1. The envoy to the Tang Dynasty is an envoy sent by the Japanese royal family to the Tang Dynasty. They travel back and forth between China and Japan and are an important medium for economic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
2. Analyze the purpose, frequency and function of Japanese envoys in Tang with students.
At this time, the Tang Dynasty was in the heyday of feudal society, and its economy and culture were in an advanced position in the world. At this time, Japan was in a period of disintegration of slave society and establishment and consolidation of feudal system. The highly developed economy and culture in the Tang Dynasty is conducive to promoting the development of Japanese society and has a strong attraction to Japan. In addition, the traffic at that time was more developed than that of the previous generation, which provided greater possibilities for exchanges between the two sides.
3. Introduce Japanese historical figures who have contributed to Japan-China friendly exchanges: Air Sea, Abe and Ma Lu; How did Konghai become a famous scholar and monk in China? What important contributions did he make to the cultural exchange between China and Japan? Quote the poems of Wang Wei and Li Bai to highlight their deep friendship with Chao Heng. "Send the secretary supervisor Chao Hengqing back to Japan" Wang Wei looked at the country and looked at the sun, but returned to the sail and believed. If you leave a foreign country, you will be able to communicate with each other. Li Bai's Poems See Books
(2) Jian Zhen Du Dong
Look at "Sitting Statue" and "Bird's-eye View of Tang Temple" to introduce life and guide students to discuss "Why are they respected by the Chinese and Japanese people?" Then read Guo Moruo's poem "Jian Zhen sails blindly in the East China Sea, and the sincere photos are too clear. Give your life to preach, and Tang Feng is full of Nara City. "
(3), Xuanzang westbound
Xuanzang went west to learn Buddhist scriptures and resolutely returned to China after studying Buddhism, guiding students to learn Xuanzang's spirit of persistent pursuit and love for the motherland in order to realize his ambition.
Westbound seeking dharma occupies a large proportion among westerners in the Tang Dynasty, and the route they choose can reflect the general appearance of foreign traffic in the Tang Dynasty. During his stay in Shili Buddhist Temple, Yijing wrote two important works that directly reflected the foreign exchanges in the Tang Dynasty, namely, Biography of the Great Monk Seeking Dharma in the Western Regions of Datang (hereinafter referred to as Biography of Seeking Dharma) and Biography of the Law in the South China Sea, among which the Biography of Seeking Dharma written by Yijing, a monk who went to the Western Regions to study Dharma, provided valuable information for understanding and analyzing the foreign traffic at that time.
The Biography of Seeking Dharma contains the experiences of 56 people in 33 groups who traveled in the South China Sea and India to seek Dharma during the 50 years from the 15th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (64 1) to the 2nd year of Wu Hou's natural grant (691) [25], including 4 groups of 4 people, and the route is unknown. 12 people who go to India by land [27]; The number of people going to India by boat is 2 1, and 34 people [28]. The proportion of people traveling westbound by sea and westbound by land is 2.3: 1, and the proportion of people is also 1.9: 1. It can be seen that in the second half of the 7th century, with the full development of foreign exchange by land, maritime traffic was also very prosperous, and showed a trend of replacing land.
Jia Dan's works are numerous, and the records of roads are all learned from the quotations in Geography of the New Tang Dynasty. Jia Dan described seven roads out of the territory of the Tang Dynasty at that time. Among them, Yingzhou enters Andong Road, Zhou Xia connects Datong Yunzhong Road, Zhongshou City enters Huihe Road, Anxi enters Xiyu Road and Antong Tianzhu Road, which are five roads connecting the outside world. Dengzhou's voyage to the West, Bohai Road and Guangzhou Tonghai No.1 Road are the most important materials reflecting the maritime traffic in the Tang Dynasty. According to Jia Dan's narrative sequence, this paper briefly describes the journey of "Guangzhou Tonghai Tongyi Road" to understand the traffic situation between the Tang Dynasty and the South China Sea.
The route recorded by Jia Dan can be roughly divided into four sections: from Guangzhou to Malacca Strait; Malacca Strait to Sri Lanka is a section; From the west coast of Indian Peninsula to the head of Persian Gulf in ancient China, Africa is a known destination for westerners. It is generally believed that before the Tang Dynasty, China people had a certain understanding of Africa through various channels. Jia Dan clearly described the route from the east coast of Africa to the northwest to the Persian Gulf. When Du You described the state of Daqin in the Tang Dynasty in Tongdian, he added a record about Daqin to Du Huan's Collection of Beijing and Hangzhou, recording the daughter country and neighboring countries. The content of "rubbing against neighbors" in * * * is especially highly valued by academic circles. According to records, Mozambique's neighbors: "In the southwest of Chusalo, we crossed the Thai [Da] moraine and traveled 2,000 miles to other countries. He is dark and vulgar. There is little rice and wheat, and there is no vegetation. Horses eat dried fish, but people eat stupidly. Storks are Persian dates. What a special country. " [33] "Storkmang" is a transliteration of gurman in Middle Persian, which refers to the date palm tree [34]. There are still many differences about which country neighbors refer to [35]. However, judging from the orientation, skin color, customs and products recorded by Du Huan, Mozambique was undoubtedly an ancient country on the African continent at that time.
In addition to the works of Jia Dan and Du Huan, the most detailed record of Africa in the Tang Dynasty is Duan's Youyang Miscellanies.
For a paragraph; From the coast of East Africa to the top of the Persian Gulf.