I. Knowledge and skills objectives
1, learn to read poetry and master reading skills.
2. Understand the image of poetry, grasp the artistic conception of poetry, sort out the context of the work, and grasp the content and theme of the work.
3. Learn to appreciate the representative works of poets of different dynasties and schools by combining the background of poetry creation and the poet's life experience.
Second, the process and method objectives
1, combined with beautiful poetry works for appreciation guidance, to understand the relationship between emotion and scenery in poetry, and to master the answering methods of refined font questions in the college entrance examination poetry appreciation questions.
2. Cultivate students' ability of independent appreciation and cooperative inquiry, so that they can interpret poetry in a diversified and creative way.
Third, emotional attitudes and values.
1. Appreciate the poet Du Fu's patriotic feelings, his ambition is hard to be rewarded, and he cares about the country and the people.
2. By reading China's excellent ancient poems, we can feel his ideological and artistic charm and get rich aesthetic feelings.
3. Appreciate the diversity of nature and life, and comprehend the profoundness of China ancient culture.
Teaching focus
Poetry expresses feelings through the combination of images, and the feelings that the poet wants to express are inseparable from the poet's own experience. Therefore, the teaching focus of this course is to guide students to grasp the key words and the connotation of poetry and understand the content and theme of poetry; The second is to appreciate poetry in connection with the background of poetry creation and the poet's life experience.
Teaching difficulties: learning poetry appreciation and mastering the skills of answering refined font questions in college entrance examination.
The teaching methods are "three links and one practice", multimedia teaching, discussion teaching and instruction teaching.
1, recite it repeatedly, savor the thoughts and feelings contained in the poem, and perceive the beauty of the rhyme of the poem.
2. Fully mobilize students' participation consciousness, and use the method of combining teachers' teaching with students' discussion to understand the content and theme of poetry.
3. pointing method. The teacher pointed out the words and expressions that best reflect the artistic conception and their appreciation methods.
Teaching AIDS Prepare multimedia equipment related to teaching; Fan read the recording; Collect relevant background information about Du Fu's writing this poem and Zhuge Liang's starting work.
Teaching hours 1 class hour
teaching process
First, introduce a new tree.
(1) Appreciate the setting of couplets.
Multimedia couplets: (the first pair) "Help Cooper, clear water and spring breeze, humble children have no home, they have extensive buildings, and the reputation of thatched cottage will be left to future generations;" After Tongguan, all the families drank and ate meat, and women got a salary, but there were many songs about foreigners, and poets wrote poems for thousands of years. "(The second mate) is cautious all his life. He will cross the south seven times and travel to the north six times. When the five zhangs are about to collapse, he can follow his teachings. Ten times the glory of the lotus, the eight wars became famous, the two rivers blessed, the quartet elite, and the three points of merit belonged to the founding fathers. " Let the students guess who wrote these two couplets.
After the students answered, the teacher instructed: "Homelessness" refers to "Homelessness" in Du Fu's masterpiece "Three Farewells". "Ten Thousand Buildings" is taken from the sentence "Ten Thousand Buildings in An De" in his poem "The Cottage is Blown by Autumn Wind". "Tongguan" refers to the Tongguan official in Du Fu's masterpiece "Three Officials". "Zhumen Wine and Meat" is quoted from the sentence "Zhumen wine and meat stink, and the road has frozen bones". "Respecting teachers and stressing morality" means that it is worthy of respect and admiration and can be used as a model for future generations to educate students. "He Baorong" means having great glory and being praised by the world. Immortality is all a pair of couplets praising Zhuge Liang, saying that Zhuge Liang has made outstanding achievements in his life and gave a high evaluation.
Teacher's Language: Du Fu is a great poet. He wants to serve the motherland and the people, but his talent is not shown. How does he feel when he stands in front of the revered ancestral temple of Zhuge Liang? Let's walk into the book and feel the poet's great feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
(2) Understand the poet's understanding of the world.
To understand a poem, we should know the poet and the writing background of the poem (multimedia demonstration)
Question 1: If you use "a (? What words would you fill in to introduce the author of Du Fu? Why do you want to fill in this word?
Example: A poor Du Fu. Because he is brilliant, but he has not been reused, the hero is useless. A talented Du Fu. Because he wrote many famous poems, he was called a poet and saint. Fu who has gone through hardships. Because Du Fu lived in the Tang Dynasty, which turned from prosperity to decline, he experienced the Anshi rebellion, witnessed the war, understood the suffering brought by the war to the people, and walked around the war himself. Fu who cares about the country and people. There is a poem to prove it: "An tens of millions of buildings are safe, and all the poor people in the world are happy." I have written poems such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", which reflect the pain brought by cruel military service to the people. )
Question 2. Fill in the blanks (say the names of the students to complete, and other students to supplement and correct)
(1) Du Fu, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, whose real name is Shaoling Yelao. Because he served as Assistant Minister of Industry, also known as (Du Gongbu).
(2) Du Fu's poems are called (Poetic History), and he is called (Poetic Sage) by later generations.
(3) Evaluate the famous sentence in Du Fu's poems "(Words are not surprising and never stop)"
(4) Du Fu is a famous (realistic) poet in the history of China's poetry.
(5) representative poem ("Three Officials") ("Three Farewells")
(6) Poetic styles are diverse, mainly (depressed and frustrated).
Question 3: Introduce the writing background of this poem.
Some students' answers: This poem was written in the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (760). In the spring of the following year, Du Fu escaped from Chengdu. The Anshi Rebellion has not subsided, and the Tang Dynasty is still in turmoil. Tang Suzong trusted eunuchs, but doubted literati like Du Fu who really cared about the country and people.
Du Fu experienced a series of official career blows, and his ideal of "being a gentleman for the sake of a gentleman, and then making the vulgar pure" was completely frustrated. The poet lives in Sichuan, living in a difficult situation, worried about family affairs and state affairs, depressed and hesitant. Seeing that the country is in danger and the people are in danger, they have no choice but to serve the country. Therefore, the poet admires and respects Zhuge Liang, who started the inheritance and saved the current situation. During this period, he wrote a series of poems praising Zhuge Liang, the most famous of which was Shu Xiang.
Second, appreciate poetry.
(1) Read the sentiment and find a poetic heart.
(1) Name the students you want to study. Feel the emotional tone of this poem. The emotional tone of the students' reaction to this poem is sadness and sigh. So read slowly, read deeply, and read a little sadly.
(2) Teachers demonstrate reading and students evaluate it.
(3) Listening and reading
(4) Students read independently. Requirements: correct pronunciation, rhythm, charm and feelings.
(5) Students demonstrate and recite emotionally.
(6) If you were asked to condense the emotions expressed in the whole poem into one word, which word in the poem would you think of? Students can express their opinions and justify themselves. )
Example of students' answer: "Qiu", because the whole poem expresses admiration for Zhuge Liang. "Tears", in this poem, the author expresses his regret that he and a hero like him have not paid their ambitions and achievements.
(2) Think and communicate, and feel poetic.
(1) The first link: Where is the Hall of Fame? ? Deep in a pine forest near the Silk City (multimedia presents the first couplet and questions, students discuss and answer)
Q: What kind of emotion does "seeking" reflect? What is the role of "Bai Sensen" in describing the lush cypress trees? An example of the answer: seeking-visiting with a purpose, not just walking around-has a strong admiration and nostalgia for Zhuge Liang and is eager to go to the temple to pay tribute to the ancient people's hearts. Bai Sensen-Ask yourself and answer yourself, remember the location and orientation of the ancestral temple, and render a quiet and solemn atmosphere.
(2) Turn your face: the green grass in spring dyes the steps, and the birds are singing happily under the leaves. (Multimedia display couplets and questions, students discuss and answer)
Question 1. Explain the meaning of keywords.
Reflective steps.-Reflective steps? Because-alone. Empty? Good voice-pleasant voice, here refers to bird singing.
Question 2: What images did Zhuan Xu choose to form? Does the author express his joy through spring scenery? Why? (Name the students to answer) Examples of answers: Yingjie, Bi Cao, Ge Ye, Huang Li. Fresh and beautiful spring scenery. The author expresses desolation and loneliness instead of joy. There is "self" and "emptiness", which means that few people come, and Zhuge Wuhou's great achievements in those days have become a thing of the past.
Question 3. Wang Guowei said: "The branches of red apricots are noisy in spring." When the word "noisy" is written, the realm is completely out. "In this regard, please tell me which two words in the couplet" Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing and flowers smell "are most closely related to the realm. (clear: self, empty) (roll call students to answer)
Question 4: A comparative understanding: "The green grass on the reflection platform is like spring, and the alternate leaves of orioles are good" and "With the green grass dyeing the steps in spring, the birds are singing happily under the leaves". (Students discuss and answer)
For example, the answer: "The green grass in Taiwan is full of spring colors, and the alternate leaves and orioles all sound good" has two meanings: the scenery full of spring and pleasing to the eye, and the cheerful mood.
"Green grass, birds and flowers" is a beautiful picture of green grass and orioles separated by leaves. But if the word ","is used to modify it, the feelings it contains will be greatly changed: the grass is green and no one patronizes it; The oriole has a good voice, and no one listens. How sad and sad this is.
Although "green grass, birds and flowers" is a kind of scenery, there is a kind of thinking about people and things between the lines. Manipulation: the scene is full of emotions and the scene blends.
(3) Neck couplets: Three considerations and constant strategies, and dedication to two generations (couplets and multimedia presentation of questions,
Question 1. Explain the meaning of the key words: (name the students to complete)
Looking after the thatched cottage-When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang, Liu Bei looked after the thatched cottage. Frequently-many times.
The plan of the world-Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation in the world and put forward the road of uniting Wu and resisting Cao to unify the world, also known as "Long Zhong Dui".
Two dynasties-Liu Bei, the first ruler of Shu, and Liu Chan, the last ruler. Help Liu Bei set up a foundation/help Liu Chan help the poor.
The heart of the old minister-the spirit of sparing no effort to be loyal to Shu until death.
The plan of the world-praise his heart of saving the world and be a talented veteran-praise his loyalty to the country.
Question 2. What is the reason why poets admire Zhuge Wuhou? Great talent, lifelong achievement, loyalty and perseverance are the reasons why poets admire them.
(4) Tail couplet: But before he conquered, he was already dead. Who made the hero full of tears (multimedia display couplets and questions)
Question 1. What does "getting started" mean? (roll call students to answer supplementary questions)
Introduction-Zhuge Liang visited the Central Plains six times in order to conquer Wei. In 234 AD, he led a large army, occupied Wuzhangyuan, and was deadlocked with Sima Yi across the Weihe River 100 days. In August, due to overwork, he died in the army and was buried in Dingjun Mountain.
Question 2: What are the feelings of the poets contained in "Don't start before you start" and "Tears in your Eyes"? (roll call students to answer the supplementary) professional admiration, unfinished business regret, sadness and sigh.
Question 3. Is a "hero" a failed hero or a successful hero? Does it include poets? (Call the students to answer and supplement)
It refers to a failed hero, so this poem writes out the deep regret and * * * feelings of all heroes in history who have unfinished business for their unfulfilled ambitions.
This hero also includes Lao Du himself. Du Fu is a poet who cares about the country and the people, takes the world as his responsibility and is ambitious. But I never got a chance. Lao Du has never achieved anything in politics. Even so, he still cares about national affairs and the world, so his heart is very painful. "But he died before he conquered, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on." This poem is a famous sentence cast by his own hard-earned pain and admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang.
(C), combing inquiry, understanding writing ((multimedia presentation questions, students discuss and answer, teachers summarize)
Question 1: What do you think are the expressive skills of this poem? Why?
Question 2: What feelings do you think the author expressed in this poem?
Teacher's summary: the main artistic skill: the feeling in the landscape? Express one's feelings through the past
The author's feelings: The poet praised Zhuge Liang's extraordinary intelligence and great achievements, regretted Zhuge Liang's unfulfilled ambition, and expressed his deep affection for his unfinished business. This poem is very sad, but it has its own sad beauty.
(4) Expand training to apply what you have learned.
(a) Classroom test (multi-media question, with assigned answers completed)
1. The improper interpretation of words in this poem is: (c)
A. "Shu Xiang" is Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han. "Jinguan City" is another name for Chengdu. "Bai Sensen" is a place where cypress trees flourish.
B. The phrase "Ying Ji" means that there are green grass in the ancestral hall, the spring scenery is empty, and the orioles sing well, but not many people appreciate it.
C. "Frequent troubles" means frequent and persistent. "The Great Plan of the World" refers to the unification of China and the revival of the Han Dynasty. "Two Dynasties" refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Shu Han Dynasty. "Open" means to set up a foundation, and "help" means to tide over the difficulties.
D. "Arise" means that Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei. "Heroes" refer to Zhuge Liang and people with lofty ideals who have served the country and the people since ancient times, including the poet himself.
2. An inappropriate evaluation of this poem is: (b)
A. the first contact is caused by questions, and it is straightforward. The word "Xun" expresses the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang.
B. The couplets are from far to near, and Zhuge Liang's lofty personality is set off by the beautiful scenery of green grass, singing and whispering.
C. The neckline highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. "The plan of the world" is a bold strategy, and "the heart of the old minister" and "dying first" show loyalty to the country.
D. the first four sentences of the poem are about the scenery of the ancestral temple, and the last four sentences are about the prime minister. Through the memory and praise of historical figures, the whole poem entrusts the poet's grief of worrying about the country and saving the world.
(B) Outward Bound Training: The skills of answering refined word questions in poetry appreciation in the exam.
1, (multimedia presentation) question mode
(1), which word in this couplet is the most vivid? Why?
2. One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
(3) Which word in a sentence in this poem has several versions as a word, which one do you think is better? Why?
Follow-up exercise 1: How do you ask the first two sentences of this poem if they are refined? (Students ask each other questions) Teachers' methods of answering questions (multimedia demonstration)
1, explain the word.
2. Explain this sentence. Put the key words into the original sentence to expand association or imagination, analyze the words and describe the picture in combination with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem, and taste the exquisiteness of refined words.
3, the answering method. If you have skills, be sure to answer what skills are used.
4. Answer thoughts and feelings. Talk about the author's thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem with the theme.
Follow-up exercise 2: What are the two most meaningful words: "Spring grass stains the steps, birds sing and flowers smell"? Try to make a brief analysis (students discuss and answer according to the teacher's instructions)
For example, the poetic eyes are self and empty. Self is loneliness, emptiness is white and futile. The green grass beside the steps is lush alone, which indicates a bright spring. Although the oriole hiding under the leaves sounds sweet, no one listens. This is a chilly picture of spring. The author's emotions in the scene show his inner sadness, paving the way for Zhuge Liang's unpaid lament.
Third, the class summary recites the whole poem
Fourth, homework review and consolidation
1. Recite and write this poem from memory. (Must be completed)
After learning this poem, I have a lot to say to Du Fu. Please say, "Du Fu, I want to tell you?" Send him a message about crossing the time tunnel. (optional)
3. Develop poetry in prose language. (optional)
Blackboard design:
Shu? Xiang du fu
Where can I find admiration (love)
Bai Sensen-solemn (scenery)
Green grass, spring, oriole-fresh and bright (music scene)
Love in the scenery? By yourself? Empty? Desolation and loneliness (sadness)
Excuse me. World Plan (Excellent Talent)-Admire.
Old minister's heart (loyalty)-praise.
I didn't start well.-with regret.
Tears filled my eyes-sadness and sadness.