Why is Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge a famous piece, famous at home and abroad? ?

Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge: "Frosty night and Jiang Feng's melancholy sleep. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell goes to the passenger ship ". Zhang Ji was born in the Tang Dynasty and Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang County, Hubei Province). In the 12th year of Tianbao (AD 753), he was a scholar. However, I chose to land and return to China. At the end of the Dali period, Zhang Ji died of illness only after serving as a salt and iron judge for more than a year. His friend Liu Changqing wrote a mourning poem "Crying for Bird's Foreign Succession", saying: "It is difficult for the world to return to its hometown, and the burial period of the poor family is prolonged", which shows that he is honest and clean, and later his wife died there. Zhang's collection of poems, Poems of Zhang's Imperial Clan, is a block print, among which a night-mooring near maple bridge is the most famous. Only this poem has spread deeply and widely, and the so-called "one word touches the world" is probably like this. This poem was written by the author on his way home after losing in the examination room, which naturally revealed a sad and miserable mood. The author's mood is understandable. Should he feel sorry for him or be glad? If he had gone to high school, China's poems would have lost a masterpiece. The poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" describes an autumn night, when the poet is anchored on the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries and made him write this poem with far-reaching artistic conception. It expresses the poet's lonely and sad homesickness during his journey. The title of this poem is very concise. "Maple" is the season; "Bridge" is position; "Night" is time; "Berthing" is time. Four words, save words to the extreme. Frosty night: Under the Moon's Tears, vivid and affectionate. In ancient poetry, people who use the word "dark sky on the moon" mostly use the word "sad" to express it, and the poet's sadness and depression are permeated in it, which shed a hint of coolness for this thick autumn night. The three-pronged approach of vision, hearing and touch appropriately shows his mental state. There are three closely related scenes: "The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it is about dawn, and birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" in autumn night is filled with the chill that soaks the bones and muscles, and the ships moored at night are surrounded from all directions, feeling that the vast night sky outside is filled with frost. Jiang Feng fishing and sleeping: Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou today. Jiang Feng: Maple trees by the water. Fishing fire: a lamp on a fishing boat. People who can't sleep because of worry. The poet stayed up all night with Jiang Feng and the Fishing Fire. The same scenery has different feelings in people with different moods. It is also a lonely boat on the autumn night. Li Bai and Su Shi are determined to "raise my cup, ask the moon" and "ask for wine from heaven". The poet, however, is just "walking alone for a long night, the wind passing through the flowers, and the moon singing in the distance." A word "sorrow" points out the theme of the whole poem, and all descriptions are aimed at highlighting this word. The cold water surface is sparkling with microwaves, the fishing fire in the river is lit, the autumn wind is humming, and pieces of withered maple leaves fall on Zhang Ji's heart and on the water surface, which just evokes confusion about the future. The autumn wind sends the cold, lying alone on the boat, tossing and turning, unable to sleep, "worrying about sleeping" is a bit lonely. The image of a laggard jumps from the page. "Jiang Feng Fishing Fire" is static and dynamic, bright and dark, near and far, and the poet pays great attention to the collocation and combination of scenery. "Sleeping in sorrow" implies the poet's novel feelings about the beauty of the journey. Among them, the word "right" means "companion", but it is not as exposed as the word "companion", but we can feel a silent blend between the people in the boat and the scenery outside the boat. The first act of the poem is dense, with six scenes written in just fourteen words, and only one thing written in the last two sentences: the bell of the mountain temple. It can be seen that the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic feeling that the poet got when he stayed at Qiao Feng overnight. Although the moonfall, frosty night, fishing in the river and solitary boat all show the characteristics of night parking near Fengqiao, they are not enough to convey its charm. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu: Poetry and painting are integrated with the name of the temple, and Hanshan is alone in the autumn night. Hanshan Temple was built in the Liang Dynasty, and it was named after Hanshanzi, a monk of the Tang Dynasty, who once lived here. According to ancient records, in the Tang Dynasty, there was Hanshanzi, crowned with birch cloth, wearing wooden shoes and blue clothes, who shook the wind, laughed and sang, came to Hanshan Temple and lived here. Later, he traveled to the rooftop cold rock, became friends with pickup trucks and air drying, and finally disappeared. There is a book of Hanshanzi's poems, which has been handed down to later generations. Later, the monk hoped to move here to establish Galand, hence the name Hanshan Temple. Up to now, there are still statues of Hanshan and picked up in Hanshan Temple, standing shirtless and barefoot, sitting with lotus in hand and clean bottles in both hands. In front of Hanshan Temple, the ancient canal winds and the ancient bridge spans. At the entrance of Hanshan Temple, there is a Jiangcun Bridge, more than 0/00 meters to the east, which is Qiao Feng Bridge. About two kilometers northwest of Hanshan Temple, there is a hill opposite the gate of Hanshan Temple. Its name is Gushan, also known as Sad Sleeping Mountain. Jiangcun Bridge has another name, Wuti Bridge. Knowing this situation, the poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" is clearly displayed in front of us. I think the poet sailed through Gusu, moored at Fengqiao, couldn't sleep on a cold night, and the moon gradually set in the direction of Wuti Bridge. The poet looked at the dark and sleepy mountains in the distance, listening to the bells coming from Hanshan Temple in the distance, either worrying about the country or touching the scene. This touching poem was thus produced. Midnight bell to the passenger ship: a bell floated into the passenger ship between dreams and waking, in order to wash away the sadness. "Midnight Bell" sets off the silence of the night and reveals the loneliness of the night. At this moment, the unspeakable feeling of the poet lying listening to the bell is all in the words. Qiao Feng's poetry and painting originated from the ancient Hanshan Temple, which is located one mile west of Qiao Feng, giving it historical and cultural colors. The poet pointed out the source of the bell with a poem, because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple perfectly expressed the charm of "sleeping by the Maple Bridge", which no longer stayed at the level of pure landscape painting on autumn nights in Qiao Feng, but created an artistic conception of blending scenes. Hanshan Temple rings the bell 108 in the early morning of the first day of the first month every year, because Buddhism believes that there are as many kinds of sadness in life as 108, so it rings the bell to relieve sadness. One hundred and eight rings, one hundred and eight worries, and the new year begins. This is indeed a beautiful wish, but it's a pity that I didn't listen here in autumn. What the poet heard was the "impermanence clock" that Hanshan Temple is used to every night, and he thought of the legend of "ringing the bell to relieve worries". The bell struck his eardrum, his heart and his inner anguish. I hope this sadness can really go with the bell. Ending with such a sentence is to inspire yourself to rekindle the hope of life and let the depressed poetic scene have a high-spirited ending. Ouyang Xiu took the night parking near Fengqiao as an example in Poem on June 1st, sarcastically saying that "a word is good, but it is not the time to ring the bell". The poet has been sleepless for a long time because of "worry", and the concept of sleep time has been blurred, which makes the poet make a beautiful mistake and mistake the "morning bell" of Hanshan Temple for midnight bell. Because it violates the principle of "morning bell and evening drum", the poet may also feel strange, so he wrote it down specially. It is precisely because of this beautiful mistake that the phrase "midnight bell rings to the passenger ship" came into being. The poet used thick ink to express the "clock" to help the poet get rid of the "worry" mood, and it was that clock that aroused the poet's poetry. The bell of the Buddhist temple has the effect of refreshing the mind and clearing the heart, which is ethereal and far-reaching. The reason for ringing the bell in the morning is to help monks create a good mental state and start a day of practice. The drums in Buddhist temples are close to people's heart rate in rhythm, with rich timbre and thrilling power, so monks beat drums at dusk to ask themselves whether their words and deeds have broken the rules that day. Gao Zhongwu commented on the poem: "Things are divided into two, which is deeper than Xing. They don't carve or decorate, they are elegant and elegant, and there is wind in the road. " His poems have both "Taoist style" and "Zen flavor", which was the general atmosphere of advocating Confucianism and Taoism at that time, and he was no exception. However, he does not have the bureaucratic habits of ordinary officials. He once wrote a sentimental poem: "Those who are in tune with the times and the people's backs will be calm and ignorant of the five waiting doors of the imperial city all the year round." He didn't meet with dignitaries, but made friends with Huangfuran, a poet who was also a scholar at that time. This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of colorful feelings and scenes. The last two sentences, seemingly straightforward, are more verve. The poet perfectly used the artistic technique of combining static and dynamic to create an artistic conception for future generations who want to visit him personally ... In the stele gallery of Hanshan Temple, an ancient temple in the south of the Yangtze River, there is a stone tablet engraved with the famous sentence "a night-mooring near maple bridge" by Zhang Ji, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty: "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng is worried about sleeping and fishing. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, passenger ships are ringing at midnight. " This poem tablet written by Yu Yue, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, has become a must of Hanshan Temple. Since the publication of a night-mooring near maple bridge, there have been many writers who carved tablets for Hanshan Temple. According to Records of Hanshan Temple, the first a night-mooring near maple bridge was written by Wang Si in Song Dynasty. Because of repeated wars and defeats, this monument has been burned down many times. When Hanshan Temple was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, the painter Wen Zhiming rewrote the poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" for Hanshan Temple and carved it on a stone, which is the second poem monument of "a night-mooring near maple bridge". Since then, there have been several fires in Hanshan Temple, and Wen Zhiming's handwritten poems are scattered among weeds and rubble. At present, only figures such as "Frost, Crow, Ancient and Su" are embedded in the wall of Hanshan Temple. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty, when Chen Long, the governor of Jiangsu, rebuilt Hanshan Temple, he felt that the ancient monument no longer existed because of vicissitudes, so he asked Yu Yue to write the third monument of Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge in calligraphy. At that time, although Yu Yue was 86 years old, he was still full of emotions, with a steady composition and mellow brushwork. Yu Yue died suddenly a few days after he finished writing this book. The fourth tablet of a night-mooring near maple bridge in Hanshan Temple was written by a calligrapher with the same name and surname as Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty. According to the old man Zheng, an expert in literature and history, this modern painter wrote the ancient poem a night-mooring near maple bridge at the invitation of a famous painter. There are postscript clouds after the poem; "Hanshan Temple scenic spot in rewelding, with frequent exchanges between Wumen, ends a tour here. Mr Fan Hu, like the poets who wrote a night-mooring near maple bridge in the Tang Dynasty, asked him to write this poem. In December of the thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China, Zhangzhou Zhang Ji. " Modern Zhang Gu was carved by the famous stone carver Huang Huaijue and stood in Hanshan Temple, which became a much-told story for a while. It's a pity that he died the day after he finished writing Night Sleeping near Fengqiao. The poem tablet he wrote is still in Hanshan Temple. It's late autumn and the night is still. The first quarter moon in the western sky gradually falls and the sky becomes dark. Perhaps stimulated by the change of the sky, there was a crow's scream in the distance. The temperature is lower, frost flowers are flying all over the sky, and the cold is biting. All this is what the poet saw, heard and felt in the cabin. Since nightfall, the whispering maple trees on the river bank and the flickering lights on fishing boats have aroused the poet's loneliness and homesickness, making him unable to sleep and suffering more and more.