Learning classical Chinese poetry

Poetry appreciation in college entrance examination papers is a difficult problem for students. The reason why we say "difficult" is because there are two levels of appreciation. One is "appreciation", that is, "appreciation", which is the product of the combination of readers' subjective understanding and the objective expression of works. The first is "analysis", that is, "analysis", which is the reader's understanding and excavation of the content itself. This not only requires students to walk into poetry, but also to go deep into the poet's heart and communicate with him. This is the difficulty. As candidates, students should start with reading poetry correctly, then grasp the image of poetry and gradually reach the height of "appreciating" poetry. Please look at the poems in the Shanghai volume of the 2006 college entrance examination: people are full of moons, and the book in the mountains [Huang Zhong] has ups and downs through the ages, and poetry hates the world. Kong Mu, Wu Gong, Chu Temple West Western jackdaw. Several huts and thousands of books are invested in this ancient village. What happened in the mountains? Pine flowers make wine and spring water makes tea. This is a Yuan Song, and the words are not profound, but it is still difficult to really understand it. The first sentence, "Dream of Eternal Flowers", contains two special sentence patterns, one is an inverted sentence and the other is an ellipsis sentence. It should be read as: ups and downs through the ages are like dreams of prosperity. "Rise and fall" is a compound word with partial meaning, which is biased towards the word "Xing". In addition, the words "poetic eyes" and "voting for the old" in the songs are also difficult for students to understand. The former refers to the poet's observation, while the latter refers to "getting old" and "getting old". If you don't understand this, you can't understand the whole song. Therefore, in order to correctly recognize and read, we must master the special sentence patterns of poetry and eliminate language barriers. The special sentence patterns in poetry are not exactly the same as those in ancient Chinese. Inverted sentences, for example, are often adjusted by the restriction of leveling. Du Fu's "fragrant rice pecks at parrot grains, and the old phoenix lives in Wu Bi" is a typical example. The normal expression sequence is: "Parrots peck fragrant rice grains, and Wu Bi perches on old phoenix branches". Furthermore, there are no hypothetical sentences that express hypothetical words in the poem (such as "the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the copper finches are locked in Er Qiao." "Dongfeng" sentence is a hypothetical sentence); Use words such as "Dare, Ken, Endure" and express rhetorical questions in rhetorical tone (for example, "If you want to eliminate disasters for saints, you are willing to decline and cherish the old." "Ken" means "Ken" and so on. , all belong to the unique sentence pattern of poetry. It can be seen that only by mastering these special sentence patterns, carefully combing and accumulating common words can we achieve correct "recognition". Secondly, grasping the image of poetry and analyzing the meaning of image are conducive to a deeper understanding of poetry. Image is the combination of image and emotion in poetry. It is not only the scenery and things described in the poem, but also the author's feelings. Grasping the image of poetry is to analyze the "scenery" and "things" of poetry and dig out the feelings implied by the author. The sentence "Kong Lin Arbor, Martial Arts Cao Man, Chu Temple West Western jackdaw" in the Shanghai Volume Poetry of College Entrance Examination in 2006 contains images such as "Arbor", "Cao Man" and "West Western jackdaw", which seems to describe the scenery, but in fact it has another meaning. The author uses the tree of Confucius Temple to sigh, "The tree is so good, why can people be inferior?" Through the use of creeping weeds, western Western jackdaw and other declining scenery, the barren and desolate atmosphere is rendered, and the "dream of eternal ups and downs" is concrete and visualized. Obviously, through analysis, we feel the rich connotation of images. Some meanings of poetic images are traditional. Like the moon, it means homesickness and reunion; Like a willow tree, it means farewell and missing; For example, lonely geese and broken rainbows indicate falling and loneliness ... However, images are not static, and more image meanings should be understood in specific contexts. For example, "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset." "Floating clouds" symbolize "wanderers". Floating clouds have no roots, and wanderers are far away from home. The two are opposite, which deepens the wanderers' sense of wandering. In Sunset, there are three words of "return", "old love" and "return", which shows a strong homesickness. The images in this poem are different from the common homesickness images, but they can also express the same feelings. Knowing this truth is of great benefit to the analysis and understanding of images. Thirdly, grasping poetry as a whole and making in-depth analysis are the keys to appreciation. The appreciation of poetry can be roughly divided into two aspects: first, it emphasizes artistic appreciation, including rhetoric, technique, language and artistic conception; The second is to emphasize the appreciation of ideological content, or appreciate the content value of works, or evaluate the ideological significance of works. In 2006, the proposition of Shanghai Volume Poetry was involved in both aspects. For example, the word "tired" in "Poetry Eyes Tired of the World" is well used, please briefly explain the reasons "is a topic that emphasizes artistic appreciation. Although only one word" tired "is appreciated, it is necessary to contact the above-mentioned" dream of ups and downs through the ages "and chew the causes of" tired "; It is necessary to go deep into the seclusion life of the "old village family" in the later article, tap the role of the word "tired", and carry out such in-depth discussion, so that appreciation can be in place. The choice of "the answer to the question' What's in the mountains' describes the comfortable life of brewing and drinking tea" focuses on ideological appreciation. The "wrong" of this item is hidden. When you combine the poet's mood of "poetry-weariness" with the last article, you will find that "spring tea brewed by pine flowers" does not show the ease of life, but shows the poet's helplessness and anger at seclusion. It can be seen that the overall appreciation of poetry, in-depth analysis and discussion, first, is an in-depth discussion of the "connection" between part and whole: from the connection of words expression, to the connection of artistic techniques, to the connection of ideological content, to the connection of knowing people and discussing the world. Grasp the "connection" and "meaning" and you will be suddenly enlightened. Second, grasping the "wholeness" of poetry is a concern for the overall ideological tendency, overall work style and overall emotional atmosphere of poetry. These "collectivities" play a guiding role in local appreciation and are the background or premise of local appreciation, which cannot be taken lightly.