Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, seeing off guests in Songpukou and listening to those who play the pipa in the middle of the night will have the clank of iron in Kyoto. Asked male, Ben Chang 'an advocates women, learns the pipa from the old and faded Mu and Cao, and devotes himself to being a good girl. Then he ordered wine and asked Aauto Quicker to play some songs. When I was young, I told myself my happiness. Now I am wandering, haggard and wandering between rivers and lakes. After two years as an official, I feel at ease and feel that I have moved towards the future. Because of long sentences and songs, every 616 words are called pipa xing.
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life. I can't work hard: I'm not satisfied.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, first "Nishang" and then "Liu Yao" (Liu Yao Zuo Yi: Green Waist).
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. (Take a short break: take a gradual break)
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers.
How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine. (silver grate: cloud grate)
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
Three hundred Tang poems, ancient high school poems, Yuefu, writer, resentment, worry and anger.
Translation and annotation
translate
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to Sima of Jiujiang County. One day in the autumn of the following year, I was seeing off guests at Songpukou, and at night I heard someone playing the lute on the boat. Listen to that sound, jingle bells, with the popular rhyme of Kyoto. Ask about this person, who turned out to be a singer in Chang 'an, and once studied under two pipa masters, Mu and Cao. Later, she got old, retired and married a businessman. So I ordered someone to set the wine and asked her to play a few songs happily. After she finished playing, she looked a little blue. She talked about the joy of childhood, but now she is wandering, haggard and wandering between rivers and lakes. After leaving Beijing for two years, I had a very relaxed and enjoyable life. Now I am moved by this man's words, and I feel that I was demoted that night. So I wrote a long poem for her, * * * 6 16, entitled Pipa.
In the evening, I went to Xunyang River to see the guests off, and the maple reeds were rustled by the autumn wind.
My guests and I dismounted from the boat to bid farewell and drank useless music.
If you don't drink well, it will be even sadder. When we left, there was a Leng Yue in the boundless river.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa from the river; I forgot to return, and the guests didn't want to leave.
Find the sound source and ask softly who is playing the pipa? Pipa stopped for a long time, but it was still silent.
We moved the boat closer, invited her out to meet us, and asked the servants to add more wine to rekindle the banquet.
It was a long time before she came out slowly, holding the pipa in her arms and covering her face.
She turned the piano shaft tightly, plucked the strings and tried to play a few times, but before playing it into a tune, she had feelings first.
The sad voice of the strings suggests meditation, as if telling her life's unhappiness.
She kept her brow down and played slowly and continuously, pouring out endless sadness in her heart.
Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it, pick it, and play "Colorful Feather" first, then "Liuyao".
The voice of the big string is heavy and heavy, like a storm, and the small string is light and quiet, eager and fine, like people whispering.
Noise and tangles play alternately, just like pearls, big and small, falling off the jade plate one by one.
For a while, it is like a flowering oriole singing tactfully and smoothly, and for a while, it is like spring water flowing under the ice.
It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the spring began to condense, and the sound of poor condensation gradually stopped.
It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly breeding. At this time, the sound is more moving than the sound.
Suddenly, the pipa sounded suddenly high, like a silver bottle bursting and water rushing; It's like playing a team of fighters, whistling with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, the plectrum crossed from the middle of the strings, and the four strings roared as if tearing the cloth.
It turns out that boats and cruise ships in the east and west are very quiet, and only the autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river is white.
She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Finishing clothes still looks solemn.
She said that she is a famous singer in Beijing, and her hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an.
At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra.
Every time I play, I marvel at the masters of art, and every time I make up for it, I envy my peers.
All the rich children in Beijing are vying to give me a reward. Whenever a song is played, I don't know how many colored silks to give.
The beat of the silver grate at the bridgehead is often broken and scattered, and the red skirt is stained with wine without regret.
Year after year, I spent my time laughing and playing, and the good times of autumn and spring were wasted.
Jiao Fang's brothers joined the army, and the aunt in charge died. I am old and faded in the past.
Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners, and you have to marry a businessman when you are old.
The businessman only pays attention to profit, but despises parting. Last month, he went to Fuliang to buy tea and handle the goods.
He left me alone at the mouth of the river, accompanied by the bright moon, and the autumn water around the hut was cold.
I often dream of having fun as a teenager in the middle of the night, and I wake up crying in my dream and stain my face.
I shook my head and sighed when I heard the pipa, and it was even more embarrassing to hear her speak.
They are also poor people who are reduced to the end of the world. Why do you ask if you have met when you meet today?
I have been ill since I left the prosperous capital Chang 'an last year and was demoted to live by Xunyang River.
Xunyang is a desolate and remote place. There is no music, and you can't hear the orchestra all the year round.
Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo.
What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes.
The riverside flowers are as beautiful as a moonlit night in Qiu Jiang, so there is no alternative but to drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh.
Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open.
Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song. I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you.
Moved by my words, she stood for a long time, turned and sat down, and then tightened the strings to dial an urgent tone.
It's so sad, it's not as monotonous as when it was first played. People here are hard of hearing and have been crying.
Which of you shed the most tears? My tears of Jiangzhou Sima soaked my blue skirt!
To annotate ...
Move to the left: demote an official, demote. The ancient left is inferior, so it is called "moving left".
Next year: the second year.
Collision sound: describes the sound made by metal, jade, etc.
Kyoto tone: refers to the musical tone popular in the capital of Tang Dynasty.
Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, ancient song and dance artist.
Good talent: at that time, it was a general term for Pipa master or Qufu master. It means "expert".
Commitment: commitment, here refers to marriage.
Do sth.
Jia (G incarnation) is a businessman.
Order wine: ask (one's men) to set the wine.
Quick: carefree.
Pity: melancholy eyes.
Drifting: drifting and falling.
Official: (Beijing official) transferred.
Calm down: indifferent and quiet.
Demotion or exile.
Pro: Creation.
Long sentence: refers to seven-character verse.
Song: Write a song.
Fan: All the time.
Text: Text.
Life: naming, title.
Xunyang River: Wanli Yangtze River flows through the north of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Because Jiujiang was called Xunyang in ancient times, it is also called Xunyang River.
Whispering: Describe the sound of maple reeds being blown by autumn wind.
Whispering: Describe the sound of maple reeds being blown by autumn wind.
Host: The poet refers to himself.
Turn off the light: Turn on the light again. X: Here we go again.
Spindle plucking: winding the shaft of the silk string on the pipa to tune and set the tone.
Cover up: To cover up or suppress.
Thinking: sadness, injury.
Letter hand: handy.
Continuous play: continuous play.
Close: the fingers of the left hand push inward according to the strings (in the middle of the pipa).
Twisting: the act of kneading strings.
Wipe: Pull the string to the left, also called "bounce".
Pick: the act of returning the ball backhand
"Nishang": namely "colorful feather", originally a western region music and dance, was voiced by Yang Yige in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, and then flowed into the Central Plains.
Liu Yao: The title of Daqu, also known as Xerox, Green Waist and Luyao, is a kind of dance music.
Major chord: refers to the thickest chord.
Noisy: The voice is heavy and deep.
Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord.
Keenness: subtlety promotes quietness, longing and subtlety.
Customs room: Yu Ying is called "Customs room". Birds sing.
Pharyngalgia: Obstruction is not smooth.
Difficult under the ice: the spring flow is blocked under the ice, which describes the music changing from smooth to cold.
Freeze: freeze.
Burst: sputtering.
End of song: end of music.
Plucking: A plucking tool used when playing strings.
Be careful when painting: this is a right-handed technique. At the end of a piece of music, you often draw four strings in the middle of the pipa with a plucker.
Ship: Ship.
Convergence: the convergence of facial expressions (deep resentment when thinking deeply).
Shrimp (há) Ling Ran: Located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang, it was a famous amusement area at that time.
Jiao Fang: The official organization in charge of conducting musical acrobatics and directing songs and dances in the Tang Dynasty.
Qiu Niang: the common name of song and dance prostitutes in Tang Dynasty.
Five Mausoleums: Outside Chang 'an, the tomb of five emperors in Han Dynasty.
Tie the head: send brocade, silk and other gifts to cabaret prostitutes.
Tulle: Thin and light silk.
Diàn silver comb (b √): This refers to the comb-shaped hair accessories embedded with flowers.
Clap your hands: beat the time.
Color reason: appearance aging.
Floating beam: the name of ancient county, which belonged to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province is rich in tea.
Come and go: after leaving.
Dream crying makeup tears: crying in the dream, tears sprinkled on the face that has been evenly powdered.
Dry: the appearance of vertical and horizontal disorder.
Weight: again, weight and meaning.
Haw: Sigh.
Hum and ridicule: describe the noise of sound.
Pipa: Pipa sound, music played by pipa.
Temporary: suddenly.
Sit: Go back to the original place.
Speed up the rope: twist the rope tighter.
Forward sound: just played monotonously.
Hide your face and cry.
Blue shirt: the dress color of civil servants in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's rank at that time was to be an assistant minister, so he took the blue shirt. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
References:
1, Wei Yan. Query on the text annotation of Pipaxing [J]. Modern Chinese (Teaching Research Edition), 05, 2006
Make an appreciative comment
The poetic eye (theme) of this poem is "We are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ."
By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.
In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, profoundly reflecting the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressing the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". The beginning of a poem
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Creation background
Pipaxing was written on 8 16 (the eleventh year of Yuanhe), and it is a seven-character ancient poem. Seeing a guest off in Jiangtou, Xunyang, I met a singer who was abandoned in his later years because of his artistic skills. She was unhappy, and combined with her own experience in the journey, she created this famous Pipa Trip (formerly Pipa Trip), with singing as the genre.
Useful, useless, perfect
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Distinguish and appreciate
This is a famous masterpiece of realism. The full text takes the characters as clues, not only writing the life experience of the pipa girl, but also writing the poet's feelings, and then meeting in the sentence "We are both unhappy-to the end of the day". The singer's tragic experience is very specific and can be regarded as a bright line; The poet's feelings permeate between the lines, and with the constant changes of the music played by the pipa girl and her life experience, it can be regarded as a dark line. This one is bright and dark, one is real and one is empty, which makes the plot ups and downs. The story it tells is tortuous and touching, and the emotion it expresses can arouse people's voices. The language is beautiful but not flashy, refined but not obscure, the content is close to life and has a wide range of sociality, elegance and popularity.
The first part is about seeing Fujian crossing the river and suddenly hearing the sound of pipa, in order to explain it to the pipa girl.
From "I saw a guest off on Xunyang River in the dead of night" to "She still hid half her face behind the guitar from us", I described my regret that there was no music at the farewell party and invited the businesswoman to play the pipa.
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Appreciate II
Hong Mai, a Song Dynasty man, thought that it might not be credible to meet a girl playing pipa at night. The author expresses his "hatred of the end of the world" through the fictional plot (Volume 7 of Rong Zhai Essays) and grasps the key points. However, since the fictional plot truly reflects the unfortunate experience of the pipa girl, in terms of the objective significance of the poem, it also expresses the "hatred of the end of the world" of "Chang 'an Xuanzong". It is also one-sided not to see this.
The poet made great efforts to shape the image of pipa girl.
From the beginning to "hiding half a face in front of us behind her guitar", write about the pipa girl.
The first sentence, "I see a guest off at night in Xunyang River", is only seven words, which roughly introduces the people (host and guests), the place (head of Xunyang River), the event (host sees a guest off) and the time (night); Dye the environment with the phrase "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn", and it is lonely to see guests off on a bleak autumn night.
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Bai Juyi?
Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on. ? 3074 poems and essays