Whitman (USA)
In the evening, I heard how my name was praised in Congress, but it was not a happy night for me.
Or when I drink too much, or when my plan succeeds, I still don't feel happy.
But that day, at dawn, I got up healthy, refreshed, singing and breathing the mature breath of autumn.
When I saw the full moon in the west turn pale and disappear in the dawn of a new dawn,
When I walk alone by the sea, I cling to my body, laugh with the cool sea water and watch the sun rise.
And when I think about how my good friend and my lover walked on the road, oh, I am happy at this moment.
Oh, at this time, every breath feels sweeter, the whole day's diet nourishes me more, and the beautiful day has passed comfortably.
The next day brought the same happiness, and on the third night, my friend came.
That night, all was silent, and I listened to the sea slowly rushing to the coast.
I listened to the rustle of sea water and sand, as if congratulating me in a low voice.
Because my favorite person, in the cold night, sleeps under the same sheet beside me.
In the silent moonlight of autumn night, his face is facing me.
His arm hugged me gently-I was very happy that night.
(translated by Chu Tunan)
This love poem was published in 1860, in which the lyric hero can "hear how my name is praised in Congress at night", not only "binge drinking", but also "make the plan successful" and "wander around the seaside, * * * physically". Obviously, this is a male. Then, the "lover, how is he doing on the road" he is waiting for, sleeping under the same sheet with the "favorite person" and "his arm gently hugs me". Isn't this a woman coming from a distance and hugging the lyric hero? It can be seen that this love poem is not about love between two opposite sexes.
Love is a broad word, including feelings between men and women, feelings between relatives (parents, children, brothers and sisters), and feelings between close friends of the same sex. What describes love should also belong to love poems. There are many love poems in Shakespeare's sonnets. After research and textual research, later generations come to the conclusion that some are for a dark-skinned woman and some are for a noble and beautiful teenager. The former belongs to the love of * * *, and the latter belongs to the love of love, but they are all love poems in a broad sense. Whitman's Leaves of Grass contains a series of reed flutes, one of which is I Hear in the Dusk. Most of the love poems in the Reed Flute Collection are "Singing the song of men's attachment to each other" (On a lonely road), which says "We two boys are entangled,/Never part" .../Eating, singing, sleeping and falling in love are fearless ("We two boys are entangled"), "Be good friends when we break up",). The poet "dreamed that it was a" friendship " Starting from the abnormal psychology and sexual life in the western social life style in the 20th century, some western bourgeois literati insist that Shakespeare expressed homosexuality in his sonnets, while Whitman expressed homosexuality in Leaves of Grass, which "modernized" Shakespeare more than 300 years ago and Whitman more than 100 years ago. Shakespeare, a humanist at the end of feudal society, and Whitman, a democratic poet during the civil war, all wrote their own "homosexuality". Isn't it funny? How can they form a beautiful love poem? To put it correctly: Whitman shows intimate and magnificent love between partners. This kind of love is pure, sincere and eternal. You can't mistake kissing and hugging foreigners for homosexuality.
"I heard at night" has a clear hierarchy, and the first two lines say "unhappy". This poem equate unhappy things with happy thing. Being praised in congress is a world-famous thing; Drinking a lot is very enjoyable: if your plan succeeds, you should be very happy. However, poetry has changed from a happy event to a turning point and plummeted. As a result, it felt unhappy. Then, say "happy". One premise is derived from the word "when", and it is on the specific "that day". On that day, when the poet was happy, it was dawn, when I saw the dawn of a new dawn, when I watched the sun rise alone, and when I was thinking about how my good friend and my lover came over on the road. The first three "Dangs" talk about the gradual arrival of time, and the last "Dang" talks about the reasons for happiness. This happiness lasted for three days until my friend came. The word "lover" in the poem refers to the person you love, not the lover or mistress. The old translation of "lover" is easily mistaken for * * *, which is the understanding of orientals. You should love a wide range of people. The last layer begins with "Harmony in that Night", talking about friendship and happiness in friendship is better than national fame, drinking and planning success. In order to set off this friendship, the poet gave it a poetic natural scenery background: all is silent, the sea slowly washes the sand bank, rustles, and the moonlight shines silently in the cold night ... it is so beautiful and quiet. Based on this background, write a pair of good friends who sleep together: tourists from afar, tired from the journey, fell asleep with their friends in their arms; On a moonlit night in Qiu Guang, the poet was so happy that he couldn't sleep.
The poet exaggerates his happy mood and highlights his feelings and behaviors. He is happy because he expects his friends to come. Therefore, he woke up healthy and felt refreshed. Even his breath is ripe and sweet, his diet is nourishing, and he feels beautiful and comfortable during the day. In action, the poet happily "sings" and "walks alone by the sea, holds his body, enjoys the cool sea water and watches the sun rise". In a word, the use of a large number of affirmative words such as "health", "maturity", "laughter", "sweetness" and "comfort" constitutes a bright and festive atmosphere, which makes readers enjoy it. And the word "oh" is used several times in the poem to praise this happiness!
Poets write about the deep and sincere love between friends, without enthusiasm and generosity, and without writing about the warm hugs and kisses of partners in the noisy and colorful background of pubs. The poet wrote the tranquil scene of the moonlight coast, gently cuddling to highlight the depth of love, thus forming meaningful meaning and profound poetry.