Among all kinds of poems popular in Qing Dynasty, Chuanshan's poems also occupy a prominent position. The Poetry of Shu (Sun Xuan), published in the fifth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1879), is a masterpiece among the selected books of Shu in Qing Dynasty. The book has 64 volumes, including 362 poets and more than 5,900 poems. Among them, Zhang Chuanshan's poems were selected the most, with 6 volumes, and nearly 600 poems were selected, accounting for one-fifth of Chuancaoshan Poetry and one-tenth of Chuanguo Poetry. "Unfortunately, it was not published." It can be seen that Chuanshan is a big head in Sun's mind. As far as poets in Qing Dynasty are concerned, Zhang is the only poet in Shu who can rank among the first-class poets. Mr. Li said, "There are more poets of the Soul School in China than many previous poetry schools. It is through the role of Zhang Wentao that Bashu poets directly or indirectly led and influenced a group of poets. Therefore, the Shu poets who are active in the poetry circle and gather around all advocate the spirit of nature, ... forming the trend of the stars arching the moon and the stars shining, welcoming the most spectacular golden age of Bashu poetry in the Qing Dynasty. "
Xu Shichang's Poems of Qing Dynasty has more than 200 volumes, which is one of the most influential and prestigious poems of Qing Dynasty. This book was selected into 37 poems by Chuanshan, the poet with the most poems in Shu. Other poets in Shu, such as Li, 1, Zhang Wenan 1 1, Zhuo 1, Liu Yuan 1, ao 2 and Liu Guangdi 7. Among the national poets in Ganjia period, Zhang Chuanshan was second only to Yuan Mei (465,438+0), but higher than other famous poets in Ganjia, such as 34, Hong 33, Jiang Shiquan 27, Zhao Yi 22, 9,25, Wu Xiqi 65,438+03, Sun Yuanxiang 23 and Guo Bianjia 65,430. Huang Pilie 1, 9, Wang Xuehao 6, Wang Maosun 19, 5, Tu Zhuo 9, Yang Fangcan 17, 34, 5, Wu 5, Zhu 9. It can be seen that Chuanshan's position in Ganjia's poems is outstanding.
The Collection of Poems of Contemporary Famous Qing Dynasty also endowed Chuanshan with lofty status. For example, in Qian Zhongshu's Three Hundred Poems of Qing Dynasty (Yuelu Bookstore Edition, 1985), Zhang Chuanshan has three poems selected, only lower than Yuan Mei (5 poems) and higher than Zhao Yi (2 poems), Jiang Shiquan (not selected), Hong (1 first poem) and Wu Xiqi (2 poems). Chen Xiangyao's "Essence of Qing Poetry" (People's Literature Publishing House 1992 edition) selected 8 poems by Zhang Chuanshan, more than other Gansu poets, such as 7 poems by Yuan Mei, 4 poems by Jiang Shiquan and 3 poems by Hong. Three Hundred Poems by Li Mengsheng (published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 200 1) selected three poems by Zhang Chuanshan, which were higher than those by Yuan Mei (2 poems), Zhao Yi (2 poems) and Gong Zizhen (2 poems). In Qing Dynasty, only 10 people elected three or more poets, and Chuanshan was one of them. It can be seen that Zhang Chuanshan is one of the top ten poets who wrote the best legal poems in Qing Dynasty.
Published poems and dictionaries of the Qing Dynasty, such as Zhu Zekai's History of Qing Poetry, Yan's History of Qing Poetry, Huo Youming's History of Qing Poetry, Liu Shinan's History of Qing Poetry, Qian Zhonglian's Chronicle of Qing Poetry, China Writers' Dictionary (Volume of Qing Dynasty), Hu Chuanhuai's Chronicle of Zhang Wentao, and research collections, were all given to them.
In the History of Bashu Literature (Bashu Publishing House, 2003 edition), Mr. Yang Shiming devoted a section to Zhang Wentao, a master of spiritual spirit, commenting on Chuanshan's poems and contributions, and said: "The Ganjia period was the most prosperous period of Bashu literature in the Qing Dynasty. The most brilliant page at this stage is the appearance of the great poet Zhang Wentao. " He also said: "Since the Han Dynasty, Bashu has produced ten great writers, namely, Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Chen Ziang, Li Bai, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Yu Ji, Yang Shen and Zhang Wentao, all of whom are celebrities in China's literary history. So far, almost any history of China literature has to introduce the literary achievements of the above ten people. "
Zhang Chuanshan is a genius of poetry, books and paintings. At that time, he was famous in the world, and many people stopped. Some poets write poems, volunteer to be women, work for him, and even be his wives. His poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Yi Shunding (1858- 1920), a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, was young and brilliant, with the eyes of a child prodigy, and wrote as many as 10,000 poems, "calling himself the back of Zhang Chuanshan". Liu Yazi (1887- 1958), a poet of Nanshe, said in a poem: "Just remember Chuanshan's poem: white lotus flowers are beautiful." Liang Qichao told the story of Zhang Chuanshan as an examiner in Shandong in The Ice Room Collection. In Biography of Flowers on the Sea, many people write poems based on Zhang Chuanshan's poems. In his novel History of Spring and Ming Dynasty, Zhang Henshui asked Yang Xingyuan, the protagonist, to switch Zhang Chuanshan's Eight Plum Blossoms and Seven Laws, which attracted people to read the poems on Chuanshan one after another. It can be seen that Chuanshan's poems have a great influence.
Mr. Liu Yangzhong, a famous ancient literature expert and researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in the Summary of Zhang Chuanshan's National Academic Seminar: "Zhang Chuanshan is not only the champion of poets in West Shu, but also the champion of poets in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It is the obligation of national scholars to study him and inherit his literary heritage. " Longzhou swordsman said in "Who knows the Old Chuanshan in the Smoke": "Zhang Chuanshan's position in the history of China literature should be no less than Wang Chuanshan's position in the history of thought." "I'm afraid there are not many people like Zhang Wentao who pour out their most sincere feelings about life in poetry. He had Du Gongbu before, and then only Yu Dafu. " "Among the' Jiangyou Sanjie', from Yuan Mei to Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, they may not be better than Zhang Wentao in talent or poetic attainments." "As far as poetry is concerned, Zhang Wentao is definitely not lost to the' three schools'"; "When Zhang Wentao was divorced from orthodox sects, he was like a superb master in Jin Yong's martial arts novels. Others can only know his trace occasionally, but few people have the patience and sincerity to explore his trace. " The disillusionment of Zhang Yongyi, a famous scholar, in the sentimental era —— Reading Huang Zhongze and Zhang Wentao (Nakano,No. Chuanshan) who represent the highest level of poetry in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Just like Goethe and Heine in German literature of the same era, if18th century closed domestic literary world lost the singing of' Zhong Er', then our reading would be dull. ""I think Zhang Wentao, living at the turn of18th century and19th century, is in a more difficult situation. The deep disillusionment he felt in his heart was more concrete and painful than those of us who were tapping the keyboard 200 years later, because it was the sunset of the whole feudal dynasty. He mixed ink with bile and touched it gently, drawing a desolate rest to that sad era. " This is the unpublished theory. To sum up: Zhang Chuanshan occupies an important position in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty. He is not only the highest poet in Shu in Qing Dynasty, but also a great poet in Ganjia poetry circle in Qing Dynasty. He is a first-class poet and a famous poetry theorist in Qing Dynasty, and a leading figure and representative figure in the later period of spiritualism.
The above is excerpted from Hu Chuanhuai's article "On Zhang Chuanshan's Position in the Poetry History of Qing Dynasty" (published in Journal of xihua university, 04, 2005).