Wu Sunfu is a failed hero image of the national bourgeoisie in China. He has two characteristics: first, he is bold and confident. His ideal is to develop national industry, get rid of the shackles of imperialism and comprador class, and finally realize capitalism. Therefore, in the struggle against imperialist economic aggression, he showed a bold and confident character. In the battle with Zhao, he really showed his calmness, ability and headstrong. Shake pessimism. Under the heavy blow of the company's repeated failures, his vacillation and pessimism were exposed. When Wu Sunfu failed in the struggle with Zhao, his tragic fate reached a climax. Wu Sunfu's character fully shows the duality of the national bourgeoisie: on the one hand, he is dissatisfied with imperialism, comprador bourgeoisie and feudalism; On the other hand, they are extremely afraid and hostile to the workers and peasants movement and the revolutionary armed forces. On the one hand, they are dissatisfied with the corrupt system of the ruling class and the warlord melee; On the other hand, relying on reactionary forces to suppress the workers and peasants movement. Duality puts him in a very delicate crack, and at the same time determines the inevitable tragic ending of his fate. The national bourgeoisie has the possibility of anti-imperialist, anti-feudal and anti-bureaucratic warlord politics. However, due to various political and economic relations at that time, its counter-revolutionary side was exposed with the deepening of the revolution.
A grand and rigorous structure. Wu Sunfu is the axis of contradictions and conflicts, radiating all kinds of people and events. Several clues are scattered, among which the fighting between Wu and Zhao is the main line of the whole work, which drives the development of other clues and makes them integrate. The plot of the whole work is very compact, and there are many little people in the time span. At the intersection of latitude and longitude, a "network structure" of midnight is constructed.
Psychological description uses traditional portrait description, character language description and detail description to describe characters. The description of the characters' subconscious and hallucinations enhances the psychological analysis of the whole work. Use symbolism. All Mr. Wu's words and deeds always revolve around a general symbol.
"Camel Xiangzi" takes the whereabouts of rickshaw driver Xiangzi in Beiping, the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s and the bumpy and miserable life experience of rickshaw driver Xiangzi as the main plot, profoundly exposes the darkness of old China, accuses the ruling class of exploiting and oppressing laborers, expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people, and shows people the images of the poor citizens at the bottom of Beijing living in the abyss of pain under the warlord melee and dark rule. The ugliness of human nature is exposed here. To turn over and be the master, it is impossible to rely solely on personal struggle.
Xiangzi is a social tragedy with historical inevitability, spiritual tragedy, profound ideological imprint of individual workers, tragic personality and weak personality. Deeply rooted in civic culture, it has also been branded as a semi-colonial and deformed modern urban civilization.
Beijing is rich in flavor, with traditional customs and culture. The irony is characterized by popularity and humor, and the language has distinctive local characteristics.
Border town, the relationship between two groups and three people, the comparison between two groups, cultural tragedy
A typical rural cultural novel, a magician who combines documentary, fantasy and symbols in one furnace, with poetic effect and words.
"Home" describes the May 4th Movement, focusing on the eight or nine months from 1920 to 192 1 autumn, exposing the evils of feudal autocracy, tearing apart the intrigue of the extended family under the cover of warmth, exposing the debauchery and shamelessness of the so-called "poetry ceremony" feudal extended family, and also describing the new trend of thought.
(1) through the tragedies of three women, Mei, Ming-feng and Jui-chueh, accuse the feudal system and ethics of destroying young lives, and expose and accuse the evils of feudal families and systems; (2) Praise the awakening of the younger generation of democracy in feudal families and their anti-feudal struggle; (3) revealed the decay, decline and collapse of feudal families.
Father Gao is the representative of paternalism and feudal ethics. His main feature is autocracy. But he also has a kind, gentle and human side. (2) The dual nature of highly contradictory personality is unified in the life ideal of maintaining and developing feudal families with four generations living under one roof. (3) Mr. Gao is a representative of feudal paternalism in the period when the feudal system is about to collapse, and a typical figure in a typical environment.
Gao Juexin is the eldest son of Gao's family, and he is a "person with dual personality". On the one hand, he is a young man influenced by the May 4th New Culture Movement. On the other hand, he was also a landlord deeply influenced by feudal ethics. His character is kind and cowardly, and he thinks it is futile to resist. Therefore, in the May 4th new ideological trend, he chose the philosophy of non-resistance and bowing his head as the theoretical basis of his behavior. As far as dual personality is concerned, the latter is dominant. This is a complicated character, a tragic character.
Home is a realistic work with Ba Jin's style. Described the typical characters in the typical environment. However, Home is different from the calm and objective realistic description and has a strong lyrical color. The main way is to express feelings, but also through psychological description to pour out the hearts of characters and express feelings. Delicate psychological description full of emotion. This kind of psychological description is the heartfelt words of the characters, mostly women, so it is delicate and full of emotion, and it has its own characteristics because of everyone's personality.
Thunderstorm makes full use of the "three unifications". The eight-character story from two families happened in just one day, but it involved past grievances and feelings, and it was still chaotic. In the narrow stage, it not only highlights the contradiction between ethics and class, but also highlights the strong disharmony between individuals and the environment and the times, and completes the characterization in various fierce conflicts. In fact, tragedy has long been lurking in every line and every foreshadowing, and it only broke out at the last minute, turning into a downpour, which shocked everyone's soul extremely strongly. The script is characterized by gripping plot, concise and implicit language, distinctive characters and extremely rich subtext. Like a sharp sword, it glides slowly on the reader's heartstrings, and the lingering sound does not stop. Thunderstorm pays special attention to sound and color effects in the description of natural scenery and portraits, and does not hesitate to express it with strong colors. At the same time, pay attention to the exaggerated treatment of the voice, smell and eyes of the characters.
Yi Fan is the most distinctive and distinctive figure in Thunderstorm. She is a new female representative who pursues women's liberation and strives for independence and freedom since the May 4th Movement. She dares to love and hate, fearing that the Zhou family doesn't care. Of course, her resistance to the old system was manifested in a deformed way. Under heavy pressure, she is often helpless, inferior and even self-abused. This is a weakness that Fan Yi cannot get rid of. As the author said, she fell into "a cruel well". The author made great efforts to describe the inner world of this character. She felt unbearable for the vulgar and monotonous life of the Zhou family, tired of this gloomy atmosphere and mentally bound, and she demanded to get rid of all this. In a sense, she is also an insulted and hurt person. The script made her develop abnormally in an irresistible environment: love turned into hate and stubbornness turned into madness. Zhou Chong is a young man who grew up under the influence of new ideas and new culture. He is naturally full of fantasy and romance. However, his tenacity and lack of stubborn understanding of the feudal system doomed his tragic fate. Zhou Chong and Sifeng are the most unbearable victims in the whole play. They are the same pure and clear, so yearning for sweet love and full of enthusiasm for the future. Their bright eyes can't see the rough waves hidden in the darkness, they only outline the outline of happiness. When their childishness was broken in the face of cruel reality, the old clock had already rung. Sifeng fell in love with his drought-striken fields, but was involved in a storm. She is a young and energetic person, but a series of blows have made her fate bumpy and difficult. In fact, Zhou Chonghua is more innocent than Sifeng. It seems that he is just a child, without the maturity of his drought-striken fields and the sin of Zhou Puyuan. He has some thoughts that he should have at his age, simple and honest. Even when he knew that Sifeng was in love with his brother, he was not as jealous as Fan Yi, but he still had a persistent attitude towards Sifeng. After Sifeng rushed out, she did not hesitate to save her, which led to her electrocution. Despite the difficult situation, Lu Shiping persisted through the most difficult period of her life with her strong personality. It can be said that she is a tenacious woman. Shi Ping's silence made us dare not ignore fate in the same silence.
Sunrise is more mature in thought and art than Thunderstorm. It chose a luxury hotel and a third-class brothel as a contrasting scene. The former revolves around Chen Bailu, a social butterfly, and the bank managers, rich women, noodles and foreign professors gathered around her, leading a high-class life. The latter revolves around the fate of the prostitute Trish and a girl "little thing" sold to Baohe, revealing the infernal darkness on earth. He abandoned the "too drama-like" structure and "overuse" skill in Thunderstorm, and adopted a "cross-sectional description" suitable for the social form of "damage is not enough to serve more". Write "social realism" by means of "fragment method" and "color points into bright post-impressionist pictures"
Rain Lane is Dai Wangshu's famous work and early masterpiece, so he got the nickname "Rain Lane Poet". This poem was written in the summer of 1927. At that time, the whole country was in a state of white terror Because Dai Wangshu participated in progressive activities, he had to take refuge in a friend's house in Songjiang, chewing the disillusionment and pain after the failure of the Great Revolution in loneliness, and his heart was full of lost emotions and hazy hopes. The poem "Rain Lane" is an expression of his state of mind, which is intertwined with the dual emotional appeal of disappointment and hope, disillusionment and pursuit. This feeling was common at that time. Rain Lane adopts symbolic lyrical techniques. The narrow and gloomy rain lane in the poem, the lonely traveler wandering in the rain lane, and the girl as sad as lilac are all symbolic images. These images constitute a symbolic artistic conception, which implicitly implies the author's confusion, sadness and expectation, giving people a hazy and profound aesthetic feeling. Musicality is another outstanding artistic feature of Rain Lane. In the poem, repetition of sounds, repetition of sentences, repetition of singing and other techniques are used, resulting in the cycle of melody and pleasant sense of music. Therefore, Mr. Ye Shengtao praised this poem for opening a "new era" for the syllables of China's new poems. This poem is both true and illusory, which makes people stunned. "I" seems to be full of worries and infinite worries, but I don't want to make it clear or say it. "I" seems to be looking forward to something and pursuing something, but the goal of looking forward to and pursuing seems so distant and slim. "She" appeared, maybe it was an illusion, or it could be true, but "she" appeared so quickly and passed away so quickly, flashed by and disappeared in front of her eyes, "as sad and confused as a dream". "I" only feel sorry for myself and feel sorry for myself. The "girl" in the poem can be regarded as a real reference, a beautiful, noble and melancholy girl that the poet has been waiting for for a long time. But we can also regard this "girl" as a hazy ideal and pursuit in the poet's heart, which represents the poet's hazy vision for the future when his life is depressed. Dai Wangshu's poems have won the charm of graceful and restrained poetic style in China's classical poems, and influenced by the French symbolism poetry school, so his early poems generally show the characteristics of loneliness, melancholy and depression. This is the case in the rainy lane. This poem is about a scene in an alley in the south of the Yangtze River during the rainy season. In the drizzle, "I" walked alone in a long remote alley with a lonely and melancholy mood and a faint hope.
The common images in poetry are figurative images and descriptive images. In the poem Rain Lane, "Lilac" can be regarded as the poet's confused inner pursuit and a concrete image. This poem is almost full of descriptive images. It selects a large number of real details in daily life to form a picture, which is transformed into a narrative poem by the poet's affectionate pen and ink, giving people a strong sense of picture and emotional impact. For example, in the fourth quarter of the poem, the poet used eight parallel sentences in succession, each of which is a description of the daily life of Dayanhe, and concentrated on shaping the image of Dayanhe, a hardworking, kind, simple and poor rural woman. Ai Qing's poems have such characteristics in form, that is, to achieve harmony in unrestrained and restrained, to achieve consistency in unevenness and change, and to extract simple images from complex details. This poem fully embodies these characteristics. Formally, it does not stick to the shackles of appearance, and does not pay much attention to the uniformity of phonology or lines, but it also uses regular parallelism and repetition to create unity in change and harmony in irregularity.
A large number of poems poured out China's sufferings. In order to stimulate patriotism, they have a unique world of aesthetic images, a premonition of national rise, rich and vivid characteristics and intentions, and rich intentions. "Farmer's melancholy" and "tramp's mentality" are the main characteristics of his emotional world. Unique creative style: the organic unity of reality, idealism and modernity. Pursuing the unity of sensibility, that is, the synthesis of feeling, emotion, imagination and thinking (rationality). Free and unrestrained in form. The free pursuit of prose sentence patterns. The language is concise and clear.
Fortress Besieged begins with the metaphor of "besieged city", which vividly shows the dilemma of "besieged city" of human beings: constant pursuit and subsequent dissatisfaction and boredom with the success pursued, the contradiction and transformation between them, the interweaving of hope and disappointment, joy and pain, persistence and vacillation-all these constitute everything in life. The dilemma of Fortress Besieged tells us that the result of life pursuit is likely to be illusory and seemingly pessimistic, but it is a serious pursuit in the bones, and the enthusiasm is buried deep in calmness, just like Qian Zhongshu's life. He exposed the illusion of pursuing the ultimate ideal and goal, which may make the pursuit process no longer just a means, but make its own meaning recognized and recognized, and let us understand that the pursuit and hope are endless and will not fall into nothingness.
Fang Hung-chien is a passive, incompetent, unstable person who can't stand the temptation, and even more a loser. His failure is due to his lack of rationality, belief, enthusiasm and strength to face the cruel competition for survival and serious spiritual crisis in modern society, and also because he is not a despicable person, and he still has some self-knowledge. Sometimes he wants to maintain his dignity as a human being. It's embarrassing not to get up or down. Many scholars associate him with the image of "superfluous man" in Russian literature, but the tragedy of "superfluous man" lies in his awakening in thought and lack of courage and historical conditions in action, and the tragedy of "besieged man" lies in his mediocrity. "Redundant people" will give people an avant-garde and heroic sense of the times, while "besieged people", like us, are vainly looking for liberation or attachment as ordinary people. But Sun Roujia is more unique in the character pedigree of Fortress Besieged. This timid little girl, this little girl who doesn't seem to have any definite opinions, and the little girl entrusted by this innocent girl to Fang Hung-chien's care are the most scheming people. This gentle person, secretly feminine and tenacious, is like a sweet trap, but he controls his own marriage, life and destiny, as well as Fang Hung-chien's. This is a figure with China cultural connotation. The so-called "femininity" in China's Taoist culture and the so-called "Machiavellian" in China's political culture can be found in her.
The cultural satire in Fortress Besieged is more based on the historical platform of cultural conflict and collision between China and the West. One is to observe some disadvantages of China traditional culture with modern culture, such as the pedantry of Mr. Fang Lao, the father of Fang Hung-chien, and the thread-bound book China's handwriting is square, and foreigners' handwriting is smooth, so the land is round. The second is to mock the western culture mechanically, "just like the first tailor's suit copied in China, two patches were made on the old clothes of foreigners, which were placed on the sleeves and trousers", such as Cao Yuanlang's imitation of the poem "Food and Companion" in Love and Evil (Eliot) and The Waste Land, and Yang Jingbin by comprador Zhang. The third is to explore the absurdity in absorbing western civilization and western culture. For example, in his speech at his hometown middle school, Fang Hung-chien said, "For hundreds of years, only two Western things have survived in China society. One is opium, and the other is syphilis, both of which are western civilizations absorbed by the Ming Dynasty. Another example is the tutorial system of San Lv University. The satire in Fortress Besieged is more based on the anatomy of human nature.