Introduction to the scenery of Changbai Mountain
Changbai Mountain is the first mountain in Guandong in my country, which is as famous as the Five Mountains. It is famous for its beautiful reputation and charming scenery. It is named after its main peak, Mount Baektou, which is rich in white pumice and snow. , known as "thousands of years of snow into annual pine trees, straight up to the highest peak in the world". The main peak is 2,749 meters above sea level, and there are 16 peaks above 2,500 meters above sea level, with a total area of ??more than 8,000 square kilometers. It is known as the "three-dimensional resource treasure house". Among the rich natural landscapes in Changbai Mountain, Tianchi is the most graceful, magnificent and mysterious. Changbai Mountain Tianchi at an altitude of 2189 meters is the highest, deepest and largest crater lake in my country, with a total water storage capacity of 2 billion cubic meters, a water surface area of ??9.8 square kilometers, an average water depth of 204 meters, and a maximum depth of 373 meters. The water of Tianchi is clear and green all year round, and looks like a flat mirror when viewed from the air. Due to the high altitude, the water temperature in Tianchi is only 0.7 degrees Celsius to 11 degrees Celsius.
Changbai Mountain is a dormant volcano. Due to its unique geographical structure, its landscape is also beautiful and charming. There are more than 30 landscapes, all of which are beautiful and attractive. It is famous at home and abroad. Climbing to the top of the peaks can be said to be "seeing all the mountains at a glance" "Small", eye-opening and breathtaking! Due to the influence of vertical changes in mountain topography, Changbai Mountain forms four landscape zones from the temperate zone to the frigid zone from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. This natural and colorful vertical landscape zone is rare in the world. "One mountain has Four seasons, ten miles apart."
Changbai Mountain is also a large natural museum, a storehouse of rare biological resources, a rich source of the Three Treasures of Guandong: ginseng, mink skin, and deer antlers. It is a primitive ecological reserve that is rarely damaged by humans on the earth. It is not only listed as a national key protected area, but also included in the UNESCO World Biosphere Nature Conservation Network.
Introduction to Changbai Mountain
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Changbai Mountain introduces the holy land on earth, Changbai in the sky!
Changbai Mountain is located in the southeast of Jilin Province, between 100°10'~100°20' east longitude and 40°10'~100°20' north latitude. zone. It is the boundary mountain between China and North Korea. It is the source of Tumen, Yalu and Songhua rivers and a national AAAA-level scenic spot. Famous for its beautiful scenery at home and abroad, the endless forest sea, and the rare birds and animals that inhabit it, it was included in the United Nations International Biosphere Reserve in 1980.
Changbai Mountain is a dormant volcano with several eruptions in history. The unique landforms formed as a result are magical, beautiful, majestic, pristine and natural, with infinite scenery! Everyone in the future longs for it, and everyone in the past lingers. In the summer of 1983, Comrade Deng Xiaoping climbed to the top of Changbai Mountain, inscribed the banners "Changbai Mountain" and "Tianchi", and exclaimed: "It would be a great pity not to go to Changbai Mountain in life!"
In the past hundreds of millions of years, In the geological history of China, the Changbai Mountain area has experienced the changes of Canghai and Mulberry Fields. Initially, it was flooded by sea water. There is a vast ocean everywhere. Later, due to the rise of the earth's crust, the sea water withdrew and the surface resurfaced. Under the action of external forces such as sunlight, rain, and climate change, the rocks on the ground were weathered and destroyed. Finally, Changbai Mountain also experienced volcanic eruptions and glaciers. , forming today’s landscape.
About 30 million years ago, during the Tertiary Period, the earth entered a new period of activity, known in geology as the Himalayan Orogeny. In about 25 million years, the Changbai Mountain area experienced four volcanic eruptions. Basalt magma started from the upper mantle, continued to rise along the huge cracks in the crust, and erupted to the surface with huge energy (known in geology as fissure volcanic eruption). The magma with strong impact sprays the original rocks and pre-solidified rock blocks in the magma, volcanic ash, water vapor, etc. into the air, and then falls to the periphery or one side of the crater under the action of gravity and wind, and accumulates into various forms. A volcanic landform. Because the viscosity of basalt magma is small, it flows quickly on the surface and flows over a long distance, so a broad basalt platform is formed. The bases of the main peaks of the Changbai Mountains such as the Nangang Mountains, Changhong Ridge and Yingbi Mountain, which are distributed along the northwest direction in the Changbai Mountains, are all basalt platforms formed during this period.
During the period from about 600,000 to 15 million years ago (mid-Quaternary to late Pleistocene), the Changbai Mountains experienced another period of crustal activity, geologically called the Paektusan Period. Four volcanic eruptions occurred during this period. The eruption pattern was characterized by a central type. The underground magma surged up along the cylindrical channel formed at the intersection of deep faults, forming a volcanic cone landscape on the surface.
The ejecta formed by the first volcanic eruption about 600,000 years ago formed the floor of the Changbai Mountain volcanic cone; the second volcanic eruption occurred about 400,000-300,000 years ago. This eruption It lasted for a long time, and the rock formations were widely distributed and thick; the third volcanic eruption was about 200,000-100,000 years ago, and finally completed the Changbai Mountain volcanic cone shape; the fourth eruption was about 80,000 years ago, Mainly small-scale volcanic activity, lava flows cover some parts of the volcanic cone. At this point, the main peak of Changbai Mountain was formed.
In the above four volcanic activities, the volcanic material ejected each time increased the height of the volcano by more than 200 meters. At the same time, some small parasitic craters were formed around the main crater. Since then, Changbai Mountain has entered a period of relative stability.
In 11,000-15,000 years ago (during the Holocene of the Quaternary Period), the volcano resurrected again and ejected a large amount of gray-white-light yellow pumice, with a thickness of up to 60 meters in some places. This violent volcanic eruption caused the top of the volcanic cone to collapse and form a funnel-shaped crater. When the intensity of a volcanic eruption and the temperature of the lava gradually decrease, the magma gradually condenses in the volcanic channels and blocks the volcanic channels. After the volcanism ceased, the crater received continuous recharge from atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, gradually accumulating water into a lake, forming a crater lake. This is the famous Changbai Mountain Tianchi.
A group of peaks stand tall around the Changbai Mountain Crater Lake, including 16 peaks over 2,500 meters high, and the other peaks are all over 2,300 meters high. The top of the mountain is almost entirely composed of volcanic ash and light yellow pumice erupted around 12,000 years ago. The peaks are steep and craggy, tall and graceful, like lotus flowers and bamboo shoots. They are very spectacular. They complement each other with the clear water of Tianchi and are so beautiful.
After the main body of Changbai Mountain was formed, the area entered an intermittent period of volcanic eruptions, and the crustal movement was relatively stable. However, in the long history of geology (the earth was formed at least 4.6 billion years ago, and the crustal evolution of the Changbai Mountains also took place for about 3.2 billion years), the geological evolution history of the Changbai Mountains is only a short moment. The history of the Changbai Mountain volcano eruption is even shorter, but it is not dead yet, but is in a dormant state, called a dormant volcano. According to historical records, since 1597, the Changbai Mountain volcano has had three small-scale intermittent activities.
The first eruption was on August 26, 1597 (the twenty-fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty). According to eyewitness records, there was "the sound of cannons being fired, and when you looked up, you could see the smoke rising into the sky. It was as big as several arms of rocks. It folded out with the smoke and flew over the mountains without knowing where it went."
The second eruption was in 1668 (the seventh year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty). There was a "rain of ash" (i.e. volcanic ash) in the Changbai Mountain area.
The third eruption was on April 14, 1702 (the eleventh year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty). According to historical records: "At noon, the sky and the earth suddenly dim, sometimes red and yellow, with smoke and flames, and the room is full of fishy stench. If it is in the oven, people cannot bear the heat. After the fourth watch, it disappears, and when you look at it, you will Rain and ash fell all over the fields, just like burning clam shells." "On the same day of the same month, a little later, smoke and clouds suddenly came from the northwest, the ground was dark, and the fishy stench hit people's clothes." According to the "Changbai Mountain Jianggang Zhilue", there is a "charcoal cliff" near Changbai Mountain. "There is a lot of charcoal at the bottom of the cliff. Hunters pick it up for cooking. The natives call it sacred charcoal because it comes from the ground. ．．．I picked up several pieces and burned them for roasting deer breasts, which are no different from ordinary charcoal. However, the two-foot-deep earth cliff can produce charcoal. Grip." Geologists have verified that the charcoal is the result of the high-temperature lava baking and burning the trees during this volcanic eruption.
The Changbai Mountain volcano is currently in a dormant period. On a mountain more than 2,000 meters above sea level, there are many hot springs constantly overflowing from the ground, which shows that there is still huge energy in the ground. According to modern seismic observations, the crust in the Changbai Mountains is relatively stable. There are currently no signs of volcanic eruption in Changbai Mountain.
Changbai Mountain has a history of language and writing that can be traced back to just over 4,000 years ago. It was recorded in my country's earliest geography work, "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". This book is said to have been written by Boyi, the son of Dayu, and records in detail the places his father, King Yu, passed when he was controlling floods.
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2006-11-15, 23:11 Default font size 9pt 10pt 11pt 12pt 13pt 14pt 15pt 16pt 17pt 18pt 20pt 25pt 30pt 35pt 40pt 45pt 50pt 60pt 70pt 80pt 90pt 100pt #2
sunfish
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Buxian means immortal in Mongolian. People living in the Northeast Ethnic minorities - Shenshen, Woju, Fuyu, Xianbei, Goguryeo, Mongolia, Khitan, etc. all admire and deify this largest mountain in Northeast China. Many myths about the infertility of goddesses are pinned here. , therefore, this mountain is called Fairy Mountain.
The pre-Qin book "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", which recorded the scenic spots inside and outside the region, also called Changbai Mountain Buxian Mountain (i.e. the Immortal Mountain).
After that, "The Book of Mountains and Seas" written in the Wei and Jin Dynasties There is a record in "Shu Dongyi Biography": "In the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhao (82 BC), Xuan Tu moved to Gouli. From the east of Shandan Daling, all Woju Tu belonged to Lelang." This sentence is It is said that after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Korea, his son Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty moved the Xuantu people to Goguryeo in the fifth year of the First Yuan Dynasty (82 BC). All the Huiqin tribe belong to Lelang. The word "shandan" here is similar to Shanyan in Manchu. Shanyan means white; Shanyan Daling means white mountain.
Later, it was recorded in the "Biography of Northern History - Wu Ji": "To the south of Mohe River, there is a man who climbs Taishan Mountain. He is the emperor of Huayan. The common people are very respectful of him. People are not allowed to wet the mountains. Those who walk on the path are filled with clouds. If there are bears, leopards, and wolves, they will not harm anyone, and no one dares to kill them. They are the same ethnic group as the Sushen, Jurchen, and Manchu people, but they live farther north. This passage says that there is a big mountain in the southern border of Mohe Kingdom, which refers to Changbai Mountain. In other books of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (such as "Book of Wei", "Book of Qi", etc.), the terms "Zong Taishan" and "Zong Baishan" often appear. Later, relevant records can be seen in "Book of Tang - Biographies of Dongyi": "Mohe lived in Sushen, and the Limo tribe reached Taibai Mountain in the south, which is also said to have moved to Taishan to connect with Gaoli." It can be seen that at that time, the The names of Changbai Mountain are very inconsistent. Some are called Zongtai Mountain, and some are called Yitai Mountain, Zongbai Mountain, and Taihuang Mountain.
It was not until the Khitan and Jurchen tribes in the Northeast settled in the Central Plains and established the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty that the first high mountain in the Northeast was given a standardized name - Changbai Mountain. It is recorded in the "Khitan Chronicles" that "Changbai Mountain is more than a thousand miles southeast of Lengshan... all animals are white." Later, it was recorded in "History of the Jin Dynasty. Thirty-Fiveth Anniversary" that "there is Changbai Mountain in the Jurchen Land" . ”
It should be pointed out in particular that the Jurchen tribe who established the Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains has always regarded Changbai Mountain as their birthplace, and often worshiped at the top of Changbai Mountain in order to bless their country's prosperity and the longevity of their emperor. extension. Not long after Jin Shizong Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, in the twelfth year of Dading (AD 1172), he conferred the title of King Lingying of Xingguo on Changbai Mountain and appointed famous literati at that time. Dang Huaiying of the Hanlin Academy compiled the "Book of Conferring Changbai Mountain as the King of Lingying", in which he tried his best to deify Changbai Mountain and said: "Since the analysis of the two rituals, the mountains and mountains are beautiful in their own way. The country will be prosperous, and it will be made by heaven." It is necessary to worship the gods of Yue. Therefore, there is a trace of Qiyang, looking at the mountains and rivers. It is only Changbai, carrying my golden virtue, and looking up to it, it is my old self. The town of Bang..."
In the article, Changbai Mountain is called the sacred mountain Xiuyue, and the highest praises such as "carrying my golden virtue" and "looking up to its height" are used to describe it, which shows that this The admiration and respect of a famous mountain outside the Great Wall. Therefore, in the fifteenth year of Dading (AD 1175), the emperor built the Temple of King Lingying in the north of Changbai Mountain, and ordered ministers to prepare rituals and bring this "Book of Documents" to pay homage.
In the Qing Dynasty, the admiration for Changbai Mountain reached its peak. Not only did they hire Yan scholars to fabricate the myth that a fairy swallowed red fruit and gave birth to the ancestor of Aisin Gioro; The Changbai Mountain area was closed as a holy land, and people were prohibited from entering the mountains to graze, hunt and collect ginseng. Several accomplished emperors in the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing, all personally came to the Northeast to pay homage to the birthplace of their ancestors - Changbai Mountain. Although they did not go to the Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain to pay homage to the birthplace of their ancestors, some of them have gone to surrounding areas (large and small shipyards in Jilin City, Weishan Fort in Kaiyuan County, etc.). Moreover, he also wrote a large number of poems praising and commemorating Changbai Mountain. Kangxi has the poem "Looking at the Changbai Mountain" and "The Essay on the Thousand Changbai Mountains" (two articles), Qianlong has five "Essays on the Changbai Mountain", and Jiaqing has two "Essays on the Changbai Mountains", all of which are vivid and colorful. Breathtaking.
Kangxi's "Comment on Changbai Mountain" said: "Only the gods and heroes stand in the east, maintaining cooperation and supporting the prosperity of the scenery. The rivers and seas are dredged, and the auspiciousness and auspiciousness are condensed. The supernatural power lasts for thousands of years, and the Pufan nourishes the common people. kind". "I believe that when the country is ordered to unite, the gods of the mountains and rivers will not cooperate with each other. To trace the traces of rise and fall, and to promote the auspiciousness of fortune, it is especially suitable to mark the beginning of the year and the Ming Dynasty, and to mark the birth of the day. The top of the mountain is made from the sky, and the shape is in the song. Its origin is old. However, it is a beautiful place in the eastern border, with abundant lakes and rivers. It spreads across an area of ????three rivers and spreads clouds and rain. "Beijing." The memorial article written by Qianlong said: "In the early Qing Dynasty, it was located in Changbai Mountain. It was not clear that it was not effective. The three rivers of Yalu, Hutong and Aihu came out. Yan. The emperor used his daughter Tianmei to give birth to a holy son. The emperor used Xi to name him Jueluo, and named him Aixin. Huifa, Jiefan...
Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Jianfeng of Antu County reported to the court and said: "Changbai Mountain is the birthplace of our dynasty. A born saint will level the area." In the year of Wansi", he therefore proposed to go up the mountain to rebuild the temple to worship the God of Changbai Mountain. With the approval of the imperial court, the magistrate organized four mountaineering inspections and took more than 40 photos of Changbai Mountain's scenic spots. After returning, he compiled a photo album called "Changbai Mountain Miracles" and presented it to the imperial court.
From the Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, literati wrote many poems and essays on Changbai Mountain, too numerous to mention. Excellent works, well-known among people. Now we only list a few representative works from each dynasty and each generation for the readers' pleasure.
The largest scholar in the mid-Jin Dynasty, Zhao Bingwen (1159--1233, courtesy name Zhou Chen), was a Jinshi in the twenty-fifth year of Dading of the Jin Dynasty (AD 1185), and became a minister of the Ministry of Rites. In his later years, he retired to his hometown of Ci County, Hebei Province. Because his family had a hall named Xianxiantang, he called himself Xianxian Old Man. He once wrote a long poem called "A Trip to Changbai Mountain" that was famous for his time: "Changbai Mountain is majestic in the sky and at the North Pole, and fairies in white clothes often appear. The king dragon's hanging claws fell on the cliff. , the sky is white and the horses are crossing the river. The clouds are rising and the princes are thousands of people. The Qing Dynasty is racing with horses and mink hats in the spring breeze. How heroic is Wuling? Erratic. The year before last, when I was riding in the north, I saw that the Great Wall was like cutting iron. The brothers of the whole family had hundreds of thousands of weapons and halberds in their hearts. Everyone in the Han Dynasty knew that it would not be easy for them to die. It is useless to be greedy for merit. In the southwest, there is no need for you to make up for the loss before the emperor comes. The three assistants are half thorns, and the thin wife is pulling the rake and the girl is supporting the plow, for fear that the army will be short of food. The devastation has not yet recovered, and I am willing to stop the army and support the people. The old man is a scholar in the spring, and he has returned to the temple after his success.
The poets of the Yuan Dynasty. Wang Jie (also known as Yi Bo, a native of Dingxing, Hebei Province, a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy during the reign of Emperor Shun, and a bachelor of Zhongshu Zuocheng), in his long poem "The Gao Jie Women of Liaodong", also focused on Describes Changbai Mountain: "The sky is white in the east, close to Peng Ying, and the ethereal immortal jade is clear with snow. The phoenix has gone and the sound of the purple flute has died down, and Qingluan alone steps onto Yaojing. "In the poem, Changbai Mountain is compared to the fairy mountains Penglai and Yingzhou on the sea. It is said that immortals in white clothes with jade and pure ice often haunt the mountain. This is consistent with the myths and legends about Changbai Mountain in the past dynasties.
Historically, Changbai Mountain Tianchi It has always been in China, and there is evidence in the historical materials of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Even during the Japanese rule of Korea, Tianchi was also in the territory of China during the Sino-Korean honeymoon period after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Because of the proletarian sentiments, the Chinese government officially transferred about 53% of Tianchi to North Korea.
Today, Changbai Mountain has become a tourist and leisure resort, and tourists from all over the world gather here and linger here. "The best in the world". Compared with Changbai Mountain, Guilin's landscape is too delicate. People say "Don't look at the mountains after returning from the Five Sacred Mountains." Compared with Changbai Mountain, the Five Sacred Mountains are not grand enough.
Seeing is worth hearing a hundred times, so come and witness the charming style of Changbai Mountain for yourself!
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