Explore this vast land:
This corner has been reduced to ashes,
That corner is just blood and mud;
This lake should be my hometown,
In spring, there are many flowers on the embankment.
The tender willow tree has a strange smell when it is broken.
I touched the coolness of seaweed and water;
The snow peaks in Changbai Mountain are freezing cold.
The water and sediment of the Yellow River slip through the fingers;
Rice fields in the south of the Yangtze River, your new grass.
It is so thin, so soft ... now there is only Artemisia capillaris;
Litchi flowers in Lingnan are lonely and withered,
There, I was immersed in the bitter water of the South China Sea without fishing boats. ...
Invisible palms sweep the infinite mountains and rivers,
Fingers stained with blood and ash, palms stained with darkness,
Only the far corner is still intact,
Warm, clear, firm and vigorous spring.
On it, I stroked it with my broken palm,
Like a lover's soft hair, a baby's milk.
I put all my strength in my palm.
Put it on, send love and all hope,
Because there is only the sun, no spring,
Will dispel the haze and bring Su Sheng,
Because it's the only place where we don't live like animals,
Die like an ant ... there, eternal China!
Information:
First, the overall grasp
1942, the poet Dai Wangshu was arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie for editing and distributing anti-Japanese poems in newspapers. In prison, he was tortured, but he never gave in. "I use my broken palm" was written at that time. This poem is a song dedicated to the motherland by the poet behind the bars of the invaders.
I groped for this vast land with my broken palm. In the enemy's dungeon, the poet used the "damaged palm" to expand his imagination and let it explore the map of the motherland in his mind. The "vast land" symbolizes the motherland, and the "damaged palm" is both realistic and shows the unyielding will of the poet.
"This corner has been reduced to ashes,/there is only blood and mud in that corner", and "ashes", "blood" and "mud" are a summary of the bleak scene in the occupied areas. The burning, killing and looting of the invaders made this land a ruin and people were displaced. The poet's palm was damaged and the land of the motherland was fragmented. Poets and the motherland share the same fate.
"This lake should be my hometown ... I touched seaweed and cool water, and the" palm "brought the poet to his" hometown ",where the scenery used to be so beautiful and charming. The author wrote about the spring in his hometown, where flowers, tender willows, algae and water mobilized his vision, smell and touch, as if he had returned to his hometown himself. The deep homesickness between the lines is in stark contrast to the reality that the author is in prison.
"The snow peaks in Changbai Mountain are very cold ... I dipped in the bitter water of the South China Sea without fishing boats, and my palm touched a large piece of land from north to south. Changbai Mountain, Yellow River, Jiangnan, Lingnan and Nanhai, the author highlights the special things in this area everywhere, and mobilizes many senses to feel their characteristics: snow peaks, muddy water, new grass, chrysanthemum, litchi flowers and bitter water. Emotionally, these lines are melancholy and cold, expressing the poet's unspeakable feelings for the suffering motherland.
"Invisible palms sweep the infinite mountains and rivers,/fingers are stained with blood and ash, palms are stained with darkness", and the poet's thoughts gallop on the land of the motherland, leaving the impression that the land is trampled by the invaders everywhere he goes.
"Only the far corner is still intact,/warm, bright, firm and vigorous." "Palm" finally touched the "one corner still exists" land, which is a liberated area that has not been trampled. From here on, the poet's mood is no longer low, but becomes clear and positive. He has not personally experienced the life in the Liberated Areas, but he yearns for it emotionally. This is his lyrical description of the liberated areas.
"On it, I stroked it with my damaged palm,/just like my lover's soft hair and the milk in a baby's hand." This is the second time in the poem that the words "I use my broken palm" are emphasized. Persecuted by the enemy because of patriotism, I found comfort in this warm and clear land. The two images of "lover's fur" and "baby's milk" are used properly, arousing the most intimate feelings in people's lives.
I put all my strength in my palm/stick it in my palm and send my love and all my hopes. I express my heartfelt wishes and firmly believe that the anti-Japanese struggle led by China's * * * production party will surely win, and the liberated areas are the hope of national rejuvenation.
"Because only there is the sun, it is spring./It will drive away the haze and bring Su Sheng." Using the similarity between "sun" and "spring" to describe the liberated areas can bring light and awakening to the land of China.
"Because it is the only place where we don't live like animals and/or die like ants ... there is eternal China", and the poem ends in a high-pitched tone. The author expresses sincere feelings for the liberated areas and ardent hopes for the future of the motherland.
Second, the problem research
1. The emotional color and description of the two parts of this poem are obviously different. Let's make a concrete analysis according to the original poem.
From the emotional point of view, the first half is negative and indifferent, and the second half is positive and warm. The contrast between the front and back parts is obvious.
In the first half, the author imagined touching the enemy-occupied area on the map with his palm, where there were only "ashes" and "blood and mud", which was a bleak scene. The picturesque "hometown" is now occupied by the invaders, and the author reveals his anxiety and anger in his poems. The poet's emotions are also projected on more peers. Next, a series of words such as "cold" in the snowy peaks of Changbai Mountain, "water with sediment" in the Yellow River, "Artemisia scoparia" growing in rice fields in the south of the Yangtze River, "litchi flowers dying in the south of the Yangtze River" and "bitter water without fishing boats" in the South China Sea are the feelings of many senses about the current situation of the country, as well as hints about the miserable life of the people in the occupied areas, and the poet's direction in prison. In the first half, the author used the method of comparing the past and the present (that is, the phrase "rice fields in the south of the Yangtze River"), which aggravated the rendering of emotions.
In the second half, the author touched the "remote corner" of the liberated area, and his mood suddenly changed. Because of "warmth", "bright" and "spring", the poet's emotional tendency is more prominent than the first two. "Lover's fur" and "baby's milk" are two metaphors that have been praised all the time, which make people feel more cordial to the liberated areas. In the author's lyrical description of the liberated areas, words such as love, hope, sunshine and spring are used. The two metaphors of "animals live like animals" and "ants die like ants" are used to compare the liberated areas with hot water occupied areas, where national rejuvenation will be realized and "eternal China" will be born.
The use of contrast before and after this poem makes the author's emotional tendency more distinct, which shows his deep yearning for the liberated areas and ardent hope for the bright future of the motherland.
This poem describes many objects, but we don't find it complicated to read. Why?
"I Use a Broken Palm" unfolds the content of the poem in imagination. In imagination, the poet's palm caresses the vast land. First, I occupied my hometown, then I went from the northern part of the motherland to the southernmost part, and finally I stayed in the liberated areas. Summarizing every characteristic scenery in the motherland, the author highlights the tactile functions of the palm (as well as the functions of the sense organs such as vision, smell and taste), such as "cool", "cold", "sliding out", "thin", "soft" and "dipping". In this way, the relatively extensive description object is relatively concentrated, which runs through the clue of "the feeling of the palm" So we won't feel confused when reading.
In addition, this poem has a special rhyme way. Sometimes it's four lines and one rhyme, sometimes it's two lines and one rhyme. For example, from the fifth line, the rhyming words are "Xiang-Xiang-Liang", "Gu-Chu", "Cao-Artemisia", "Plant-Water", "Mountain-Dark", "Fu-Chest", "Palm-Hope" and "Living-Country" in turn. This flexible rhyme not only embodies the freedom of modern poetry form, but also makes the whole poem have a relatively coordinated rhythm.
Third, practical guidance.
First, recite the text with emotion, carefully understand the poet's feelings when he "gropes" with his "damaged palm" on the land of the motherland, and talk about the ups and downs of the poet's heart.
This question is intended to guide students to grasp the thoughts and feelings of this poem as a whole from reciting.
The poet caressed the vivid thoughts of the motherland with the "damaged palm", recreated the scenes of his hometown, Changbai Mountain, Yellow River, Jiangnan, Lingnan and liberated areas that he had never experienced personally in his imagination, and expressed his inner changes with the feeling of "palm". At first, the poet was mixed with grief and indignation, but he turned to ardent expectations and hoped for the national rejuvenation in the liberated areas.
Second, pay attention to the decorative related words in the poem, see which ones are positive and warm, and which ones are negative and cold, and talk about the expressive effect of the poet's writing like this.
This topic is intended to guide students to appreciate this poem from the perspective of language use.
Positive and warm words such as: new, far, warm, bright, solid, energetic and eternal. ...
Negative, cold-toned words, such as: damaged, cold, biting, lonely, gaunt, dark. ...
The reason why poets use these words like this is to better express their deep love and hate.
Thirdly, poets often put emotions in concrete images, making abstract artistic conception sensible. Draw lessons from this writing method, contact your own life experience, and write a few poetic words to express your feelings (such as "missing", "sadness" and "joy").
The purpose of this question is to let students learn to express their thoughts and feelings by describing specific things from this poem and write a short composition. Students don't have to write poetry, they can write prose. Don't write too long, just 100 to 500 words.
Four. Brief introduction of poet
Dai Wangshu (1905— 1950), formerly known as Dai Menggou. Hangzhou county, Zhejiang province. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/923, he entered the Chinese Department of Shanghai University. 1925, join the Communist Youth League and do propaganda work. /kloc-co-founded a first-line bookstore in Shanghai in October, 1928, and published "Trolley Train" bimonthly. After being sealed up, it was renamed as Ink Bookstore, published the monthly magazine "New Literature and Art" .. 193 1 joined the China Left-wing League. 1932 went to France at his own expense and studied at the Chinese University of Lyon. A year later, I went to the University of Paris to attend a lecture and was influenced by French symbolist poets. 1935 returned to China. The following year, New Poetry was published. He lived in Hong Kong from 65438 to 0938, and was the editor-in-chief of Constellation, a supplement to Sing Tao Daily, and Vertex, a poetry publication. He also edited the supplements of Zhujiang Daily and Dazhong Daily. At the same time, he organized the Hong Kong branch of the Literary Society and served as a director. 194 1 year, after Japan occupied Hong Kong, it was arrested and imprisoned, and was injured and disabled, showing noble national integrity. 1949 went back to the mainland to work as a translator in the French section of the International Information Bureau. 1950 died of asthma. There are dozens of poetry collections, such as My Memory, Wang Shucao, Wang Shucao's Poems, Disasters of Years, Selected Poems of Dai Wangshu, Poems of Dai Wangshu, and other translations. He is the representative of China's modern symbolism poetry. Theory and creative practice have had a considerable impact on the development of China's new poetry. In his early years, he wrote about his lonely mood, full of sadness. Influenced by western symbolism, his images are hazy and implicit. The later poems showed strong feelings of loving the motherland and hating the invaders. "I use a broken palm" was written in 1942? On March 3rd, it was a song dedicated to the motherland by the poet behind bars of the invaders.
Second, the appreciation of "I Use the Residual Palm" (Hong Zicheng)
19411February 15. The British Hong Kong authorities surrendered to the Japanese invaders. After the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, they raided anti-Japanese elements. 1in the spring of 942, Dai Wangshu was also arrested and imprisoned by the Japanese gendarmerie. In prison, he was tortured, but he did not give in. In prison, he wrote several poems, among which "I use my broken palm" is one.
According to Feng's memory, "When I was walking with him on Pokfulam Road, he talked about the territory of China several times, just like a leaf. It's a pity that a leaf is missing. I hope I can see the whole leaf one day. Now he is named "Broken Palm". Obviously, this palm symbolizes his yearning for the motherland and points to his voice of survival. " (February issue of Hong Kong Literature 1985)
This poem can be divided into two parts. The first part shows the deep concern for the fate of the motherland: although my palm has been "damaged", I still have to grope on the "vast land" of the motherland, and I only touch "blood and ashes", thus feeling that the motherland is shrouded in the "darkness" of suffering. In the second part, the poet's hand finally touched the "distant corner", that is, the liberated area that was "still intact" and was not ravaged by the invaders. The poet gave deep praise to this land symbolizing "eternal China". Describe the darkness in the occupied areas, proceed from reality and connect them with distinctive small pictures. Describing the beautiful scenery of the liberated areas, we should focus on freehand brushwork, touching people with emotion, and touching people with emotion. Coupled with a series of metaphors of warm and intimate atmosphere, the poems reveal warm and beautiful colors. It can be said that this poem is not only the crystallization of the poet's long-term feelings, but also the sublimation of his patriotic spirit in suffering and depression.
In terms of artistic techniques, this poem does not shy away from the direct expression and evaluation of things, but the expression of thoughts and feelings is mainly realized through the composition of images. Illusion and virtual application are the main creative techniques of this poem. The poet was in prison, imagining the vast land of the motherland as if it were in front of him. He can not only really see its shape and color, but also feel its warmth and smell its fragrance. This virtuality strongly shows the poet's deep feelings for the motherland. In the virtual overall image, the poet also described the real things with intuitive details: the flowers on the embankment are like flowers, the fragrance of tender willow branches, the snow peaks in Changbai Mountain, the Yellow River with sediment, and the litchi flowers in Lingnan. These meticulous descriptions reveal the poet's attachment and love for the motherland, as well as his grief over the heavy disaster suffered by the motherland. It is worth noting that in the visual description of the details, the poet also used the technique of "virtual imagination": touching the "slightly cold" water, feeling the "biting" Changbai Mountain, and the Yellow River water "sliding out with sand between my fingers", all of which are imagination and virtuality in the visual description, and are the embodiment of the illusion of "I grope with a broken palm" in the poem. As for writing "there is no fishing boat in bitter water", "the fingers are stained with blood and gray, and the palms are stained with darkness", when writing about love for the liberated areas, it is said that the palm touching "is like the soft hair of a lover, the milk in a baby's hand", which is a combination of metaphor and simile. In particular, the metaphor of "like the soft hair of a lover and the milk in a baby's hand" is just right and contains rich feelings, which has been praised again and again.
(Selected from the Dictionary of Appreciation of New Poetry, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 199 1 edition)
Five, "I use the damaged palm" guide (Wu Sijing)
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's bullets knocked a group of modernist poets out of the ivory tower. They no longer have leisure to "stand on the bridge and watch the scenery" and "decorate other people's dreams". Modernism seems to give people the impression that this is the self-appreciation of a group of spiritual nobles behind closed doors. Therefore, when Dai Wangshu wrote his touching poem "I Use Damaged Palm", people found that it was broad, broad, deep and clear, which was completely different from the exquisiteness, exquisiteness, sadness and mystery of his early works. Many critics think that he has moved towards realism. There are also some scholars and poets who have made great achievements in foreign literature, such as Yuan Kejia. They see modernist techniques in their bones, but it seems that only a few people agree with this view. I think that a person may say different things at different times, but the way behind these words may not change. That's why I have a strong attraction with my damaged palm.
This poem first uses a surreal technique: "I grope for this vast land with my broken palm" is the soul of the whole poem. Dai Wangshu once said: "Poetry comes from reality through imagination, not only from reality, but also from imagination." The damaged palm was originally small, but it can explore the vast land. For a while, "touch the algae and make the water cool", and for a while, "let the water of the Yellow River slip through your fingers". This sharp contrast between the big and the small constitutes a unique background. Under the influence of this context, there is a tension between the connotation and extension of "palm". "Palm" is not only an individual's palm, but also the injured and "damaged" palm of the whole nation. It is hurt, but it is still wide, as wide as a vast land. It transcends the tangible palm of the individual and becomes the intangible palm of the nation: the invisible palm sweeps the infinite mountains and rivers, and the invisible palm sticks to the same invisible darkness. Romanticism and symbolism also want to create surrealism, but mainly rely on illusory and exaggerated images. However, this surreal effect in modernist works is mainly obtained through language, which emphasizes that under the unique context, abnormal collocation such as paradox and irony is used to expand or deform semantics, so as to achieve an effect of "reasonable in irrationality".
To some extent, the works cover up the subjective feelings and the image of the lyric hero, and send them to a vivid image and corresponding actions, namely "injured palm" and "groping" with the palm. The inner pain turned into a wounded palm; Love for the motherland and regret for the decline of rivers and mountains have become affectionate explorations, just like a mother stroking a child and a child caressing her mother. It is through this vivid image and action that an aesthetic distance is formed between the author and reality. When "the invisible palm sweeps the infinite mountains and rivers", when "I touch with the damaged palm" and when "I convey all my strength in the palm", it seems that a soul is observing this kind of suffering, persistence and belief from a higher place. In this way, there are two selves in the poem: one is a member of life on the vast land, and the cruel war and life have given him a pair of broken palms, and he is the experiencer of life; The other self is the wounded soul of our nation, which is universal and eternal. He transcended time and space and looked at this page of history with profound eyes, not only seeing suffering, but also pointing out hope and strength. After a careful understanding of the latter self, it seems that we can still vaguely feel a little mysticism connected with the author's early works.
China's modern lyric poetry can be divided into three lyric ways: romanticism (emotionalism), symbolism and modernism. The romantic lyric way is to express one's feelings directly and hit the reader's heart with emotional statements. For example, the song Sophie, a woman crying to death written by Gao Lan was born almost at the same time as I used a broken palm, and was told for a while: "Where have you been? My Sophie! /Last year's day/You sang "Hit Japan's Export Gas" on the stage! /Today of this year! /Your grave is covered with green grass! ..... "Four exclamation points and a question mark are used in the short five-line poem. Ai Qing and the July Poetry School under his influence adopted more symbolic lyrical ways, and endowed an image, a light and a color with universal connotations. Such as Ai Qing's "Gray and Yellow" tune, "Land" and "The Sun" by Aaron. To understand the meaning and feelings, it depends mainly on the reader's association. Modernist lyricism, although similar to symbolism, also contains symbolic elements, but more subtle. It emphasizes that through the reproduction of some daily experiences, readers can be aroused to have corresponding memory representations, so that readers can realize the feelings behind such experiences by recalling and experiencing their own similar experiences. This feeling belongs to both the author and the reader. It is not imposed on the reader by the author, but aroused from the reader's heart by the author through some daily experience. Once this feeling is aroused from the reader's heart, it is heartfelt, internal, profound and lasting.
We might as well compare the central sentence of Ai Qing's Snow on the Land of China, "Snow falls on the land of China, and cold hinders China" to "I grope for this vast land with my broken palm". The former is a symbolic lyrical way, symbolizing the present social situation in China with natural phenomena and psychological coldness with natural coldness. Through association, readers will see the tragic scene that China lost his life at the hands of the Japanese invaders. And the latter, in China at that time, how many people were stroking their relatives, comrades-in-arms, land and the ruins of land with damaged palms, on the battlefield against the enemy, on the way to escape, in the enemy's prison (such as the author himself), beside the burnt-out hut. These two poems are the reappearance of the common experience of China people at that time, which are the most concrete and detailed, as well as the most common and abstract. The tone of these two poems is very calm, but in this calm tone, it contains the extremely rich, complex and profound feelings of China people behind such daily experience. China's modernist poetry pursues "beauty and law" and tries to combine western new poetics with China's traditional poetics. While emphasizing "good hints", it should also be linked with China's poetic tradition of "mourning without hurting, and being happy without lewdness". Judging from the emotional expression effect of this poem, this goal has been achieved.
Modernist art is a deeper and more unique revelation of reality, life and self. It can also be a "weapon of criticism", such as Picasso's "guernica" to protest against fascist atrocities, and a dove of peace. In Dai Wangshu's modernist works in 1930s, his daily experiences were gloomy, such as My Memory. Or loneliness, such as "loneliness"; Or obscure poetry, such as night. However, when he wrote the general experience of China people and showed a strong sense of reality in "I Break My Palm", many people thought that his creative path had turned. From the above analysis, we can see that in this poem, the author still adopts the modernist lyrical way, and it is this lyrical way that makes the inner emotional exchange and singing between readers and the author, and between readers, thus making this work gain great and lasting artistic appeal.