"Four Books": Also known as the Four Books, it is the collective name of "The Analects", "Mencius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean". Zhu Xi, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, took two articles, "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "The Great Learning" from the "Book of Rites", and compiled them into separate books. Together with "The Analects" which records Confucius' words and deeds, and "Mencius" which records Meng Ke's words and deeds, they were combined into the "Four Books". The authors of the Four Books include Confucius' disciples and re-disciples, Kong Ji, Mencius, Cheng Zi, Zhu Xi, etc., and their compilation time spans 1,800 years. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" became official school textbooks and required reading for imperial examinations, which had a great impact on ancient education. It contains the core content of Confucian thought and is a concentrated expression of Confucian epistemology and methodology. It has had a profound impact on the history of Chinese thought. Reading it to this day, it still retains its profound educational significance and enlightenment value. It can be called the essence of culture with a long history. However, there are also limitations in the thoughts of our ancestors in the "Four Books".
"Shi Shuo": It is the work of Han Yu, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty. This article was written by Han Yu to his student Li Pan. "Teacher's Theory" is an essay explaining the important role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers, and the principles of selecting teachers. This article criticized the erroneous concept of "the scholar-bureaucrats" at that time who were ashamed to learn from teachers, and advocated the culture of learning from teachers. At the same time, it was also a public reply and serious refutation of those slanderers. The author shows that anyone can be his or her own teacher, and that no one should be discouraged from learning humbly because of their status or age difference. At the end of the article, the words and deeds of Confucius are used as evidence, stating that seeking teachers and respecting the Tao has been a practice since ancient times, and people of this era should not abandon the ancient Tao.
Zaju: It is a traditional Chinese art form that combines songs, dialogue and dance. It was first seen in the Tang Dynasty, and its meaning is similar to the "Baixi" in the Han Dynasty. It generally refers to various programs other than singing and dancing, such as acrobatics. "Za" means miscellaneous and many, and "bai" also describes many; "play" and "play" have similar meanings, but neither of them has the meaning of "drama" today. By the Song Dynasty, "Zaju" gradually became the specific name for a new form of performance; this new form can indeed be called "Zaju", including singing, dancing, music, joking, and acrobatics. It is divided into three sections: the first section It is called "Yan Duan", and the content of the performance is familiar things in daily life, which serves as an introduction to the formal part; the second part is the main part, probably performing stories, raps or dances; the third part is called San Duan, also called miscellany. , Zawang, skilled and harmonious, performing funny, teasing, or occasionally acrobatic. Each of the three paragraphs has one content and is incoherent.
Taige style poetry: a so-called "Taige style" poetry appeared in the literary world from the Yongle to Chenghua years of the Ming Dynasty. Taige mainly refers to the cabinet and Hanlin Academy at that time, also known as "Guange". Taige style refers to a style of literary creation represented by Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu, etc. (known as the "Three Yangs"), who were officials at the time. Yang Shiqi (1365-1444), whose given name was Yu and whose courtesy name was Shiqi, was from Taihe (now Taihe County, Jiangxi Province). He was a bachelor of Huagaidian University. Yang Rong (1371-1440), named Mianren, was a native of Jian'an (now Fujian). He was a bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion. Yang Pu (1372-1446), courtesy name Hongji, was born in Shishou and was a bachelor of Wuyingdian. : "Sanyang" were all important ministers of Taige at that time, so their poems are called "Taige style". Most of the Taige style poems are relatively poor in content and are mostly composed for production, inscriptions and gifts, and for social occasions. The themes are often "praising saintly virtues and singing about peace", and they pursue uprightness and elegance in art.