulated for thousands of years, which are the cultural essence of the Chinese nation, the accumulation of traditional Chinese thoughts, feelings, aesthetics and wisdom, and the eternal classics of the Chinese nation.
You can appreciate the excellent spirit, morality and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation. Classical poetry is the most precious and abundant literary source for middle school students and even everyone. It can enrich students' thoughts, broaden their horizons and cultivate their humanistic quality.
Students can learn the clearest and sweetest water of literature from the source of literature, and they can also feel the profound classical culture when reciting ancient poems, understand the life, thoughts and culture of the ancients, and feel the classics in the same strain from poems, allusions and pictures. China's children should be poetic and bookish, and should find the power to calm their spirit and temperament in today's impetuous.
Therefore, ancient poetry is not only literature, but also a firm belief and spiritual strength. Learning classical poetry is the best way to learn China culture.
The teaching of ancient poetry and prose is actually to educate national culture in the form of literature. Poetry from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty and from the Chu Dynasty to the Han Dynasty is fantastic in writing, colorful, elegant in taste and pleasing to the eye.
For high school students, it is the most important goal to absorb the essence of predecessors' thoughts from poetry appreciation and feel the spiritual charm of poetry. However, contemporary middle school students have a considerable degree of fear of difficulties and alienation when learning ancient poems.
Chinese classics have become "antiques" that students can't digest, accept or even refuse to accept, and are far less popular than romance martial arts novels and popular lyrics. With the gradual deepening of the new curriculum reform, the proportion of ancient poetry in high school Chinese textbooks has increased, which shows that the country has begun to attach importance to the inheritance of ancient classics.
However, in reality, the rigid teaching mode of ancient poetry is often limited to piecemeal analysis and word-for-word translation, which leads to the fragmentation of teaching content and the decline of students' interest. They just stick to marked words, but they don't understand the meaning behind the words, master the method of appreciating poetry, touch the author's feelings with heart, and don't really fit the author's heart, which makes the non-literary tendency of ancient poetry teaching more and more serious. From the perspective of learning, students only stay at the level of translation and recitation, lacking the cultivation of interest and ability in appreciating ancient poems.
In addition, students' academic pressure and homework tasks are very heavy, which makes them lack too much time and energy to appreciate poetry, and the accumulation of classical poetry and related knowledge is weak or even barren. In addition, the current examination mode is more difficult. Students' knowledge and skills often make them confused and scratching their heads when facing the examination questions. It is difficult for them to gain a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from the study of classical poetry, and of course they will lose their interest in learning and motivation to move forward.
Therefore, in order to make students really like ancient poetry and carry it forward, they must really feel the beauty in ancient poetry and ancient prose, and it is imperative to cultivate students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry and ancient prose, so that students can discover the infinite charm of China's ancient cultural language through appreciation, like it and pass it on. How to improve students' appreciation interest and ability? Students' knowledge of learning classical poetry mainly comes from the classroom, so the classroom is the main position to cultivate and improve students' appreciation ability.
However, both students and teachers have problems in the classroom to varying degrees. Through the analysis of the questionnaire, there are the following specific questions: 1. Students have a weak foundation and lack of literature accumulation.
Difficult to understand words, embarrassed to read; Lack of expression ability, can not express their understanding well; Poor associative thinking makes it difficult to enter the artistic conception; If you don't master the basic technology well, you can't analyze its effect; Especially the latter two are the most obvious. 2. Classroom vision is narrow, and teachers rarely systematically guide and cultivate students' thinking.
As far as many classes I have observed are concerned, teachers generally attach importance to the training of students' abstract thinking while ignoring the development of thinking in images, which shows that they pay attention to the rational analysis and generalization of the contents of the works, but lack the excavation of language sentiment and implication, the perception of specific images and the appreciation of emotional factors and aesthetic factors of the works. The rapid loss of cultural heritage has turned the most educational, infectious and artistic literature class into a boring and dry technical class.
In order to solve the above problems, we take our own classroom as the experimental field, and explore from the aspects of reciting and thinking, and strive to change the traditional teaching methods. On the basis of profoundly grasping the connotation and characteristics of thinking activities in literary appreciation, we will constantly explore ways and methods to cultivate students' thinking ability and strengthen the training of students' thinking in images, hoping to help our teaching and students' literacy. First, reading aloud-Han Yong Kung Fu is a huge project, and its starting point is reading aloud, reciting and appreciating the charm.
Chanting is accompanied by the poet's feelings, but also pregnant with the poet's feelings, accompanied by sound and emotion, and the final work is a written record of the poet's voice and emotion. Then, when reading, readers can try to figure out the poet's voice and intonation by chanting, and reach the realm of mutual communication between their own hearts and the author's hearts through the voice.
Therefore, reciting is one of the effective ways to read and appreciate poetry. Effective recitation can not only stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning classical poetry, but also enable students to follow the words into the author's inner world in the voice of reading.
In order to be effective, students need necessary guidance to master the necessary reading methods, so as to improve their appreciation level. Zhu said: "Generally speaking, to read a book, you must be familiar with it first, so that all its words come from my mouth. After careful consideration, I can make my thoughts come from my heart, and then I can get it. "
Therefore, to read poetry, we must first be familiar with it, that is, put on words to enter the artistic conception and express meaning with expressions. The content of words is perceived in many ways in the eyes, in the mouth, in the ears and in the heart.
The ancients said, "Poetry takes emotion as its body" and "Emotion speaks for itself". Reciting without emotion is definitely unsuccessful.
Reading the text aloud, or even reciting the text, has a subtle influence on students. Recite "we are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we met." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Help each other in the same boat and sigh the world; Recite this situation.
5. How to cultivate students' aesthetic ability in ancient poetry teaching? Most Chinese teachers only pay attention to tools when teaching students classical poems, that is, they focus on knowledge and skills, and usually translate poems to students completely and smoothly, and ask students to recite them after class, so that students can remember famous sayings and sentences fluently during exams and translate paragraphs and sentences in some texts appropriately.
However, this is contrary to the idea of cultivating students' sound personality, putting people first and building a harmonious society, and it also makes the cultural connotation of classical poetry lose its aesthetic feeling. Therefore, it is an important task for Chinese teachers to inherit excellent national cultural heritage and cultivate students' aesthetic ability and sound personality.
First of all, the beauty of teachers' personality is the first condition of aesthetic education for students. As the main body of teaching and educating people, teachers should first have a perfect personality. The art of teaching is also the art of emotion, and example is better than words.
In the usual teaching, students are instilled with positive factors in traditional personality, such as distinguishing right from wrong, emphasizing ethics, knowing honesty and shame, etc. Beautiful and harmonious teachers' language, proper expressions and actions, teachers' good attitude and correct value orientation can cultivate students' sentiment, stimulate their aesthetic enthusiasm and cultivate their noble aesthetic interest and personality cultivation. Second, create a suitable atmosphere for students to immerse themselves in the artistic conception of poetry and appreciate the beauty of Chinese teaching. Teachers should be good at inspiring and inducing, creating situations, and excavating aesthetic factors such as social beauty, natural beauty, moral beauty and human beauty in the text. In teaching, we should give full play to students' imagination and association, play some classical music or excellent reading tapes, and let students be in an aesthetic atmosphere.