Du shenyan
Lamenting the past in the garden, the sight of birds singing in spring triggered my sadness at the border.
I pity those who fled south from Beijing alone. I envy the water of Xiangjiang River, but you went to the north!
be filled/suffused/brimming with
Du was exiled to Fengzhou, a very remote place in the south. This poem was written during his exile.
Sunset: the sun in spring.
Xiangjiang River: Located in Hunan, it flows into Dongting Lake from south to north.
1 Evening: Spring. The Book of Songs in July: "Spring is late and colorful."
② Sorrow: The author revisited his old place and felt sad because he was exiled again.
(3) Border worries: worries caused by exile in remote areas.
④ Guo Jing: refers to Chang 'an.
(1) What is the feeling expressed in this poem?
A: This poem expresses the sadness of being demoted.
(2) What are the characteristics of this poem in writing techniques?
A: Contrast is used throughout this poem. There are three groups of contrasts in the poem: the first sentence compares the sadness of being relegated today with the joy of spring outing in the past; The second sentence compares sadness with the beauty of flowers and birds; Three or four sentences, with the northward flow of Xiangjiang River water, set off their southward movement.
3. Some people say that "I feel sorry for Beijingers who fled south alone" is the key to the whole poem. Do you agree with this statement? Please provide a justification for the answer. (5 points)
Agreed. Structurally, this sentence plays a connecting role (turning point). (2 points) In the first two sentences, I feel sad when I swim, and I feel sad when I see flowers and birds. In the next sentence, I lamented that the reason why the river flows north is because the poet is far from Beijing and is on his way south. The upper and lower sentences are all around this sentence, which gave birth to this sentence. (3 points)
Disagree. The theme of the whole poem is "frontier fortress sorrow" (the sorrow of being demoted to frontier fortress), and (2 points) this sentence only explains the cause of "frontier fortress sorrow", and the key sentence is "flowers and birds are doing this spring". (3 points)
4. Du Fu has a poem "Where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their grief" ("Spring Hope"), and in terms of expression, there is a sentence in this poem that is the same. Please point it out and make a simple compliment. (6 points)
A: "Flowers and birds are worried this spring." (2 points, no answer) The birds and flowers in spring were originally pleasing to the eye, but because the author fled south, it became "the worry of the border". (2 points for correct explanation) The poet uses "flowers and birds" to set off "border sorrow", which shows the seriousness of inner sadness. (3 points) (Answer "write sadness with joy", "control scenery with emotion", "express feelings with scenery" and "blend scenes". ) (No technique, give 1-2 a reasonable explanation, and the explanation must be combined with the previous technique, that is, what technique should be used to explain what)
Throughout this poem, the art of contrast is used. Please analyze and explain the specific content of the poem. (5 points)
A: The first two sentences of the poem are the comparison between the past and the present, the comparison between sorrow and music, the comparison between this spring, the comparison between visiting the garden and the comparison between sorrow and music; The last two sentences of the poem are the contrast between people and things, the contrast between the south and the north, the contrast between Beijing and the countryside, the loss of Xiangjiang River and the contrast between Sri Lanka and the north.
(6) There are three or four sentences in the poem that show the "southward migration" of people and the "northward migration" of water respectively. What kind of emotional factors does this comparative description highlight? (5 points)
A: On the way to relegation, the poet was in the spring, flowers and birds welcomed guests, and when he saw the river rushing in the direction opposite to his marching direction, he couldn't help but think of his past travels and thoughts of Beijing, and expressed his sad mood of being far away from Beijing and the injustice and melancholy he encountered in his official career.
(7) The following explanation and appreciation of this poem are incorrect (3 points).
A in the first sentence, the poet visited a garden in spring and recalled its desolation and ruins in autumn, which made him feel sad.
B. The second sentence describes the beauty of birds and flowers on the way south, and also conveys the sadness that the poet is about to cross the river to the border.
C. The third sentence is a link between the preceding and the following. It is precisely because of the "Beijingers fled south" that I was sad when I traveled in the past, and I was sad when I saw flowers and birds, and I felt that the Xiangjiang River was flowing north.
D at the end of the sentence, the author uses "Xiangjiang River flows north" to explain the title of the poem, and also uses "unlike" to express his helplessness.
A: There is no basis for "recalling the desolation and ruin of autumn". It's getting late and the scenery is still prosperous, but people's situation has become exile to the border. This sentence traces from today's "sadness" to the past "happiness".
(8) How does the author express "sadness" and "sorrow" in the poem? Please briefly analyze the first two sentences of this poem. (5 points)
A: (Past and present, truth and imagination, past and future) Contrast and contrast. (Just clarify one aspect)
The first sentence is about the joy of going to the garden last spring. In contrast, it makes people feel "sad" about the current exile situation. The second sentence is about the splendid spring scenery, birds singing and flowers singing, which makes people relaxed and happy, just reflecting the "sadness" on the way to exile.
(That's right)
(Technique, 2 points. Brief analysis, 3 points: reasonable explanation of the two poems, each 1 point; Overall language expression 1 min)
translate
I lamented the scene of playing in the garden in the past. The flowers and birds in this spring triggered my sadness in the frontier.
I love Beijing alone, but I want to flee to the south. I really envy the water in Xiangjiang River, but you flow to the north!
Make an appreciative comment
Du has been demoted twice, and now he is demoted to Fengzhou, a very remote place in the south. This poem is believed to have been written by him during his exile. When he crossed the Xiangjiang River to the south, it was already spring, birds and flowers were singing, welcoming people. When he saw the river surging and flowing in the opposite direction to his journey, he couldn't help but think of his past trip, miss Beijing and feel sad and disappointed. This is an impromptu lyric work.
The first sentence of the poem, "I'm sorry that my past trip in the garden was later in the day", is to recall my past spring outing because of the spring scenery in front of me. At that time, spring was late, and the gardens were embroidered with beautiful scenery, which should be refreshing. However, here, the word "sadness" is used when tracing the "journey of the past". This kind of sorrow is today's sorrow, and it is a joy that dates back to the past from today's sorrow; On the other hand, it can be said that it is because of the thought of the amusement at that time that the present situation is even more tragic. Wu Qiao said in "Poems Around the Furnace": "Emotions can be moved from one place to another, and places can also feel the same." This poem is to touch the past with the present mood and inject the sad mood of today into the happy scenery of the past.
The second sentence of this poem, "Flowers and birds are worried about this spring", is written from the memory of the past travel of this spring. On the whole, birds and flowers are a happy scene; However, these scenes remind the poet that he is on his way to exile in the frontier. Birds singing and flowers smelling only constitute the sadness of the poet's going to the frontier. This poem is based on the feelings in my heart to move the scene in front of me. Poets write landscapes because of emotions, so landscapes move with emotions. As far as artistic techniques are concerned, the contrast between Flowers and Birds and Bian Sorrow is to set off Bian Sorrow from the opposite side. Similar to Du Fu's poems, there is also a couplet in Du Fu's "Spring Hope", which says "Where you cry, the lonely bird sings sadly". Sima Guang's "Continued Poem" comments on this couplet: "Flowers and birds can be entertained at ordinary times, but they will cry when they see them, and they will know when they smell them." Here, the feelings of "feeling of time" and "hating farewell" with flowers and birds as entertainment objects are also written by contrast. Du Shenyan is Du Fu's grandfather and has a direct influence on Du Fu. The connection between "tears in flowers" and "birds are surprised" may come from the sentence "flowers and birds are worried about the situation"
The third sentence of the poem, "I feel sorry for Beijingers who fled south alone", is the center of the whole poem and plays a connecting role. The first two sentences, recalling the past and feeling sad, watching flowers and birds become sad, and the second sentence laments the flow in the north of the river, all because the poet is far away in Beijing and is on his way south. The upper and lower sentences are all around this sentence, which comes from this sentence. But this sentence has not been to the topic of Xiangjiang River. The last sentence "unlike the Xiangjiang River flowing north" only mentions the Xiangjiang River, breaking the title of the poem, while "water flowing north" is used to set off "people fleeing south" and also to strengthen the central content of the poem.
Contrast and contrast are used throughout this poem. The first two sentences of the poem are the comparison between the present and the past, the comparison between sadness and joy, the comparison between the past and spring, and the comparison between visiting the park and sorrow; The last two sentences of the poem are the contrast between people and things, the contrast between the south and the north, the contrast between Beijing and the countryside, the loss of Xiangjiang River and the contrast between Sri Lanka and the north. This is a poem with artistic characteristics, especially in the early Tang Dynasty, when the seven-character quatrains were just finalized and began to mature. Hu Yinglin said in "Internal Poems" that the "Four Wonders in Early Tang Dynasty" changed from Liang to Chen at the beginning, and the melody was not harmonious, but the rhyme was still lacking. Du Fu's two poems "Crossing Xiangjiang River" and "Gift" are good, but their works are natural and have amazing charm. Of the two poems quoted by Hu, Crossing the Xiangjiang River is preferable.