Fairy tale poetry plays an important role in Pushkin's poetry creation. His fairy-tale poems have strong characteristics of Russian folk poems. As early as 18 17 to 1820, Pushkin wrote a rich and romantic poem "Ruslan and lyudmila" based on folk stories and legends, which caused a sensation in the whole Russian poetry circle and even made his teacher, the most famous poet at that time, zhukovsky exclaim: "Great genius! Beautiful poem! " Later, in the 1930s of 19, Pushkin left five complete and precious fairy tales to the world besides the unfinished fairy tale "The Story of the Bear": about the priest and his long-term worker Balda (1830), King Sardinia and his glorious and powerful warrior son Gviden? The story of the Duke of Norich, the Princess of Sardinia and the Beautiful Swan (183 1), the story of the fisherman and the golden fish (1833), the story of the dead princess and the Seven Warriors (1833) and the story of the Golden Rooster (1833).
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, Russia was an agricultural country. Farmers in this country can't live without folk songs all their lives, and the countryside is full of folk songs and fairy tales. On the road, accompanied by the bell of the carriage is the driver's song; Whether at work or at weddings, singing and dancing are indispensable in fields and festivals; Even in casual winter night parties, people express their emotions, struggles and memories through singing and dancing. It can be said that everything in life is reflected in songs, fairy tales and legends. Pushkin often listened to fairy tales and legends told by his grandmother and nanny when he was a child, and was influenced by the environment of folk poetry. These folk songs, ballads and folktales unconsciously remained in Pushkin's memory and infiltrated into his poetry creation, becoming the prototype and material of his fairy tale plot, characters and humorous expression. As far as story content, plot development and characters are concerned, all Pushkin's fairy tales retain the characteristics of Russian folk literature. But in general, Russian folk stories are in the form of prose, while Pushkin's recreated fairy tales are in the form of poems, which are more popular and smooth, and are conducive to reading and singing. Pushkin's fairy tales, like folk stories, generally have a meaningful ending, which is meaningful and thought-provoking. As the story of Golden Rooster clearly points out at the end:
Although fairy tales are fictional, they have profound implications!
Beneficial to kind young people.
In the fairy tale "The Story of Father and His Long-term Worker Balda", Pushkin satirized and exposed the greed and ignorance of the priest, and praised the wit, cleverness and love of labor of the long-term worker Balda. Pushkin's love and hate are distinct, and his works have important social significance.
In Pushkin's fairy tales, King Sardinia and his glorious and powerful warrior son Gwyden? In the story of Duke Norwich, Sardinia and the beautiful Princess Swan, we should pay attention to two points: first, the sister who was jealous, slandered and framed by the two sisters finally had a fair and happy ending; The second is to create an ideal and happy image of the kingdom-there are many high-rise buildings on the island, everyone is rich, little squirrels are constantly creating wealth, and Warrior Stone 1 is formed to guard the island. In the dark era of czar's autocratic rule, it is really commendable that Pushkin can create such works that castigate evil and look forward to a better future.
Pushkin often changes plots and characters in the process of writing fairy tales, adding a lot of his own things-new content and new characters, making his works more vivid and fascinating. Therefore, Pushkin creatively developed and enriched the story content and genre form of Russian folk literature on the basis of folk stories. Among them, the story of fisherman and golden fish is a household name, the most popular and favorite, and has profound progressive significance. The insatiable old woman will inevitably be punished in the end, because she not only has a growing appetite for the lives of ladies and queens, but also becomes more and more hateful as her desires are satisfied again and again. She even whipped the servant's hair and forced his wife to work hard in the stable. Not to mention, when she became queen, she almost forced the samurai to cut off her wife's head. Finally, she had a whim to let the "responsive" little goldfish serve her and listen to her.
Among all Pushkin's fairy tales, The Dead Princess and the Seven Warriors is the most lyrical and poetic. This fairy tale poem describes the stepmother's jealousy and persecution of the princess. The beautiful princess in fairy tales is especially like a peasant girl. She is gentle, kind and modest, and especially loves labor. These advantages of her are bound to win people's favor, and it is natural that the Seven Warriors will soon fall in love with her. Pushkin shows the noble and beautiful moral standards of the Russian people through the unique way of the princess-the scene of refusing the proposal of the seven warriors.
The Story of the Golden Rooster is not only an oppressive and belligerent fairy tale poem that attacks the rule of the czar, but also a fairy tale poem with strong irony. Its theme is consistent with similar creations in folk literature: women are more terrible than any enemy, and the harm of women lies in destruction. The king of a powerful kingdom and his two sons are brave and good at fighting. Although the soldiers are stronger than Ma Zhuang, despite the constant reminder of the golden rooster, they can't resist the attack of the beautiful queen of a foreign country, and they can't escape the fate of being wiped out and losing their lives.
Reading and appreciating Pushkin's fairy tales is really an artistic enjoyment, from which we will get great ideological enlightenment and increase our knowledge and understanding of moral standards.
As early as the 1940s, Pushkin's fairy tales were widely circulated and welcomed in China through the translation of the elder Mr. Ge Baoquan. As a former translator, Mr. Ge Lao really contributed a lot. However, with the passage of time and the development of culture, a new version is needed, which has new development and breakthrough in reflecting the original content and artistic style, and can at least be used as a correction and supplement to the existing version of "fly in the ointment".
A few years ago, thanks to the trust and love of Relay Publishing House, we were invited to retranslate Pushkin's fairy tale poems in order to be included in the World Fairy Tale Classic Illustrated Collection sponsored by the agency. We used the opportunity of visiting Russia to collect all kinds of illustrated books and related materials of Pushkin's fairy tales, and made full use of favorable conditions to deepen our understanding and research on Pushkin's fairy tales. In this process, we got Ada, a former Soviet classmate in the 1950s. Polanska, Marina? Bo Glebin, Scarneau and Gina? Natasha Vaalamo Eva? Jiajietskava and others helped greatly. On the occasion of the publication of the Chinese version of Pushkin's fairy tale illustrations, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the above friends!