The original text of the work was written by the people of Hebei, who lived close to each other and suffered hardships[1]. Every family's adopted son learns farming and weaving, but loses to the officials and family affairs of barbarians [2]. This year there has been a severe drought[3], and the prefectures and counties are still urging river service[4]. The old and the young depend on each other and come to the south [5]. The people in the south have nothing to eat in the good years. The world is sad and the sun is dim[6], and those passing by the road have no color[7]. If you are not as good as Zhenguanzhong[8], you will fight for millet and count money, but there will be no soldiers[9]! [1-3] Editor’s Notes on the Works of this Paragraph [1] Both sides: the junction between the Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, and Xixia Dynasty. [2] Lose and: hand over, dedicate. Guanjia: Emperor, this refers to the imperial court. Yi (yí) Di (dí): the ancient name for the ethnic minorities in the east and north. This refers to the Liao and Xixia. [3] Qianlichi: There is no grass growing in the vast area. [4] To the river: do river work (prevention and control of the Yellow River). [5] South: refers to the area south of the Yellow River. [6] The sky and the earth are sad and the sun is dim: People are miserable, as if the sky and the earth have changed color and the sun has lost its light. [7] Colorless: The face is colorless. [8] Zhenguan: The reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were good harvests year after year, food prices were low, and people's lives were stable. [9] Bingrong: war. [4-5] Edit this paragraph Creation background This poem vividly and truly reflects the painful life of the people of Hebei under the double torment of natural and man-made disasters. The first two sentences get straight to the point and clarify the meaning of the question. "Both sides" refers to the border areas adjacent to the Liao Kingdom and Xixia, but the poem does not focus on describing the intrusion of the Liao and Xixia on the border areas. Therefore, the Song Dynasty used humiliating compromises in exchange for temporary peace, and the "hardship" of the border people was another There is a profound reason, and the author reveals it in three levels. "Every family's adopted son learns farming and weaving, but loses to officials and family affairs as barbarians." The fruits of the labor of every household in farming and weaving were handed over to the imperial court and then transferred to Liao and Xixia. This is the first level; "This year there has been a severe drought, and the prefectures and counties are still urging river service." There was a drought, and the land was covered with scars. The government did not know how to provide relief, but instead sent the able-bodied men to work on the river without caring about the lives of the old, weak, women and children left behind. This is the second level; "Old and young come together to the south." "The people in the south have nothing to eat in the good years." The border people had no choice but to flee south to survive. However, although the people in Henan had good years, they were severely looted and starved. The above three layers, closely linked to the three words "long hardship", describe the suffering of the border residents in Hebei to the extreme. The two sentences "Sorrow" follow the above idea, one is false and the other is true, describing that the hearts of the border people in Hebei are filled with misery and misery, they are grief-stricken, and they are depressed and depressed. The last two sentences use the contrast between ancient and modern times to express the endless sighs in the heart. On the surface, they seem to be comforting to the refugees, but in fact they are a profound criticism of current politics. [6] Wang Anshi was a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. This poem clearly demonstrates his valuable character of sympathy for the sufferings of the people and his extraordinary courage to criticize current affairs. Edit this section to appreciate the works. "Hebei People" is one of Wang Anshi's masterpieces and was written in the sixth year of Emperor Renzong's reign in the Song Dynasty (1046). At that time, Liao and Xixia formed an alliance and often invaded the Central Plains. Wherever they went, they "captured and plundered the people, burned the villages, destroyed the farming and mulberry industries, and turned the villages into ruins." However, the Northern Song Dynasty government adopted a policy of peace and security, plundering people's wealth and offering it to Liao and Xixia in order to achieve temporary peace. The vast majority of the people, especially those north of the Yellow River, suffered from oppression from border troubles, taxes, corvee, etc. This poem is a true portrayal of the dark society at that time. The beginning of the poem reads: "The people of Hebei are born close to both sides and suffer hardships." Here, "people of Hebei" is the way of writing "the first sentence of Bai Juyi's New Yuefu poem to mark its purpose"; "two sides" refers to the Northern Song Dynasty and the The two ethnic minority regimes, Liao and Xixia, are adjacent to each other. These two lines of poetry highlight the words "near" and "long", summarizing that the people in the border areas north of the Yellow River have long suffered from the intrusions of the Liao and Xixia because they were "born close to both sides". This implicitly implies that the Northern Song Dynasty implemented "defending the inner emptiness". The "foreign" policy caused serious border troubles and led the whole poem. Next, the poet selects a set of typical materials to describe in detail the "long hardships" of "Hebei people": the pain of taxation: "Every family's adopted son learns farming and weaving, but loses to the official family and the barbarians." "The official family" refers to the imperial court; "Shi" means worship; "Yidi" refers to the ethnic minorities in the east and north in ancient times, here refers to Liao and Xixia. People in the border areas north of the Yellow River raised their children and asked them to farm and weave. As a result, "the grain has not left the field, the silk has not been unloaded, and it is no longer their own." They were all handed over to the court to worship the nobles of Liao and Xixia. Here, it not only reflects that the "people of Hebei" are suffering from taxes, but also points out that the reason is that "officials and families are interested in the barbarians and the Di", thus mocking the humiliating behavior of the Northern Song Dynasty in seeking peace by plundering a large amount of people's fat and anointing to worship the Liao and Xixia. The suffering of famine and corvee "This year there is a severe drought, thousands of miles of red, and the prefectures and counties are still urging people to work on the river." "Chi" means nothing; "to work on the river" means to do river work. In the year of severe drought, the vast land is empty and empty, and the "people of Hebei" are hungry and living like a year. However, the government still urges and forces them to work as river workers regardless of their life or death. Natural and man-made disasters, famine and corvee labor made the hardships of "Hebei people" even more unspeakable. The two lines of the poem "Jiajia" describe the "people of Hebei" suffering from taxes, and stab the "official family"; the two lines of the poem describe the "people of Hebei" suffering from famine and corvee, and stab the "prefectures and counties". The combination of the two concentrated and profoundly exposed the social reality of the time when the sky was dark and the people were in dire straits. The suffering of exile: "Hebei people" had no way to eliminate the suffering of taxes, famine, and corvee labor, so they had to support each other, old and young, to escape to the south of the Yellow River in the hope of escaping from the sea of ??suffering: "Old and young came together to the south.
"Based on this poem, we can imagine that the "Hebei people" were unkempt and disheveled, their clothes were in rags, they left their hometowns with the help of young and old, and they walked in groups of three or five, trudging toward the Yellow River, trying to drive a small boat to the south bank of the Yellow River... "Long suffering. The "people of Hebei" who lived in "Xin" fled famine to the south of the Yellow River, and what is the fate of the people south of the Yellow River? This naturally leads to the following: "People in the south have nothing to eat in the good years." The people on the south bank of the Yellow River have a good harvest and have no clothes or clothes. It goes without saying that "the people in the south have no food in the good years", which is well chosen, indicating that it was not only the "people of Hebei" who suffered "long hardships" at that time, but also the "people of Henan", that is, all the working people. In dire straits, they had nowhere to survive in the years of famine, and were miserable. Even in the years of good harvest, they had no food and clothing. "It is difficult to die". This poem infiltrates the poet's request for peace and transference to the humiliation of the Northern Song Dynasty. Taxes were levied on the people and tributes were paid to Liao and Xixia, while local officials took the opportunity to extort and extort from the people. At this point, the tragic experience of people on both sides of the Yellow River who were deeply exploited and oppressed by the nation has basically been reflected, but the poet still has it. Feeling that it was not enough, he introduced this scene: "Sadness is daylight, the sky and the earth are dim, and the people passing by the road have no color. "You see, the faces of pedestrians are bloodless, sorrow fills the world, and the day is dark. The poet uses descriptions of scenery and exaggeration to continue to write about the suffering of the people, which is vivid and typical. The last two lines of the poem "You are not as good as you." "In Zhenguan, there were no soldiers for fighting for millet", which is "the death chapter shows his ambition". "Zhenguan" is the reign name of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty. The rule of Zhenguan was the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin was in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan ( 641) claimed to have two great joys: first, there were good harvests year after year, and "the millet in Chang'an was worth three or four coins"; second, "the northern captives had been in captivity for a long time, and there was no danger of humiliation on the border." Here, the poet compared the rule of Zhenguan in the peaceful and prosperous age when the country was rich and powerful. The contrast with the social reality of weakness, poverty, and serious border troubles caused by the Northern Song Dynasty's policy of "defending the inside and leaving the outside world" euphemistically expresses the poet's dissatisfaction with the Northern Song Dynasty and his yearning for an ideal world, deepening the theme of the poem.
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