Yishui has sounds and makes music, resounding throughout the past and present without stopping; the cold water does not go away to see the strength of the wind, and the long rivers divide themselves; the Tang water flows through the sea in a subtle way, and the meandering flow reveals the spring and autumn; I think about the emptiness for a long time Worry about the past and listen to the sound of water flowing eastward.
"Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Yishui River passes through the Great Wall of Yan in the east, and then goes eastward and gradually leaves the south of the city, where it builds the Prince's Alchemy Pavilion. Jianli City was located in the southwest of present-day Yixian County, Hebei Province, where Prince Dan of Yan set up his residence and settled Gao Jianli. "Historical Records: Biographies of Assassins" says that next year, Qin will unite the world and establish himself as the emperor. Therefore, Qin will expel Prince Dan and Jing Ke's guests, and all of them will die. "It was in the "next year" that Sima Qian said, that is, in 222 BC, that Gao Jianli took the lead-filled building to assassinate the First Emperor but failed. "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and a strong man will never return once he is gone." This is an eternal masterpiece. Gao Jianli Following in the footsteps of Jing Ke, he broke into the Qin Palace alone and died generously to rebel against the Qin Dynasty. Later, Zhang Liang assassinated Qin Shihuang to avenge the death of his country and his family. After that, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled. It aroused a wave of civilian resistance. Liu Bang followed in the footsteps of Chen and Wu and launched the Snake Rebellion. When the Chu and Han Dynasties fought for hegemony, the Qin Empire also came to an end. Jiyue was widely circulated in the pre-Qin Dynasty. Gao Jianli was good at building construction. After Jing Ke died, he hid in Song Dynasty, which is now Songcheng Village, Zhao County, Hebei Province. He was employed as a bartender and a handyman. "Everyone left without tears" comes from "Historical Records: Biographies of Assassins". Gao Jianli won a good reputation by building buildings in public, and also found the opportunity to assassinate Qin. Sima Qian also said that Song Zi sent guests to him and heard about it from Qin Shihuang. The first emperor heard that people in Song Zicheng said that Gao Jianli would meet The invitation was sent out when the building was struck, probably because the sound of building and the sound of Qin can produce a sound, right?
"The Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests" says that the husband beat the urn, percussed on the fou, played the zither, and sang. Those who are quick to hear are the voices of the real Qin. At that time, Li Si talked about jewelry, good horses and music, in order to persuade Qin Yingzheng to take back his life, so as to achieve the goal of strengthening the country. Bi is indeed the voice of the true Qin! "Zuo Zhuan·Xiang Gong's 29th Year" says that when Wu Gongzi came to hire him, he asked Yu Zhoule (the envoy) to sing "Qin" for him and said: "This is what he said. Xia Sheng. If you can do it in the summer, it will be great. When it is great, it will be as old as the Zhou Dynasty. "Ji Zha is the fourth son of King Shoumeng of Wu. Hearing "Qin Feng" is so grand that he thought it was a song from the old land of the Zhou Dynasty. Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty said that Qin was originally located to the west of Xirong and Ganlong. Qin Zhong began to have chariots and horses, rituals and music, and went to Rong. The sound of Di has the sound of all the Xia, so it is called the sound of Xia. The "Jingxuan Envoy's Jue Daiyu Interpretation of Dialects of Other Countries" also says that Xia is the most powerful thing in the world between Qin and Jin. Those who love greatness call it summer. "Seeing a gentleman, sitting with a drum and a spring" comes from "The Book of Songs, Guofeng, Qin Feng". The poem is based on rhymes. In addition to the elegance of Zhou music, it also loses the rough Rong and Di sounds. The majestic momentum shows the strength of the Qin people. Jian Zhi Feng. "Historical Records" said that (Gao Jianli) came closer and failed to build the Qin Emperor. When Gao Jianli tried to attack Qin Shihuang, the sound of the building stopped suddenly, but the sound of sadness and excitement was not necessarily there. It only lasted three days.
Yuefu was an official office established by the imperial court to manage music since the Qin Dynasty. After the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, it still followed its name. The scholars and the Xiongnu competed again and again. As for the sound of Qin, it did not develop much. However, the Qin Dynasty established Yuefu institutions, which allowed the music culture after the Western Han Dynasty to flourish. However, music was just a part of Qin culture. " "The most virtuous person does not follow the common people, and the person who achieves great success does not seek help from others" comes from "Guo Yan's Law". This is the essence of Qin culture and the basis for Qin's ability to conquer the six kingdoms and unify the world.
In the twenty-fifth year of the First Emperor's reign, Qin general Wang Tan led an army to attack Yan. King Xi of Yan was captured and the country fell. Qin followed the old system of Yan and still implemented the county system. After that, Qin Shi Huang began to use local county officials to promote and spread Qin. Culture. "Historical Records" said that Qin Shihuang ruled Chidao in the 27th year of his reign. "Hanshu Jiashan Biography" also said that Qin was Chidao in the world, with Yan Qi in the east and Wu Chu in the South Pole, above the rivers and lakes, and on the coast. Bi Zhi. Ying Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty said that Chi Dao is the way of the emperor. "Governing Chi Dao" is only the external manifestation of the Qin State's promotion of Qin culture, and the ultimate goal is to implant its essence into the fertile soil of Chinese culture! p> Qin Xiaogong said, "Now I want to change the law to govern and teach the people more politely, but I am afraid that the world will judge me." His position was not so firm, but Qin was located in Yongzhou, and the princes regarded it as a barbarian state. Even the emperor of Zhou ignored Qin when his power was evaded. It is no wonder that Qin Xiaogong said angrily: "The princes despise Qin." , there is nothing more ugly than that. "Shang Yang's reform finally became a reality. Politics and secularity were separated, and utilitarianism was combined with national consciousness to establish a unified feudal regime. This was also the Qin cultural spirit promoted by the First Emperor! Before Shang Yang's reform, Qin still inherited a simple and rustic tribal culture. , but after the free and unrestrained humanistic cultural spirit was replaced, in addition to maintaining the sturdy and vigorous legacy, the political and cultural dictatorship of the Qin State was also the first to arouse resistance from the people. , especially at the beginning of the change of dynasties, the princes, generals and ministers were really helpless. Gao Jianli followed Jing Ke to assassinate Qin Yingzheng again. After that, the wave of anti-Qin was getting stronger and stronger. Apart from the chivalrous heart of the world, there should be no one. Ignore the deep-seated cultural psychology. Zou-Lu culture, Chu-Yue culture and Qi culture did not disappear after the unification of Qin. What's more, the Yan-Zhao character has always permeated into Chinese culture.
"Yanshan Mountain rises from Gao'e in the north, and Yishui flows eastward without stopping" comes from "Fu Yishui Sends People to Yan" written by Wang Gong of the Ming Dynasty. The spiritual evolution was also ups and downs before the Western Han Dynasty, but the vastness of China, embracing all rivers, finally condensed the essence that will last forever!
"Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Yishui River merges with the Rushui River to the east, and the water flows out of the south valley of Qingdu Mountain in the northwest of Gu'an County. The Ru River leads southeast to the west of Qiguan, which is where Jing Ke was given his head. Qiongdu Mountain is located in Matou, twenty miles north of present-day Yi County, Hebei Province, also known as Matou Mountain. Fan Yuqi was a general of the Qin State. In 233 BC, which was the 14th year of the Qin Dynasty, he led Qin to attack Zhao and was defeated. He fled to the State of Yan out of fear of crime and became a general. The King of Qin was furious and killed all Fan Yuqi's parents and clan. Fan Yuqi knew that when Jing Ke went to assassinate the King of Qin, he not only wanted Dukang Tu but also his head, so he killed himself to avenge his family. "Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Ru River flows from the southeast to the north of Jing Ke's pavilion. In the past, Yan Dan received Tian Sheng's words and respected Ke Shangqing, so the pavilion was located here. Jing Ke was a native of the Wei State. He liked reading and was good at fencing. When he met Tian Guangcai, a scholar of the Yan State, he served as Prince Dan of Yan. "Historical Records: Biographies of Assassins" says that Ji Zheng was established as the king of Qin, and his elixir quality was in Qin. The King of Qin was not kind to Prince Dan of Yan, so he died in resentment. Those who return to seek retribution to the King of Qin have a small country and are unable to do anything. "Historical Records: Biographies of Assassins" also says that later Qin sent troops to Shandong to attack Qi, Chu, and the three Jin Dynasties, slightly cannibalizing the princes, and even Yan. The king and ministers of Yan are all afraid of disaster. In addition to personal grievances between Prince Dan of Yan and Qin Yingzheng, there is also the worry of national subjugation, so it makes sense for him to ask someone to assassinate Qin.
"Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Yishui River passes eastward to the south of the old city of Yixian County. In the past, Duke Wen of Yan moved to Yi, which is where this city was. Kan Peng of the Northern Wei Dynasty called Prince Dan and sent Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin. Those who knew the plan from the guests had their ancestors on the Yishui River. Li Daoyuan said that Jing Ke and Prince Dan of Yan said goodbye to the south of Wuyang City, but still did not leave Yishui. "Warring States Policy·Yan Ce" says that Gao Jianli built buildings and Jing Ke sang in harmony, which was the voice of revolutionary conquest. "Huainanzi Terrain Training" says that changing the emblem to Shang means Gai Beiyin. Gong, Shang, Jiao, Bian Zheng, Zheng, Yu and Bian Gong are the seven syllables of ancient music. Music with Bian Zheng as the main tone is also extremely desolate. "Shui Jing Zhu" says that Gao Jianli was building a building, and Song Ruyi was harmonizing with it. It was a majestic sound, and all the soldiers' hair rushed to their crowns; it was a mournful sound, and all the soldiers shed tears. During the Warring States Period, Bianzhengzhiyin was originally the basic title of court rituals and music, but even Gao Jianli was so skilled in the art of performing it, which shows that it has been widely spread among the scholars and people of Yan State.
"Le Yi's Report to the King of Yan" says that the King of Qi escaped from Ju and escaped only with his own body. Jewels, jade, treasures, chariots, armor, and treasures were all collected in Yan. Da Lu Chen Yu Yuanying, so the tripod turned to Lishi, and all the utensils were installed in Ningtai. "Historical Records: Biography of Pingyuan Jun Yu Qing" says that as soon as Mr. Mao arrived in Chu, he made Zhao more important than Jiuding Dalu. "Historical Records of Justice" says that Da Lu is the big bell of Zhou Temple. In the twenty-eighth year of King Yan Zhao, Le Yi united the four countries of Qin, Han, Zhao and Wei to attack Qi. They fought fiercely in Jixi and defeated the Qi army. Lexuan is the hanging of musical instruments such as bells and chimes. The formation of a system is due to Zhou rites. They are arranged in order according to different political connotations, and there is a strict hierarchical Lexuan system. King Yan Zhao placed Da Lu captured from Qi State in the Yuanying Hall, and before the "Old Tripod" and "Qi Qi", he undoubtedly regarded it as an important weapon of the country. Da Lu is also the name of the ancient musical rhythm, which is divided into twelve rhythms, with six yin and yang, each of the six yin is called Lu, and the fourth is Da Lu. "Zhou Li·Chun Guan·Da Si Yue" says that it is to play the yellow bell, sing the song Da Lu, and dance on the cloud gate to worship the gods. Zhou Gong’s system of rituals was the forerunner of Confucianism. However, since the collapse of rituals in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism has never been able to take the lead in the contention of a hundred schools of thought. It's just that in addition to the Qin State who lives in the west and is light on etiquette, the Qi State that dominates the princes also downplays the constraints of etiquette, which is naturally different from the Lu State that respects etiquette. As for the Yan State, Da Lu was placed in a prominent position, but for political considerations. Prince Dan of Yan was determined to assassinate Qin, but lamented that "the country is small and powerless." In addition to the reasons of region and national power, the diverse social and cultural psychology is extremely complex, which is also a factor that cannot be ignored when Yan is eventually replaced by Qin.
"Historical Records: Yan Zhaogong Family" says that Yan is the weakest among the powerful countries. "The few people and the barbarians are seeking refuge" comes from "Warring States Policy: Yan Ceyi". This is what the King of Yan said to Zhang Yi. It contains the meaning of self-effacement, but it is also an identification of his own identity. Confucius traveled around the world and only looked down upon Yan, and no trace of a saint entering Yan was recorded in the history books. During the Spring and Autumn Period, hundreds of schools of thought contended, and Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism all shone brightly, but only Yan had no local theories. The Yan State is located in the north, where farming culture and nomadic culture coexist. The production method determines the cultural method. It is in a bitter cold land, and conflicts with barbarian tribes are inevitable. It is not surprising that the culture lags behind other countries. Region and way of living determine the diversity of Yan culture, and diversified contacts lead to natural integration after collision. Some people say that Shang originated from Youyan, and that Yan people's worship of martial arts and ghosts should be a legacy of Yin and Shang. "The Book of Songs·Shang Song·Xuanniao" says that the ancient emperor ordered Wu Tang to control the four directions. Merchants do not pay attention to "virtue", and their praises of former kings do not mention their virtues, but praise their military achievements. As for etiquette, the culture of etiquette and music during the Yin and Shang Dynasties was only in its infancy, and was nothing more than an external manifestation of worshiping martial arts and worshiping ghosts. The legacy of the Yin and Shang Dynasties directly affected the culture of Yan. The worship of martial arts created the chivalrous character of the Yan people. Only by dying generously did they create tragic songs! It's just that Yan culture has unavoidable contradictions. King Wu's rise to the Zhou Dynasty led to the prevalence of ritual and music culture, and the Yan land was under the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, so Zhou culture inevitably spread. Zhou culture takes "ritual" and "virtue" as the core values. "Only virtue is the supplement" comes from "Shangshu Cai Zhongzhi". Ritual and virtue are cause and effect for each other, and only by cultivating virtue and advocating etiquette can they achieve perfect unity.
However, the nobles of the Zhou royal family who were granted the title of Yan had great limitations as disseminators of Zhou culture. As a result, the monarchs of Yan always had a contradictory and complicated mentality. While maintaining Zhou culture, they had to take care of them. local culture. In this way, compared with the powerful Qin culture, the "softness" of Yan culture cannot but be said to be a fatal flaw. The key is that the strength of Qin culture is of a group nature, but the Yan people's worship of martial arts is of an individual nature. Jing Ke went west to assassinate the Qin Dynasty with the oath of "never returning", Fan Yuqi presented his head as an adult, and Gao Jianli blinded his eyes and threw buildings to attack Yingzheng. Indeed, they all "do not deceive their ambitions and their names will be remembered by future generations"! Just comparing Jing Ke, Fan Yuqi and Gao Jianli with the Qin people who conquered the six kingdoms and unified them, the differences between individuals and groups are obvious. Fortunately, one culture will not be easily wiped out by another culture. What's more, the life span of Qin Dynasty was extremely short. Yan and Zhao were adjacent to each other. The two cultures with the same tone also enriched the civilization of China!
"Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Qishui River passes eastward and south of the old city of Tang County. These two cities are both in the Yangtze River, so it is said that the Qishui River passes south of it. There is another water in the west of the city. A spring gushes out from the flat land in the northwest of Daoyuan County. It is also called Tangshui by the common people. Its water flows south into a small ditch and flows down the Qishui River. "Zhongshan governs Lunu, and the old city of Tang County is seventy-five miles north of the country" comes from "Thirteen Prefectures Chronicles", but Li Daoyuan denied Kan Peng's theory. "Historical Records" says that after the death of Emperor Ku's family, Emperor Yao's family was established, and the title was first granted in the Tang Dynasty. "Shui Jing Zhu" also said that archaeological knowledge of the present is completely contrary to the meaning of the matter. The ancient city, which is the popular and famous capital, is eighty miles away, and the distance from Zhongshan City is seventy miles away. After checking the road, it is suitable to be the city of Tang Dynasty. Li Daoyuan said that Tang City was Zhongshan City and was the capital of Duke Wu, who had the same surname as the King of Zhou. Duke Wu who lived in Tangcheng was the son of Duke Wen of Zhongshan and the second monarch of Zhongshan Kingdom. The Zhou royal family declined and Chidi invaded. Duke Huan of Qi, who dominated the princes, sent Guan Zhong to fight against it and built cities to consolidate the border defenses. "Shui Jing Zhu" says that after that, Duke Huan showed no interest in state affairs. King Zhou asked Tai Shi Yu: "Which of the princes will perish first?" He said: People are born with different orders, so they are different from animals. Today in Zhongshan, people are in a state of obscenity and happiness, and their desires are unbridled, so they will die first. Duke Wu of Zhongshan was in a coma and happy, and as expected, King Wuling of Zhao destroyed the country in 296 BC. Duke Huan of Qi was mediocre in his later years. After his death, many monarchs of Jiang and Qi succeeded him. It was only that Duke Huan of Qi, like King Wuling of Zhao who strengthened the country with "Hufu riding and shooting", had extraordinary skills to dominate the princes. Especially after worshiping Guan Zhong as prime minister, he rectified the government internally and carried out routine reforms. Externally, he respected the king and resisted the barbarians, and his survival continued. Since then, the distance between Qi State and Zou Lu, which is just around the corner, has widened. Baidu Chinese has many interpretations of "Zou Lu". The most noteworthy one is that it refers to a place with prosperous culture and a state of etiquette and justice. According to Zou Lu's explanation, Qi, as Jiang Ziya's vassal state, is no longer a state of etiquette. This conclusion seems to be inconsistent with reason and emotion, but it seems to be reasonable with reason and emotion. This is naturally contradictory. It's just that everything is in the midst of contradictions, so it is necessary to temporarily leave Tangshui and approach Jishui.
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were an important period of transformation. New ethical concepts and old customs formed an irreconcilable opposition. Sociologists call the behavior of nostalgic for the past the past. "Historical Records·Hua Biography" says that if it is a meeting in the state, men and women sit together, drink wine and stay, Liu Bo throws pots, introduce each other to Cao Cao, shake hands without penalty, eyes can't help, there is an Er in front and a hairpin behind. Kun was so happy about this that he could drink eight buckets of wine and get drunk from two or three buckets. Chunyu Kun used it as a negative teaching material to admonish King Wei of Qi, and also said that "words cannot be said to the extreme, or they will fade away if they are extreme". Men and women sitting at the same table lost their sense of proportion, damaged their appearance and violated morals. Compared with Zou Lu who talked about the differences between men and women, he was indeed very different from Qi.
"Hanshu Geography" says that (Qi) suffers from sea and salt water, and lacks grain and people. "Jiang Ziya assisted King Wu in defeating Zhou and granted him the land of Qi. Sima Qian said that (Jiang Taigong) encouraged women to work as workers, so as to benefit from fish and salt, and the people would converge. "The industry of trade and industry will bring benefits from fish and salt, and the people If more people come together, Qi will become a great country." This is what Sima Qian said, but when a country becomes rich and powerful, does it mean that it will stop practicing etiquette? No. "Historical Records" says that when Taigong came to the country, he revised the government and simplified its etiquette because of its customs. Jiang Taigong simplified etiquette. Instead of going to the ceremony, the camp was punished for the chaos of etiquette, and doting on children is not benevolence; "the wife is the eldest and the husband worships her" is not righteousness. Jiang Taigong's emphasis on benevolence, etiquette, righteousness and morality not only continued the Zhou Dynasty. Etiquette also made Confucianism possible, especially in Qilu. After Jiang Ziya's death, later monarchs continued his legacy to strengthen the country and rejuvenate the country, but his spiritual changes gradually reversed. In the year of the great disaster, Guan Zhong once asked the question. Duke Huan of Qi said that if the caves of Dansha are not blocked, the merchants will not be able to live in them, and the poor will do it. The people will live in idleness, and they will not be able to do it alone, but will become livestock because of the prosperity of business. The rejuvenation of the country is an effective measure for Guan Zhong to make the country prosperous. It is in line with the laws of the market that "the rich are extravagant and the poor are impatient", but the more intense the "exuberance", the worse the result will be, "Guanzi·Xiaokuang" said, Gaotai. In Guangchi, Zhan is enjoying drinking, hunting and roaming in the fields, not listening to the state affairs, being humble and insulting the scholars, only favoring women, having nine concubines and six concubines, and thousands of concubines. His food must be made of beams of meat, and his clothes must be embroidered. Guan Zhong is talking about Qi Xianggong. He was extremely extravagant when he was in power, but what about him? "Liezi Yang Zhu" said that Guan Zhong was in harmony with others. "Lewdness" does not mean that he is as lustful as a monarch. Duke Huan of Qi was not a good monarch. As a prime minister, he could only be too obedient. Even Confucius admired him as a great person. In fact, Guan Zhong had to do that. "The rich are extravagant". That's the slogan. When Duke Huan of Qi makes a country rich, it's natural to be greedy, but the more money he gets, the more the poor will work hard to do it.
But the problem came again. King Wei of Qi was the monarch of Tian Qi. He appointed Chunyu Kun as a political minister. Let’s not talk about whether the ministers were in agreement and obeyed. After all, it was inappropriate for men and women to sit together and drink together. Whose fault is it? It seems that there is no need to find a person to bear the sin of the past. Qi is a country that focuses on business and is rich, but those who "do it" may not be unaffected. What's more, "If there is a good person above, there will be something bad below." It is also a wise saying. "The sun in the east is coming, and that concubine is in my room. Come in my room, and I am here." It comes from "The Book of Songs·Qi Feng·The Sun in the East", "Preface to Mao's Poems" says that monarchs and ministers are immoral, men and women are immoral. Ben cannot be transformed into etiquette. It's just that "Shiqie" says: If you don't welcome someone in person, it's said that there is a beautiful woman who shines brightly and comes from nowhere, just like the first sunrise in the east. There have always been mixed reviews about the poem "Eastern Sun", but if you are from Zou Lu, you will definitely be more reserved. There is also controversy over the incest between Duke Xianggang of Qi and brother and sister Wen Jiang, but Duke Huan of Lu actually died because of his wife's indiscretion. It would be meaningless to say that "there is a good man", but what can we say if we don't say it? It's just that Confucius was not born when Duke Xianggong of Qi was in power, but when Jiang Taigong passed away, his voice was still there? Fortunately, during the Warring States Period, Mencius and Xunzi both tried their best to promote the cultural integration of Qi and Lu. Confucianism also influenced the people of Qi, and the spiritual change was reversed again. The integration of Qi and Lu seems to be a good thing, but it doesn't seem to be a good thing. However, whether it is right or not has its own sound, so there is no need to say too much, right?
As for Duke Wu of Zhongshan, Zhongshan Kingdom itself was a small country established by Bai Di. Bai Di belongs to the Di people and lives in the west. At first, they were enslaved by the Red Di people. When they expanded eastward and gained strength, they continued to conflict with their Chinese neighbors. It's just that the Baidi people and the Huaxia people are fighting together, and it's difficult to integrate them into one body for a while. In this way, Duke Wu of Zhongshan will not be bound by etiquette, and the so-called "indulgence, pleasure, and unrestrained lust" should be logical. However, after the Wei State destroyed the Zhongshan State, Zhongshan Duke Huan restored the state, and its national power was at its peak, but it was eventually destroyed by the Zhao State. Tangshui has its own source, which can eventually be injected into Qishui, which in turn flows to the Great Wall into Yishui.
In fact, the flow of water in the world is like this, but why isn’t the flow of spirit so twisting and changing?