The Queen Mother of the West opened the window on the Yaochi; The voice of bamboo songs is very sad.
Eight-horse car, traveling three thousand miles a day; Zhou Muwang, why didn't the default come again?
Label: Myth satirizes other uses
Yaochi Notes 1, Mrs. Yaochi: Mu Chuanjuan Volume 3: "The son of heaven is in the queen mother of the west, and the son of heaven is above the queen mother of the west. The Queen Mother of the West is the son of heaven, saying,' White clouds are in the sky and the mountains are out. It's a long way, between mountains and rivers. If you're not dead, you can come back. The son of heaven said,' Return to the eastern soil and rule the summer. All people are equal, and I care about you. In three years, I will return to the wild. "Biography of Liang Wudi called the Queen Mother" the mother of Du Xuan ".
2. Song: "Biography of Mu" Volume 5: "There was a severe cold in Japan and China, and there were people freezing to death in the north wind. Tianzi wrote three chapters to mourn the people. "
3. Eight Horses: It is said that there are eight horses in Zhou Muwang, and they can walk Wan Li Road three times a day. Liezi and Mu Zhuan have different records about this.
4. Mu Wang: A native of the Western Zhou Dynasty, surnamed Ji Ming Man, is said to have traveled around the world.
This poem satirizes the vanity of seeking immortality. The first sentence is about the Queen Mother of the West leaning against the window to treat King Mu. The second sentence implied that Mu Wang was dead through Huang Zhu's singing. Write three or four sentences about the Queen Mother of the West, suspecting that King Mu is not coming. Refuse the immortal to write in the tone of the immortal (queen mother), compare sentences to see the falsehood of the immortal, and seek the absurdity of the immortal. The Biography of Li Yishan's Poems quoted Mengxing Cheng as saying: "This is a mourning for the death of Wu Zong. Wu Zong is a good fairy, a good hunter and Wang Cai's pet. This poem is based on the fact that Mu Wang is the only one, which is almost the three ends of Wu Zong. The deepest thinking and the most skillful wording. "
Appreciation of Yaochi This is a love poem. In the poet's imagination, immortals are also eager for love.
In Li Shangyin's poem Chang 'e, we mentioned the story that Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to beg the Queen Mother of the West to live forever. The myth of the Queen Mother of the West is often quoted by poets in China. More interestingly, there are different records about the appearance and gender of the Queen Mother of the West. Although the Queen Mother described by the poet is all attractive women, in fact, the appearance of the Queen Mother is only a human-shaped, leopard-tailed, tiger-toothed and whistling monster in the earliest existing literature records. We will discuss this fairy tale through another poem by Li Shangyin, Yaochi.
In the first sentence of this poem, "Mother Yaochi" refers to the Queen Mother. Huang Zhuge is a mourning poem written by Mu Wang, and eight horses are the eight horses that Mu Wang rode. Their names are: Jedi, Feather Turn, Night Walk, Shadow Rise, Brilliance, Fog and Wing. The poem is about the son of King Zhao of Zhou who reigned for fifty-five years.
The main idea of the poem is that the Queen Mother of the West, who lives in Yaochi, Kunlun Mountain, opened her beautiful window. This is the place where she entertained King Mu. When she was waiting by the window, she hoped that Mu Wang would come again, but she only heard Mu Wang feel pity when he saw the freezing cold, the north wind falling and the roads freezing. She wrote a poem mourning for the people-"Huangzhu Song", and the sad song reached Kunlun Mountain. The Queen Mother of the West thought, Mu?
The record of the Queen Mother of the West was first seen in Shan Hai Jing: "Yushan is the residence of the Queen Mother of the West. The Queen Mother of the West, who looks like a human being, has leopard tail and tiger teeth and is good at whistling. She has Dai Sheng in her hair (wearing flowers on her head), who is the god in charge of the perfection of heaven and the five disabilities (plague and punishment). 」
Haibei Jing records: "The Queen Mother of the West is in Dai Sheng, and there are three bluebirds in the south, which were taken by the Queen Mother and fed in the north of Kunlun. 」
In these two records, the queen mother described in the previous paragraph looks terrible, while in the latter paragraph, three bluebirds are added to feed on the queen mother. The description in Xiye Jing in the same book is more detailed: "To the south of the West Sea, there is a small flowing shore. After Chishui and before Heishui, there is a big mountain called Kunlun Mountain. There is a god-tiger, whose face and tail are white (with white spots). Below it, there is a deep weak water ring, outside it, there is a burning volcano, you can throw things (burn). Some people call Dai Sheng, tiger tooth leopard tail, known as the Queen Mother of the West. This mountain has everything. 」
This record describes in detail the environment around the cave where the Queen Mother of the West lived. In the book Shan Hai Jing, the myth about the Queen Mother of the West is recorded like this.
Later, he said in "Huainanzi Ghost Story": "I invited the elixir to the Queen Mother, and Heng E (Chang 'e) stole it to the moon. ",that is, we said in the last article, there is no explanation about the appearance of the queen.
However, great changes have taken place in the record of the Queen Mother of the West in Mu Zhuan. "Biography of Mu" said: "It is an auspicious day, and the son of heaven is the guest of the Queen Mother of the West, holding Xu Anbi to meet the Queen Mother of the West. ..... Ugly, the son of heaven put the Queen Mother of the West on the Yaochi, and the Queen Mother of the West was the son of heaven, saying, "White clouds are in the sky, mountains are outside, roads are far away, and mountains and rivers are among them. My son won't die, but he can still come back. "The son of heaven replied," Give it back to the land of the East and rule all the summers safely, and all the people will be even. I once cared for you, and after three years, I will return to the wild (and come back here). "
The queen mother here has changed from a monster to a master who can sing and entertain the king. I have an appointment with Mu Tian Zi to see you tomorrow. ?
Later, in the story of Hanwu, there was a passage about the meeting of the Queen Mother of the West with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which described the Queen Mother of the West in more detail: "On July 7, I went to Chenghua Dianzhai (referring to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty). At noon, I suddenly saw a bluebird flying from the west ... It was a seven-minute night leak, and the sky in Wan Li was cloudless, like thunder, and the sky was purple. After a while, the queen mother arrived, riding a purple car, riding a jade girl, Dai Qisheng, and two bluebirds, waiting beside her, getting off the bus, greeting her, and sitting with her, asking for elixir. 」
The Queen Mother of the West here is the Queen Mother of the West, assisted by a jade girl and followed by a jade bird.
The Story of Hanwu gives a more vivid description of gfd, the Queen Mother of the West: "The Queen Mother is sitting in the east of the palace, wearing a golden cloak, with brilliant literary talent, elegant appearance and beautiful eyes. The emperor's spirit is flying in the big ribbon, wearing a sword and a gorgeous bun, wearing a swaddling crown in the morning and walking in Yuan." 」
The myth of the Queen Mother of the West spread to the Han Dynasty and became a graceful and beautiful fairy, which was far from the original monster with tiger teeth and leopard tail.
In Li Shangyin's poems, the son of Mu, such as the Queen Mother of the West, came to Yaochi again. Liezi Zhou Muwang, in addition to the previous Biography of Mu Zi, also recorded: "He didn't care about state affairs, was at odds with male and female servants, and traveled everywhere ... so he was a guest of the Queen Mother, and he was above Yaochi. The queen mother of the west is the son of heaven, and Wang's words are sad. The two can be compared with each other. ?
Li Shangyin wrote this poem with the myth of the Queen Mother of the West, which is quite ironic. The last sentence in the poem, "Why is King Mu never coming back", is based on the singing of the Queen Mother of the West, inviting Mu's son back-"If his son is not dead, can he come to Yaochi again?" Mutianzi answered her, go back and settle all the people, and come back in three years. However, the Queen Mother yearned for it, and Mu Wang didn't go to Yaochi again. The poet deliberately used the question "Why not start over" to satirize people who have become immortal and want to live forever. After all, it's just an illusion. With this way of satirizing current events through myths and legends, I hope I can give some warnings to those Immortal Technique monarchs and ministers who were superstitious about immortality in the Han Dynasty. ?
Li Shangyin, the author of Yaochi, was born in Xingyang, Henan Province (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He was originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Jiaozuo, Henan Province) and was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at poetry writing, and his parallel prose also has high literary value. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Together with Du Mu, it is called "Xiao", and together with Wen, it is called "Wen Li". Because his poems and essays are similar to the paragraphs and essays of the same period, all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, so they are also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems and untitled poems are touching, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Hanoi (now the junction of Qinyang City and Aibo County in Henan Province). His works are included in Li Yishan's poems.
Li Shangyin's Other Works ○ Chang 'e
Untitled time was long before I met her, but even longer after we broke up.
A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night.
A. gold
Frost moon
○ More works by Li Shangyin