Introduction:
When Li Bai wrote this poem, he was already middle-aged, and his control over poetry had reached a certain level, and this poem is his mature One of the representative works. The original text is as follows:
Liang Yuan Yin
Li Bai
I floated on the Yellow River to Jingque, and hung up my seat to enter Bolian Mountain.
The sky is long and the water is wide and we are tired of traveling far. Visiting the ancient times and the platform.
The platform was worried about the guests, so he sang Liang Yuange to the wine.
But I recall Pengchi Ruan Gong's chant, because he chanted "The Lu River raises the flood waves".
The mighty waves have lost sight of the old country, and we have to return to the far west to find a safe place!
If you live your life well, you don’t have time to worry about it. You can drink fine wine and climb high buildings.
The flat-headed slave shakes the big fan, and it is not hot in May but it is clear in autumn.
The jade plate with red bayberry is set up for you, and the Wu salt is like a flower and white snow.
Hold the wine with salt but drink it. Don’t imitate the noble conduct of barbarians.
In the past, the noble Lord Xinling was a noble man, but now people cultivate Xinling graves.
The deserted city is illuminated by the blue mountain moon, and the ancient trees disappear into the blue clouds.
Where is the Liang Palace now? The horses return first and don't treat each other.
The dancing shadows and singing voices spread across the green pond, and the remaining Bian water flows eastward to the sea.
My clothes were filled with tears as I pondered this matter, and I was drunk after buying gold and could not return.
Call five whites and play six bets in a row, and bet on Cao and have a good time with wine.
Songs and ballads carry far-reaching meanings.
When I was lying down high in the east mountain, I got up, and it was not too late to help the common people.
Liang Yuan Yin Translation:
I left the capital and took a boat down the Yellow River. The sails were set on the boat, and the waves in the river were turbulent, like undulating mountains. The voyage was long, the water was vast, and after the hardships of the long journey, we finally arrived at the platform of Songzhou, which is the relic of Guliang Garden. Even though I was a guest on the platform, I was still full of melancholy. I sang over the wine and impromptuly sang "Liang Yuan Song". I also felt the poem "Wandering on the Pengchi" written by Ruan Ji in "Yong Huai", and recalled the sentence "Zhu Shui Yang Hong Bo". I deeply felt that Chang'an and Liangyuan were separated by mountains and rivers, and the road was very long. There was no hope of returning to Xijing. . Everyone has his destiny, and destiny cannot be violated. He must be open-minded and don't have to worry. He can climb a high building and enjoy the scenery while drinking fine wine, and then let the singer sing my ditty. There is a crewmember beside him waving a fan, and the hot May is as cool as the clear autumn in October. The maid brings you a jade plate filled with bayberry, and then brings you Wu salt with flowers as bright as snow. Dip in white salt and drink fine wine, and you must have fun even if you are not happy in life. Don't imitate the noble conduct of the Yi Qi of the Zhou Dynasty. They did not eat Zhou millet. I used the emperor's gold to buy wine to drink. There used to be a dashing and heroic master named Lord Xinling nearby, but now his graveyard is being cultivated, which shows that the power is in vain. Look at the Liang Garden now. The moonlight is not shining, the courtyard walls are in decay, the green mountains are twilight, only the ancient trees are towering and the floating clouds are hanging. The luxurious Liangyuan Palace at that time has long ceased to exist. Where have the elegant Mei Cheng and Sima Xiangru gone? Where did the dancing, shadowing and singing back then go? Even the green water in the pool is equalized, leaving only Bianshui flowing eastward day and night to the sea and never returning. When I chanted this, I couldn't help but shed tears on my clothes. I couldn't return to Chang'an, so I had to buy myself drunk with gold. Or call white and call black, throw dry gold; wear Fencao and gamble with wine to pass the time. I sing and ballad and consider myself a hermit for the time being, but I still place my hope in the future. Just like when Xie An was lying high on Dongshan Mountain, once the time comes, it is not too late to get up and help the common people again!
Liang Yuan Yin Word explanation:
⑴ Hanging seats: It means hanging sails and sailing. Bolianshan: Waves are like continuous mountain peaks.
⑵Platform: The original site is in the northeast of Shangqiu County, Henan Province. One said the platform is in the northeast of Kaifeng, Henan.
⑶Pengchi: Its ruins are located in Weishi County, Henan.
⑷The old country: the old capital. Refers to the beam.
⑸ Returning to the West: Xiao Shiyun's note: "Changan, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, is in the west, and Bai is far away from the capital, so he sighed that 'it is possible to return to the West'."
⑹Da Ming : Know your destiny. Leisure time: free time. Xia, the original Song version is "fake". Modified according to Wang Ben.
⑺ Flat-headed slave: A slave wearing a flat-headed jin. Flathead: the name of a turban, a kind of turban worn by common people.
⑻Wu Salt: The salt produced in Wu is as white as snow.
⑼ Lord Xinling: Wei Wuji, the son of Wei Gong, was named Lord Xinling. Benevolent and corporal, at that time the princes regarded the young master as a wise man and had many followers, and they did not dare to join forces to plot against Wei for more than ten years. He once stole the tiger talisman to save Zhao, and was one of the four princes of the Warring States Period. The matter can be found in "Historical Records·Biography of Lord Xinling".
⑽ "King of Liang" sentence: Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai": "The King of Liang is safe and sound." Use his sentence for this change. King Liang refers to King Xiao of Liang.
⑾Meima: refers to Meicheng and Sima Xiangru, the Ci Fu writers of the Han Dynasty.
⑿Bianshui: the ancient name of the water.
⒀Wubai and Liubo: both are ancient gambling games.
⒁fencao: divide into pairs. A pair of two people is Cao.
⒂ Two sentences of "Dongshan": "Shishuo Xinyu·Pai Diao": "Xie Gong was in Dongshan, and his orders from the court were repeated but he did not move. Later he became Huan Xuanwu's Sima and was about to set up a new pavilion. The imperial scholar Xian went out to see him off. When he was in Gaoling, he was Zhongcheng and also went to Xiangzu.
I drank a lot in the past and got drunk from leaning on it. I said in a joke: "You have repeatedly disobeyed the imperial decree and lied high on the east mountain. Everyone said to each other: If you put a stone in place and refuse to come out, you will be like the common people!" Now all the people will be like you! '"
The main idea of ??Liang Yuanyin:
This poem mainly expresses the vicissitudes of the past and present, and indirectly expresses the poet's hidden worries about the decline of the Tang Dynasty.
A brief analysis of Liang Yuanyin:
This poem can be roughly divided into two roughly equal parts. The first half is more narrative, and the second half is more lyrical. The first half traces the poet's departure from the capital Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi) and his journey eastward. He came to Liangyuan (today's Shangqiu, Henan Province) as a guest and drank with friends in Liangyuan to express his feelings. The second half is mainly about facing the desolate and decaying Liangyuan, expressing the vicissitudes of the changes in the past and the past, and indirectly expressing the poet's feelings about the decline of the Tang Dynasty. The whole poem is full of unrestrained emotions, ups and downs, changeable poetic context, and ingenious conception.
Appreciation of Liang Yuanyin:
The first paragraph is from the beginning to the sentence "The road is far away". , expresses the author's depressed and miserable feelings after leaving Chang'an. Leaving Chang'an means the setback of political ideals, which can't help but make Li Bai feel extremely depressed and confused. However, the poet does not directly describe this low and confused mood, but expresses it emotionally. Yu Jing cleverly combines the description of the scenery on the way to naturally reveal that "hanging on the mat to enter the Bolian Mountain", the huge waves are like the undulating peaks, what a disgusting and difficult journey, but this is exactly what the author said. The bumpy journey of life is at our feet. "The sky is long and the water is too wide to traverse the distance." The long river stretches straight to the boundless horizon. What a long way forward, but the poet's hope and pursuit are just as far away and uncertain as this road ahead. The emotion is the scene, the scene is the emotion, the scenes are intertwined, the emotions conveyed are subtle but strong, and a feeling of frustration and boredom strikes people. The reader can almost feel the poet's heavy and tired steps. This kind of writing makes this book. The beginning of a straightforward narrative not only does not appear dull, but also creates a rich atmosphere that envelopes the whole poem and sets the tone.
Then the poem begins with the poet's visit to ancient times. To relieve my melancholy, I visit ancient times to increase my worries; I compose songs to express my accumulated depression, but Ruan Ji's lament comes to mind: "Wandering on the Pengchi, still looking at the beams. The Lu River is full of waves, and the wilderness is vast. ... Traveling without a partner, I look down and feel sad. "("Poetry of Ode to Love") People today and ancients looked at each other first, and their encounters were so similar! This touched the poet's mind even more, and he couldn't help but turn from the flood of Pengchi in Ruan's poem to the mighty Yellow River, and from the mighty Yellow River to confusion. Visible old country of Chang'an "The road is far to the west and we can find it!" "A sigh contains infinite regret for the disillusionment of ideals, and reveals the source of worries and entanglements. In just six lines of poems, the emotions loop back and forth, and they are tangled up in hundreds of knots, showing deep sorrow and paving the way for what follows.
From the "life" sentence to the "fencao" sentence is the second paragraph. In terms of emotion, the poet is more passionate, and the depression turns to wildness. In terms of the path of the poem, it is changed from the arrangement. Writing from the perspective of relieving worries, the poet has changed from being humble and suppressed to being bold and bold, with a new realm. The poet regards himself as a person who "lives up to his destiny" and adopts a contemptuous attitude toward unreasonable life experiences. In a high-rise building, you can drink fine wine, let go of your sorrows, and look up to everything. The slaves are shaking their fans, and the summer heat is like autumn. The environment is pleasant; there are fresh plums on the jade plate, and the Wu salt is like snow. You can enjoy the delicious food, but you don't have to be like Boyi. Shu Qi was so hard-working and obsessed with "nobility" that Yi Qi used Wei as food instead of Zhou millet and had high ambitions. The word "Mo Xue" here shows the poet's extreme disillusionment. In a sad and angry mood, he painfully denied his past pursuits, which was the prelude to the volcanic eruption of anger that followed.
"The Ancient One" entered into a fierce emotional conflict. The subjective source of Li Bai's pain comes from his persistent pursuit of merit. The poetry here is like a turbulent wave rushing towards the idea of ??merit. The poet expresses his feelings with his eyes, and takes a look at the historical events of Liang Garden. The tomb of the young prince Wuji of the Wei Kingdom is no longer preserved; the palace of the famous king Liang Xiao has become a thing of the past; the former guests Meicheng and Sima Xiangru have also long since passed away, and everything cannot withstand the erosion of time. , the smoke disappears, and there is no need to care about the achievements! The two lines of "Desolate City" are very good at creating a scene. The cold moon, deserted city, and high clouds and ancient trees form a desolate and lonely tone, which is a good foil for the desolation of the ruins. The two sentences contrast the relatively eternal things of Pengchi and Bianshui with the things that are easy to fade away in the world, such as dancing, shadows and singing, and the meaning of the erratic world is very strong. If it is just a happy drink at the beginning, then, as the emotion grows. Excited, it is close to drunkenness and madness. The three characters "Hong Chihui" are written in a few strokes, and they seem to be racing at the same time. It also makes the state of drinking and drinking come to life.
Denying the positive things in life will inevitably lead to negativity and depression. Therefore, the more wild one writes, the more profound the pain is revealed; the more negative one expresses, the more sincere the love is. , talking about immortals, talking about women, and talking about wine, especially borrowing the Yuefu form ear. Readers may recognize it as the real person, but not the superficial appearance.
" (Volume 2 of "Art Concepts") Because of this, the poet's emotional melody did not end here, but continued to spin and rise, leading to the climax of the last four sentences: One day, like Xie An, who is lying high on the east mountain, he will be Please go out and realize your ambition to save the world. What a strong expectation, what a firm confidence! Li Bai's poems are often mixed with some negative elements, but generally they are not depressing, because he always has a fire burning in his heart and never gives up his pursuit. and confidence, which is very valuable.
This poem is good at expressing emotions vividly. The poet uses various expression methods, from objective scenery to historical relics and even some life scenes, to make it tangible. The sketch makes people feel a strong torrent of emotions, and the readers seem to witness the anguish and struggle of an upright soul, and thus feel the ruthless destruction and oppression of society.
Liang Yuanyin. Background:
This poem was written in the third year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (744) when the poet visited Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) and Songzhou (the state was governed in today's Shangqiu, Henan). The garden was built by King Liang Xiao of the Han Dynasty; the platform was built by Song Pinggong in the Spring and Autumn Period. These two ruins were in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai came to this area three years ago after leaving Chang'an. Xuanzong's recruitment, full of ideals, rushed to Chang'an. As a result, not only did his ambitions fail, but he also found it difficult to get a foothold. He was finally "returned with gold" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (the original biography of "New Book of Tang"), and left Chang'an to the east of the "Floating Yellow River". OK, I went to the land of Liang and Song Dynasties and wrote this poem.
Later generations of Liang Yuanyin commented:
1. Pan Deyu, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: "Long waves are more expensive than others. Sudden change; Sudden change is valuable, especially freedom. "(Volume 2 of "Yang Yizhai Poetry Talk") This long line poem can be said to be a model. It follows the natural flow of the poet's emotions, and the poetic realm keeps changing, like a dragon flying in the clouds and mist. , unpredictable. From depression and worry to drunkenness, from drunkenness to full of confident expectations, the waves are ups and downs, and the excitement is getting higher and higher, like climbing Mount Tai and jumping out of the eighteen sets. Nantianmen, stepping onto the highest peak, singing into the clouds
About the author
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, was a great romantic in the Tang Dynasty. In Chinese history, he was known as the "Immortal of Poetry". His ancestral home was Chengji, Longxi (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province). At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he migrated to Suiye City in Central Asia (now Tokomak, Chuhe Prefecture, Kyrgyzstan). City), Li Bai was born here. His poetic style is majestic and bold, his imagination is rich, his language flows naturally, and his music is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutrients and materials from folk songs and myths to form his unique magnificent colors. A new peak of positive romantic poetry since then.
Later generations will refer to Li Bai and Du Fu as "Li Du". The overall style of his poetry is fresh and elegant, which not only reflects the prosperity of the times, but also exposes the ruling class. His debauchery and corruption showed his contempt for the powerful, his resistance to traditional constraints, and his positive spirit of pursuing freedom and ideals.
Li Bai lived in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty and had the character of "helping the common people" and "anli yuan". The ideal of progress and the lifelong struggle to realize this ideal. Its large number of poems not only reflect the prosperity of that era, but also expose and criticize the dissoluteness and corruption of the ruling group, showing contempt for the powerful, resisting the constraints of tradition, and pursuing freedom and justice. Ideal and positive spirit. In art, his poems have novel imagination, strong emotions, magnificent artistic conception, and fresh and bright language. They form a bold and ultra-forward artistic style and reach the peak of the art of positive romantic poetry in ancient my country. The remaining works include "Collection of Li Taibai".