Songtsan Gampo
Songtsan Gampo (617-650), also known as Qizong Nongzan and Qisunong, was also named Fuye. The founder of the Tubo Dynasty, Zanpu. Nangri Songtsanzi.
He received a good education since childhood, excelled in martial arts, and was admired by everyone. He succeeded to the throne after his father was poisoned by his subordinates who rebelled against him. Suppress civil strife and kill all those who poison. After several years of fighting, he merged various tribes, unified the Tibetan plateau, established the capital Luojie (today's Tubo), and established the Tubo slave regime. After recuperating and gathering strength, he successively surrendered Subi (today's Yushu, Qinghai) and Yangtong (today's Ali and the southwest of Qiangtang). Tubo became stronger and stronger, and all the Qiang in the west such as Bailan and Duomi were afraid of their power and surrendered. Become a subordinate. In the eighth year of Tang Zhengui's reign (634), envoys were sent to the Tang Dynasty to communicate with each other. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the envoys from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The envoy Feng Dexia sent a letter to visit and was favored by Zanpu. The relationship between Tubo and Tang Dynasty deepened. At the same time, it had good relations with Nibala (now Nepal) in the south. In the thirteenth year (639), he married Princess Chizun, the daughter of Nibala King Yangshuvamo. In order to close the relationship with the Tang Dynasty, he sent envoys to the court with treasures and proposed to the Tang Dynasty, but he was rejected. Suspecting that the Tang Dynasty's refusal to marry was due to the estrangement between King Tuyuhun, he led his sheep and soldiers to attack Tuyuhun. Ji Le sent 200,000 soldiers to harass Songzhou and ordered envoys to pay tribute to the princess. He wanted to welcome the princess, but was defeated by Niu Jinda, the general of the Tang Dynasty. He then sent the prime minister Lu Dongzan to the Tang Dynasty to apologize and propose marriage again; Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty wanted to marry him. Tubo, in order to seek peace in the western region, married Princess Wencheng, the daughter of the clan, in the fifteenth year (641). Following unification, measures were taken to strengthen the construction of Tibet. In order to unify the needs of the war, a strict military organization was established and the "Four Rus" were divided into military administrative units to firmly control the Tubo military power. Organize the Imperial Guard, establish a border guarding system, and strengthen control over subordinate areas and border areas. Strengthen the royal power and integrate military and political power. Various systems were established, and badges were used to distinguish the five official ranks; the oath system was used to strengthen the constraints on various ministries, requiring ministers to be loyal to Zanpu, and Zanpu also fulfilled the responsibility of protecting his ministers. Make laws and divide classes such as "Gui" and "Yong". There were explicit orders to protect private property, punish thieves, and institute torture to deal with slave resistance. Take measures to develop the economy, encourage people to learn and apply advanced production technologies, and improve farming methods. Establish weights and measures to facilitate trade. He also made many contributions to the development of the culture and art of the nation. He sent his minister Tunmi Sanboza to India to study writing and create Tibetan writing. Pay attention to absorbing advanced cultures such as the Han nationality. Send noble sons to Chang'an to study Chinese culture. People from the Tang Dynasty were invited to take charge of their affairs, promote Sino-Tibetan economic and cultural exchanges, and the harmonious relationship with the Tang Dynasty became closer, and there was an endless stream of envoys. In the eighteenth year (644), Lu Dongzan was sent to congratulate Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty on his victory over Korea with a seven-foot golden goose. In the 22nd year (648), troops were sent to rescue Wang Xuance, the Tang envoy to the Western Regions who was plundering Zhongtianzhu. In the twenty-third year, he was granted the title of Prince Consort and Prince of Xihai County by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. Afterwards, he was granted the title of King Ji. It has made important contributions to the development of Tibetan society, economy and culture and the strengthening of friendly relations between Han and Tibetans. In the first year of Shui Hui (650), he died in Luoxue. The Tang Dynasty sent envoys to offer condolences and comfort.