How to be the first to refine classic materials and use them from multiple angles
Tips for this chapter
The Chinese textbooks for grades 7 to 9 involve prose, novels, poetry, and drama. and other forms, with all-inclusive content. Most of the courses selected in the textbook are classic works from various periods, which are very typical and have a strong demonstration significance for our writing. At the same time, they are also highly versatile as classic materials. sex. This chapter selects several famous prose and poetry pieces to demonstrate how to refine classic materials and use them from multiple angles.
When studying this chapter, we focus on mastering: how to organize and classify classic texts; how to use and expand materials from multiple angles; when writing, how to graft propositions with such materials.
Method Summary
Chinese teaching materials have always been based on selected famous works and excellent contemporary writings. It provides us with a large amount of writing materials and exquisite writing methods. When using classic textbook materials, we can start from the following three aspects.
First, cleverly borrow relevant content from the textbook? Questions
The title is the eye of the article. Among the many bland titles, a novel and special title will surely attract the attention of the marking teacher. Many text titles in textbooks are very distinctive and can be modified, imitated or used as titles of articles. For example, when drafting the title for the essay on the topic "Family Love", I imitated "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" and drafted the title "From Indifference to Deep Gratitude"; when drafting the title for the essay on the topic "Competition", I drafted the title "From Indifference to Deep Gratitude". It is very thought-provoking.
Not only the titles of the textbooks can be used as titles, but also some sentences in the textbooks can be used as titles. For example, when writing a composition on the topic "Pay attention to life", you can come up with the title "Let the brainstorming be more violent!", which is obviously based on the "Let the storm be more violent!" in the lesson "Haiyan".
Second, imitate the ideas of certain texts and write your own articles
One of the requirements for "innovation" in high school entrance examination compositions is "exquisite conception", for which we can imitate Chinese textbooks Some texts have unique ideas and write your own articles according to the composition requirements. This kind of invisible imitation often wins the favor of marking teachers. For example, a full score essay imitated the description of bird hunting in the snow in "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore", closely focusing on "fun", especially using several verbs from the article, describing the time when I was a child and my friends behind my house. The process of playing rubber bands, "Eagle Catching Chicken", "Cockfighting", "Swinging" and other games on a flat ground was highly appreciated by the marking teacher. There is also an article with a perfect score. It is written that "I" went home on Sunday, and my mother was busy with "me", but "I" watched TV with peace of mind. My mother urged "me" to go back to school several times, but "I" was too lazy to move. In the end, it was too late. "I" grabbed my schoolbag and ran out, but my mother stopped me and insisted on nailing a nail for "me". A button that is about to fall off. "I" was anxious, annoyed and helpless. But at the moment when my mother lowered her head and bit off the thread for "me", "I" suddenly saw my mother's white hair and rough fingers. "My" heart felt like it had been cut out with a knife, and tears rolled in my eyes. This article is about my own affairs, but its ideas and even the details can be seen to have been borrowed from Zhu Ziqing's "Back View".
In addition, you can also change the perspective, including changing the person and changing the narrative method, to form your own new article.
Example
The sunset over the long river, the solitary smoke in the desert, the dusk in Yumen looks so magnificent, the distance is vast, the afterglow of the setting sun pierces the bloody sunset, and the sadness of Guihong The chirping drifted in and shone on my haggard face. It has been three years since I left home. Whenever dusk comes, I always like to go to the top of the city wall and gaze at the sunset.
I took out the purse from my sleeve. On the red purse, two beautiful words were embroidered with flowing red thread: Peace. My wife sewed this for me before I left. She said that she went to the Nuwa Temple to ask for a peace charm for me and sewed it into this purse.
——The 2009 Beijing High School Entrance Examination essay "The War Is Not Over"
Comments: This is a masterpiece that adapts Fan Zhongyan's poem "The Proud Fisherman". "Autumn comes and the scenery is strange. The geese from Hengyang leave without paying attention. The sounds are rising from all sides, thousands of miles away. The long smoke sets and the sun sets, and the lonely city is closed. A glass of turbid wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but Yan Ran has no plan to return. The Qiang pipes are covered with frost. Earth, people are sleepless, generals have white hair and husbands cry? "Compared with the original words, in the first paragraph, we can still roughly see the shadow of the original words, but in the second paragraph, the angle is changed, and the narrative method is changed. With innovation, this innovation is carried out according to the main theme of the poem, and it does not stray far away from the topic.
Third, use the materials in the text to write new ideas
Borrowing old topics from the textbooks and using clever techniques can still write new ideas. This has been very popular in the high school entrance examinations in recent years. It can be said that it has been tried and tested repeatedly. There are roughly three ways to renovate old themes and make new articles:
1. Capture the essence. Analyze the materials before use, grasp their main points, and then select the essential parts to use according to the needs of the work.
Example
I like lots of volumes. There are all kinds of flavors, and all kinds of books are my favorites.
The joy of reading and communicating with my husband, between heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, Ouyang Xiu told me the connotation of "not stopping learning, getting higher and lower"; reading and enjoying the joy of nature with my husband, I experienced the spring breeze of "the willow wind does not chill my face" The breath; the joy of reading and her husband's emotions, Yuan Zhen's sentence "Once the sea was difficult to make water, except for Wushan, it is not clouds" expresses the unswerving determination of many loyal kings and idiots. "There are poems and books in my belly that are full of energy." When I felt discouraged, books became my best mentor and encouraged me to encourage myself.
——The essay "Encouragement for Yourself" with full marks in the high school entrance examination
Comments: The candidates picked out the key sentences in the poem, which concentrated on expressing the purpose of reading by ancient celebrities and deepened the theme.
It is a good way to use certain characters or events in the text to reveal new topics or express your own opinions. Not only are such compositions not old-fashioned, but they often receive praise for their thoughtfulness. For example, in the 2009 excellent composition for the high school entrance examination "Heroes Are Awesome", the author selected examples from textbooks such as Xiang Yu, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Li Bai, Xi Shi, Yang Yuhuan, etc. Once these examples were quoted by the author, they became his own language, or quoted specifically. Or summarize and quote, each to its own advantage and appropriateness.
2. A new story, a combination of fiction and reality, and clever splicing.
New stories use the words and deeds of the characters in the textbook to express the author's own thoughts, emotions or opinions. The so-called "new editing" means based on the behavior, personality and language style of the original characters, through imagination, or splicing the story into real life, or moving the focus of the textbook content, or amplifying details closely related to the text, or reverse thinking , rebound on the pipa, or "add extraneous branches" in a reasonable and logical way, introduce characters not found in the original text, or change the narrative angle, write a new plot, or express a new purpose that is different from the original text, etc. This way of writing can give people a sense of familiarity and novelty. Among the college entrance examination essays where a hundred flowers bloom, this type of essays are the most eye-catching.
For example, in "I Traveled in Space with Sun Wukong" written by a candidate from Guangdong in 2009, the author organically combined the image of Sun Wukong in "Journey to the West" with modern life (aerospace). Sun Wukong's mood and tone are exactly like the original work. What he said were hilarious current buzzwords, such as "Of course I know, that is the Andromeda Galaxy, the place managed by Chang'e", etc., which are very realistic and received full marks. "Sometimes, I also want to be beautiful" written by candidates from Jiangxi Province in 2008 is a bold fiction based on the story about Zhaojun's expedition to the fortress in Du Fu's "Yonghuai Ancient Ruins" in the textbook. The article describes the scenes on Zhaojun's journey out of the fortress. Through vivid and vivid character descriptions, and with the help of specific historical and natural environment descriptions, it fully demonstrates Wang Zhaojun's personality charm. She is not only beautiful externally, but also has a beautiful heart.
Classic text materials are extremely rich, and you must choose the right angle when using them. In addition to directly using the materials to interpret the theme of the composition, you can also improve rhetoric, enhance persuasion, learn from writing methods, expand imagination, and examine characters. Let’s start with “flexibility”.
Let’s look at an example of expanding our imagination.
Example
God's Beloved
——New Biography of Dong Shi
I, Dong Shi, will go down in history with an ugly name. But for thousands of years, I have been very depressed and unhappy!
Since that day, I imitated the beautiful girl next door Xi Shi’s frowning and sick look, and was ridiculed by people at that time. They also created an idiom "Tong Shi imitates the frown" and gave it to me. , I stayed home and cried all day long. (However, even though I didn't want tea or food, I didn't lose weight.) I don't understand that when Xi Shi is so sick, stinky men are still pitiful and compassionate, and everyone wants to be a "treasure" elder brother"! As for me, I just studied and imitated it a little bit, but why did it cause so much dissatisfaction and ridicule? I know, because I have a ugly face and am extremely depressed! I can't help but blame my parents for their carelessness and God for his injustice. God must have been distracted when he created me, otherwise why would my facial features be so rough and misaligned!
I must settle the account with God! A strong desire took over my heart, and I decided to seek judgment from God at all costs and regain everything I had lost!
After waiting for thousands of years, I finally flew into space on the "Shenzhou 10" manned spacecraft and flew to God's "Palace of Peace". God’s home is not so beautiful as to be described in words! Although I was jealous and envious, I had no intention of lingering and went straight to the "Hall of Paradise". Hey, who is that old man sitting in the garden with his eyes closed and meditating? It’s God! So, I straightened my clothes, walked forward, coughed, and said, "God, you are so leisurely!" Why don't you go to the people and experience the suffering? I, Dong Shi, have grown up like this because of your negligence, and I have been ridiculed and looked down upon by people. You have to make the decision for me! "As I said that, I couldn't help but feel sad, and the tears couldn't stop flowing down, soaking my clothes. God opened his eyes, looked at me with a smile, and listened to what I had to say. After I spoke up, he Then he slowly said: "My poor child, for so many years, you have lived in the eyes of everyone. You have lost yourself, and at the same time weaved a cage of self-restraint. You have never discovered your own destiny in yourself." Advantages and highlights! Then, God slowly said: "Everything born in the world has its own value."
You see, in this garden, the grass is not as beautiful as the flowers, but without the grass, the beauty of the flowers cannot be highlighted. As for you, don't imitate others, don't envy others, quickly get out of this small world of yours, find your strengths and advantages, help others, and serve the world, you will gain the love and respect that people deserve! "After saying that, God waved his sleeves and closed his eyes again to meditate.
After hearing what God said, I froze there...
From God After I came back, I reflected on myself and looked at myself. I have a strong body and a lot of strength, so I finished my work in the fields and helped my neighbor Grandma Li’s house. I have a graceful singing voice and can sing. At that time, I not only pleased myself, but also brought happiness to the working people. Ah, I also walked on the stage of the Avenue of Stars; I have bright eyes, and the flowers I made can attract butterflies. Flying, shortlisted for international awards...
Haha, I smile all the time. I walked out of my own little world and was interviewed by various media. I am no longer synonymous with ugliness, I am the embodiment of personality. Representative of women in the new era.
On this day, I received a greeting card from Tianting: "You are my darling - Angel Zhi Dong Shi, congratulations! ”
——2009 Linyi City High School Entrance Examination Full Score Essay
Comments After reading this examination masterpiece, people can’t help laughing, but also have to close the paper and think deeply, it is worth savoring.
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This article uses a new story-telling method to express the topic. It cannot but be said that it is a bold innovation by the young author, and it is successful. The article uses the classic material "Dong Shi's Imitation" as the starting point to weave Dong Shi's Yin. The young author was so distressed and angry due to his ugly appearance that he wanted to question God. Later, he was enlightened and inspired by God, and he reflected on himself, walked out of the small world of self-restraint, and realized the value of life. The young author vividly illustrates the connotation of the topic. Traveling through time and space, the imagination is unique, and the story is used without falling into the trap (the image of God is not sacred but very humane); the young author is good at laying out, trying his best to exaggerate Dong Shi's distress and injustice, and prepare for the changes in the plot below. The language of the article, such as "Original", "Meimei" and "Shenzhou No. 10", is humorous and vivid, and is very characteristic of the times.
3. In order to adapt to different themes, adapt to different themes. According to the requirements of the style and style, the materials must be appropriately tailored so that they can be used appropriately in different compositions. The common method is to modify and adapt the famous texts and sentences from the textbooks. The wonderful use of cutting and connecting them together "is for my use". Please read a passage from the Jiangsu candidate's full score essay "Leng Xiang Fei Shang Chinese": "The great river goes eastward, and the waves are exhausted, and the romantic figures of the ages. The Chinese language comes from the mouth of the ancients. The Chinese language was shouted out by Zhang Fei at Dangyang Bridge. Chinese language flows from the writing of Fan Zhongyan, who cares about the country and the people. The Chinese language echoes on the pipa strings at the head of the Xunyang River. The Chinese language takes us to experience the magic in the Peach Blossom Spring, and to experience the thrills on the bluestone slabs in Jingyanggang. It allows us to deeply appreciate the emotion of "the deceased is like this", the generosity of "the old man is helpless, and his ambition is thousands of miles", and the desolation of "the autumn clouds linger and the frost flies late, leaving the remaining lotuses listening to the sound of rain"..." Many famous sentences in the article, The scenes and plots all come from textbooks? The author just cleverly tailored, combined, and integrated them for his own use.
Let's look at another example.
We walked together
"I said you are April in the world, your laughter lights up the wind around you, you are light and dancing in the light of spring." Starting from you, you seemed to have been weaving literary dreams for me. At that time, I always liked to listen to you recite quatrains, listen to you turn the heavy rain into ancient rhymes, and paint ink paintings in my heart. Is it Dream of Red Mansions? ? Is it Lu You? Is it Li Taibai? There are so many that make me feel that the days we have spent together are like a grand peach blossom banquet of literature, so sweet and nourishing. You are so talented.
"In gazing, you are seen as a bird with a thousand wings; in listening, you are heard as a flute with a thousand holes." I remember you said that you would take us children to Beijing. , to see if a prestigious school like Tsinghua University and Peking University is worth striving for. I remember you said that learning sometimes does not depend on intelligence but on perseverance. I also remember that you read Zhang Jie's "My Four Seasons": "If a person can expect, Just be able to go all out. "I never dare to forget that firm voice. It was midsummer at that time, and the cool greenery fell from the sycamore trees, paving the way for us to walk together. Such you, such a passionate, hard-working, and tireless teacher.
"It is said to be the sadness of the lonely autumn, or the lovesickness of the distant sea. If someone asks me about my worries, I dare not say your name. "The three years with you were as short as a nap, but it was during this nap that you let the wind send me a happy dream. In the dream, you taught me literary knowledge and learning knowledge. , and more importantly, you taught me self-confidence and struggle. Now that I think about it, the time we spent together is like a cool misty rain falling on my eyebrows. I remember you.
"May you have a bright future, may you finally get married, and may you be happy in this world.
"A piece of music has been played gently. Is it the sound of your erhu strings? The imaginary river is running into the distance. Has it penetrated your dreams? Sit down for a while, take a sip of Biluochun before leaving, we have walked together The days are over, and I will spend the whole spring farewell to you.
Dear teacher, please allow me to finally change Shu Lan's "Country Color Wine" to thank you? I have gone through these three years:
In the past three years, you have imbued me with your writing. I was young and in the right time. You are strong and the spring scenery is strong. Three years later, I remember you in the examination room. You are like a glass of clear water and wine. You are full of me and I am full of longing for you. .
We walked that road together, where?
I walked through it in a hurry, but I didn’t know whether it was sour or a little bitter...
— —2009 Nantong High School Entrance Exam Full Score Essay
Comments: This masterpiece uses a lot of classic materials, such as Lin Huiyin's "You Are April in the World", Luo Men's "Window", Zhang Jie's "My Four Seasons" ” and Shu Lan’s “Countryside Wine” have been edited and properly combined with the narrative of the article, especially at the end. In order to thank the teacher for educating me over the past three years, I changed “Countryside Wine” and re-wrote lyrics to express my inner feelings. Unique emotions.
There are many ways to use textbook materials skillfully and innovate in composition. Students need to slowly experience and enrich them in writing practice. Don't lament that there are no materials available for composition, and don't complain. The material is not new. In fact, each of us has a golden mountain. If we use our "heart" to discover it, we may be able to achieve "family words" from the "statements" and stand out in the examination room.
1. Text. The connotation is very rich. Many texts can be interpreted from different levels and aspects to have different connotations. This greatly enriches our material warehouse, but it may also make us at a loss when writing. Therefore, we must carefully sort out the materials and think about the angles in which the materials can be used. , which topics are closely related to it.
2. There is no need to stick to the text. The classic materials used in the composition can be boldly tailored and flexibly adapted to better serve the requirements of the composition. The essence is a very important step, and it is also important to determine the appropriate method. You must be good at combining materials. The effect of superimposing similar classic materials will be better than a single material.
3. Please take the high school entrance examination. Before, use the method of organizing classical materials introduced in Chapter 1 to organize some classic text materials, and make writing ideas based on the actual situation of the high school entrance examination, and try to be familiar with the application directions of these materials. In this chapter, several commonly used classic texts will be listed. The materials also include essay examples. I hope you can draw parallels and have more thoughts.
We have accumulated a lot of materials in our daily Chinese studies. We need to organize them into categories, such as philosophy of life, beauty of nature, ?The beauty of love and so on sort out the materials in the text so that they can be easily used in high school entrance examination compositions.