loom upstairs. One chirp after another, Mulan was weaving at the door. There was no sound of weaving, only Mulan's sigh. (exaggeration)
Ask Mulan what she is thinking and what she is missing. (Mulan said) I didn't think anything, nor did I miss anything. Last night, I saw the announcement in the army and learned that the emperor was (is) recruiting troops on a large scale. There are many books on the list of conscription, and each book has his father's name. My father didn't grow up to be a son, and Mulan didn't have a brother. (I) would like to buy a pommel horse for this, and then go out instead of my father.
Mulan bought horses, saddle cushions, chews for controlling animals, reins and whips everywhere in the market. (East, West, South and North markets are just a rhetorical device called intertextuality, not going to East, West, South and North markets. The rhetorical device is "intertextuality". In the morning, I bid farewell to my parents and set out on the road. In the evening, I camped by the Yellow River. I couldn't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I could only hear the sound of the Yellow River. Mulan said goodbye to the Yellow River in the morning and arrived at Yanshantou in the evening. She could not hear her parents calling for her daughter, but could only hear the neighing of the horses of Yanshan Hu people.
Mulan went to the battlefield not far from Wan Li, and flew over the passes and mountains. The cold in the north transmits the sound of playing, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. Generals and strong men have fought many battles, and after several years, some died in battle, while others survived and triumphed.
Mulan was lucky to return after more than ten years. When he returned from victory, he appeared before the emperor, who sat in the palace (rewarding his merits). Mulan was remembered for her great contribution and given a lot of property. The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted. Mulan didn't want to be a Shang Shulang, but only wanted to ride a swift horse and return to her hometown.
When parents heard that their daughter was back, they helped each other to meet Mulan in the outer city. When my sister heard that my sister was back, she dressed up in front of the door. When my brother heard that my sister was back, he was busy sharpening his knife to kill pigs and sheep. Mulan went back to her original room, opened the doors of each room, sat on the beds in each room for a while, took off her war gown, put on her old dress, combed her cloud-like hair in front of the mirror in front of the window and pasted decorations on her face. When I went out to meet my fellow soldiers, they were all surprised: after many years of traveling together, I didn't even know Mulan was a girl.
It is said that when the rabbit's ears are hung in mid-air, the two front feet of the male rabbit always move, and the eyes of the female rabbit always squint. How can you tell which rabbit is the male and which is the female when the two rabbits run side by side? Note
1. Haw (jī jī): (controversial) There are three kinds: loom sound, sigh sound and insect sound. Or "the sound of the loom."
2. loom sound: the sound made by the loom. Machine: refers to the loom. Rafter: weaving shuttle (SU not).
3. Wei is the same as Wei. Only.
4. Military post: a document for conscription.
5. Khan (kè hán): the title of the monarch by the ethnic groups in ancient northwest China
6. Twelve volumes of military books: there are many volumes of conscription lists. Twelve means a lot, not exactly. The following "ten years" and "twelve years" are used in the same way.
7. grandpa: the same as "grandpa" below, both refer to father.
8. Willing to be a city pommel horse: Yes, for this. Market, buy. Pommel horse, generally refers to horses and harnesses.
9. jiān: the cushion under the saddle.
1. bridle: bridle. Pèi: Chew and reins for driving animals.
11. splash (jiān jiān): shallow, rushing sound.
12. Chao Dan: Morning.
13. Hu Qi (j): Hu people's war horse. Hu, an ancient name for northern minorities.
14. jiū jiū: The sound of horses barking.
15. Wan Li went to Rongji: not far from Wan Li, he went to the battlefield. Military aircraft: war.
16. If you fly through the mountains, you can fly over the mountains like flying. Degree, over.
17. Shuo Qi transmits Jin Ji: The cold in the north transmits the sound of playing overtime. New moon, north. Jin (tuò), an instrument used in ancient military vigils.
18. zhuàn: Remember a lot of merits. Ce Xun, record merit. Twelve turns: it is not an exact number, and it is described as great and extremely high.
19. Reward the top 1: give a lot of property. Hundred thousand: describe a large number. Strong, more than enough.
2. Ask what you want: Ask (Mulan) what she wants.
21. No: I don't want to do it.
22. Shang Shulang: Ancient official name.
23. I wish to ride a thousand miles: I hope to ride a thousand miles. A thousand miles: refers to being good and going a long way.
24. Guo: Out of town.
25. Helpers: Support.
26. Sister (zǐ): Sister.
27. red makeup (zhuāng) refers to the gorgeous costumes of women.
28. Huohuo: The sound of sharpening a knife.
29. write: wear.
3. cloud sideburns (bìn): sideburns like clouds describe beautiful hair.
31. yellow flowers: the same as "paste". Flower yellow, a facial ornament of ancient women.
32. The male rabbit's feet are confusing, and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred: It is said that when the rabbit's ears are hung in the air, the male rabbit's front feet move all the time, and the female rabbit's eyes are often narrowed, so it is easy to identify. Jump, move Blurred and squinting.
33. When two rabbits walk beside the ground, I can tell whether I am a male or a female. When the two rabbits run side by side, how can we tell which is the male and which is the female? Walk beside the ground and run side by side.
34. Fire companion: In ancient times, people who fought together ate in the same pot, but later disagreed with those who were peers
Words
A. Pronunciation: loom [〔zǐ〕 ù] saddle [ā n ji ā n] [pè i] head ringing and splashing [ji]. Stick [ti] yellow flowers; Copybook [tiè]
Generic words:
①. Yellow mirror posts: "post" means "paste", paste, paste.
Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
①. Ye: the ancient meaning refers to father, eg: the volume has the name of Ye; Today refers to grandpa, the father's father.
②. Walking: the ancient meaning means running, and two rabbits walk beside the ground; Walking in this sense.
③. But: the ancient meaning is only, adverb, eg: But I smell the splashing of the Yellow River; Nowadays, it is often used as a turning conjunction.
④. Guo: in ancient times, it was an outer city, eg: going out of the country to help the generals; Today it is only used as a surname.
⑤. Household: in ancient times, it was a door, and Mulan was a household weaving; Family and family status in this sense.
⑥ blurred: the ancient meaning is squinting, but the present meaning is vague and difficult to distinguish clearly.
⑦ Twelve: In ancient times, there were many imaginary numbers; in modern times, numerals were twelve.
the word is ambiguous:
market: a. market, eg: buy horses in the east market; B.buy, eg: I would like to be a city pommel horse. (Nouns are used as verbs. I am willing to buy pommel horse for this. )
buy: a. buy (things), eg: buy horses in the east market; B. hire, rent, eg: I want to buy a boat.
Willing: A is willing, and eg is willing to be a city pommel horse; B I hope that eg is willing to use the words
flexibly:
①. What is the interrogative pronoun "He" as a verb? Ask the woman what she thinks
②. Use the noun "ce" as a verb and register. Twelve turns of the policy
③. The verb "riding" is used as a noun, and it is a war horse. However, I heard that Yanshan Hu Qiming was chirping
Translation of special sentence patterns and key sentences
①. Ellipsis: I wish to be a city pommel horse. I would like to be a pommel horse in this city. This refers to the fact that my father joined the army. )
I am willing to buy a pommel horse for this.
②. Inverted sentence: Ask a woman what she thinks ("what she thinks" is the inversion of "what she thinks". Prepositional object. )
What is your daughter thinking?
③. When Wan Li went to Rongji, it would be like flying through the mountains. The new moon's breath transmits gold, and the cold light illuminates iron clothes. The general died in hundreds of battles, and the strong man returned in ten years: (Mulan) Not far from Wan Li, she went to the battlefield and flew over the passes and mountains. The cold in the north transmits the sound of playing, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. Generals and strong men have fought many battles, and after several years, some died in battle, while others survived and triumphed.
④. When the window is arranged with clouds and temples, the mirror is decorated with yellow flowers: the hair is arranged in front of the window and the mirror is decorated. [Edit this paragraph] Editor's brief introduction
Guo Maoqian, whose name is De charm, was born in Song Dynasty (Supplement to the Chronicle of Song Poetry, Volume 24) and in Xucheng, Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong Province) (History of Song Dynasty, Volume 297, Guo Quanchuan). Advise sun, source mingzi. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (184), Shenzong joined the army for Cao Fa, a government official in Henan Province (Collection of Duke Wei of Su, Volume 59, Epitaph of Guo Jun). There are hundreds of volumes of Yuefu Poems handed down from generation to generation, which are valued by academic circles for their excellent textual research on solving problems. Mulan Poetry, also known as Mulan Ci, is unknown in its author and time. At present, it is generally believed in academic circles that this poem has been recorded in Gu Jin Le Lu, an interpreter of wisdom (Chen), so its time of production will not be later than that of Chen Dynasty, and it may have been polished by literati in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is a Yuefu folk song in the northern part of China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It tells the story of Mulan disguised as a man, joined the army instead of her father, fought in the battlefield, returned to the DPRK in triumph, made meritorious deeds, resigned and returned to her hometown, which is full of legend. [Edit this paragraph] Creation background
There are mainly two kinds of statements about Mulan's age:
First, the Northern Wei Emperor Tai Wu broke the soft period to Peking University.
second: during the yining period of emperor sui gong, Turks invaded the border.
Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. She fought in the battlefield for 12 years and made many meritorious deeds. No one found her to be a woman. In the Tang Dynasty, he was named General Xiao Lie and set up a shrine to commemorate him. There are different opinions on the time when it came into being, but from the historical and geographical conditions, it can be judged that things and poems may have come into being in the post-Wei Dynasty. This poem originated from the people, and in the long-term spread process, it has traces of being polished by later generations of literati, but it basically preserves the characteristics of folk songs that are easy to remember and recite. Yuefu Poetry Collection is the most complete collection of Yuefu songs, in which the folk songs vividly reflect the social life and local people at that time, and are divided into two parts: southern songs and northern songs. Southern songs, that is, folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, pay attention to lyricism, flashy language, delicate words and euphemistic style. Northern songs, that is, northern folk songs, have a wide range of themes, strong style, enthusiasm and simplicity. "Mulan Poetry" and "Peacock Flying Southeast" in the Southern Dynasties folk songs are both called long narrative poems. [Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Yuefu Poetry
Following the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, a new poetic style that can be sung with music appeared in the literary history of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, called Yuefu, which once shined brilliantly and became an organic part of the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
"Yuefu", originally the name of the official office, is responsible for composing music, training musicians, collecting poems and folk songs for the imperial court to sing during the sacrificial banquet, observing local conditions and customs, and examining political gains and losses. The system of poetry collection in China has a long history, and there is a record of poetry collection in Xia Shu Yin Zheng. The Book of Songs, which has been handed down to this day, was originally a standard anthology officially promulgated and recognized by the society. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the ritual collapsed and the music broke down, and the campaign continued, so the system of poetry collection could not be implemented. In the Qin dynasty, the unification time was short, and everything needed to be done. Although it had the name of Yuefu official office, there was still no reality of poetry collection. The Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the economy was depressed. The Yuefu organs could only learn from the old, and they barely maintained it. After 6 or 7 years of rest and recuperation, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the national strength had become very strong, so the scale of Yuefu was expanded and poetry was collected at night. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, poetry collection had become a major event in political life. Emperor Guangwu once "asked the people to listen to the folk tales", while Emperor He sent messengers "traveling in a separate line, traveling to counties and counties to listen to the folk tales". This fashion was followed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the period of Xiao Liang, the society had already changed "Yuefu" from the name of the official office to a poetic style. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long has a special chapter in Yuefu besides Ming Poetry. Zhao Ming's Selected Works and Xu Ling's New Poems on Yutai also opened the column of Yuefu. Among them, there are both literati poems and folk songs and poems, that is, all songs and poems that can be sung through music are called "Yuefu". Among these two kinds of poems, folk songs and poems are the essence, and literati songs and poems germinate and grow up under the dew of folk songs and poems, so we should attach great importance to folk songs and poems.
The system of collecting poems pursued by the Northern Dynasties in the gap between wars is in the same strain as that of the Han Dynasty. Some of the northern dynasty Yuefu folk songs preserved in Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry Anthology, Lianggujiao Transverse Blow, are written in Chinese, while others are translated. Although there are only 6 or 7 pieces, they are profound in content and have a wide range of topics, reflecting the broad social life, which is quite different from the delicate and tactful southern folk songs, showing the rough and unrestrained spirit of the northern dynasty and showing another picture of customs and folk customs. Because of the long-term scuffle between rulers of all ethnic groups in the north, there are more subjects to reflect the war, some describing the suffering brought by war and corvee, and some praising the brave spirit. Mulan Poetry, in particular, is a legendary figure who passionately praises Mulan as a woman disguised as a man and joined the army instead of her father. Together with Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulan is known as a "double gem" in Yuefu folk songs. Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties is a wonderful work in the history of China literature, which has a strong vitality and directly influenced the face of Chinese poetry. It not only opens up a new field of five-character poems, but also plays a bridge role in seven-character poems, singing styles and even laws. (Excerpted from View of Yuefu in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, edited by Chen Xuwan and Shang Yongliang, Shaanxi People's Education Publishing House, 1998)
Poetry link
The folk customs in northern China are tough, and many women are also heroic and martial. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Bo's little sister was very famous for her bravery and fighting skills. At that time, a song "Little Sister Li Bo" was circulated:
Little sister Li Bo was graceful and graceful. If you shoot from left to right, you will get frost. Women are still like this, but men are safe.
It can be seen that Mulan Poetry, as the representative work of northern Yuefu folk songs, has a certain basis for life.
[ Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of Poetry
Overall Grasp
Mulan Poetry is a long narrative folk song and a Yuefu poem in northern China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It tells the story of Mulan disguised as a man, joined the army instead of her father, fought in the battlefield, returned to the DPRK in triumph, made meritorious deeds, resigned and returned home, which is full of legend.
In the first two paragraphs, Mulan decided to join the army instead of her father. The poem begins with the loom sound of "chirp after chirp", showing the scene of "Mulan weaving at home". Then she wrote Mulan's sigh that she had no intention of weaving, which made people wonder, and led to questions and answers, telling Mulan's thoughts. Mulan "sighed" not because of her children's worries, but because the son of heaven was recruiting, and her father was among the conscripts. Since he was old and had no eldest son at home, he decided to join the army instead of his father.
In the third paragraph, it is written that Mulan is ready to go to war and go to the battlefield. "Buy a steed in the east market ..." Four sentences are used to describe Mulan's nervous purchase of steeds and riding equipment, indicating that she attaches great importance to this matter and is willing to share the pressure for her father. "Denied ye niang to ...