Cicada is a common image in ancient poetry. Some of them are the embodiment of the author, some are the elves who report autumn, some are the tranquility of cicada singing, and some are full of sadness and sadness. ...
1, the author's own situation
Shen Deqian said in "Poems of Tang Dynasty": "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its sex alone." Cicadas sing loudly and drink dew for survival. The author refers to their nobleness and respects their conduct, thus expressing their feelings euphemistically and implicitly.
Among the poems about "respecting its nature", Yu Shinan's "Cicada" in the Tang Dynasty is a very representative one: "Crying and drinking are clear and dew, and the sound is sparse. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " Cicada spreads far, but the author emphasizes that this is because of "height". The unique perspective contains a unique moral: a noble person can be famous far and near without some external support (such as power), which is precisely "peaches and plums don't say anything, think of a way next."
The cicada in "Cicada" written by Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty is also the author's own situation. "Pure heart, so hungry, all night you sing in vain. Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! . Yes, I am like a driftwood. I have made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your advice and let you live a pure life like you. " The author is lofty and poor, hoping to get help from others, but in the end it is in vain. The hunger of cicada corresponds to the poverty of the author's own family, which implies that fate is unfair to him. Luo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Chanting Cicadas": "Cicadas sing in the west, and visitors in the south think deeply. I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "The whole poem uses puns and metaphors to express the distress in the face of the status quo. Even if it has noble character, it is not known to the world.
2. The Messenger of Autumn
Liu Yuxi's "The First Smell of Autumn Wind": "I used to watch Huang Ju leave you, but now I listen to Xuanchan, but I come back. It's windy on the pillow, and the mirror changes in a year. The horse misses the grass around him, his hair is shaking, and the eagle's eyes are wide open. Heaven and earth are clear, look around and help you get sick and go to the high platform. " The "I" in the poem, that is, the "autumn wind", has returned to the world, fondly recalling the moment when I watched Huang Ju last year, and now I hear Qiu Chan's singing and go back to the author to say goodbye. According to the Book of Rites, chrysanthemum yellow should be in the season and autumn, that is, when Qiu Lai is in winter; Cicada sang in Qiu Meng, which was in late summer in Qiu Lai. "Looking at Huang Ju" and "Listening to Xuan Chan" vividly and accurately illustrate the season when the autumn wind goes away and returns.
The late cicada in Jiang Kui's poem "Cherish the Red Skirt" in the Song Dynasty, that is, "the high willow late cicada tells the news of the west wind", is also telling the news that the time series will change and the autumn wind is coming.
Step 3 set off a quiet environment
Seclusion by Yao He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is a typical example. "I don't know, I live in the city all the year round. There is no trace of the door, and the room is full of cicadas. Although suffering from illness, the dream of leaving office is clear. Why do you want to learn Zen and rely on Mr. Gu? " The author is in the county seat, but he likes quiet and interesting, and his residence also adapts to his sparseness. There are no clues to enter the door and few visitors. Cicada is noisy, but it feels quiet in the middle; The sound of writing is full of ears, but the word "static" is dark. It is where there is sound that silence is seen and disgust is shrouded in silence. The neckline is written step by step, and it is good to see the quiet environment. William talks about inner peace through Zen.
There is a saying in Du Mu's "On the Zen Temple in Yangzhou": "After the rain, cicadas sing and autumn floats." The "cicada singing" in the poem reflects the quietness of the Zen wisdom temple, where you can see the noise and uproar. Wang Ji's poem "If you are in a stream", "Cicada makes Lin Jing quieter", is a typical example of dynamic contrast. Li Bai's "Landscape Song of Zhao Yan Shaofu in Dangtu", "I was lost in it day and night, and I was silent for a few minutes, but I didn't sing cicadas", which revealed the loneliness of the empty mountain. Xin Qiji's words "The bright moon surprises the magpie, and the breeze chirps in the middle of the night" are both dynamic and quiet, depicting the scenery under the "breeze" and "bright moon" in the middle of the night.
Step 4 render a sad atmosphere
Cicada's life span is only a few months, and cicadas don't live long. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. This is sad, some are the pain of life experience, some are the thoughts of home and country, and some are the pain of parting. ...
Meng Haoran's From the State of Qin to the Monk Yuan: "A mountain often lies. If I have enough means, I can live in seclusion! . It is not my will to stay in Chang 'an. My heart for Lindong School will miss my teacher. Gold burns like firewood, and ambition fades. Tonight, in the cold night breeze, a cicada is singing and pressing on my heart. "This poem describes the author's stay in the imperial city and experience. The cool breeze is rustling and cicadas are hissing, which makes people feel sad easily. In addition, the author lives in the northern soil, and his travel situation is difficult. He is frustrated in officialdom, and there is no way to complain, and suddenly he hears cicadas singing. How can he not be "blinded by profit"?
Dondero's "Chanting Cicadas" said: "Cicadas sing in the west, and visitors in the south think deeply." Singing in silence makes you deeply homesick in prison. In the Song Dynasty, Liu Yong's Yulin Ling begins with the following words: "Cold cicadas lament. The pavilion was late and the shower began to rest. " Parting is not a direct description, but a rendering of parting with the help of chilling and sad voices. Song Wang's "Fallen Leaves Return to Roots": "I can't stop crying, I want to live, so I hold it at this time. The shadow turned over the window and the sound was broken. How many people are worried! " "Huan" is a chilling cicada, and the cicadas in the lyrics seem to be interwoven into a concerto on a cold night in late autumn, which makes people full of worries and shows the author's repression of reality in the late Southern Song Dynasty. "Worry is unfounded" in Zhao Yanduan's Dianjiang Lip in Song Dynasty. The phrase "looking back at the sunset" skillfully blends endless sadness into the description of the scenery, which is in harmony with the chilling sad and dim sunset.