Appreciation of Li Bai's "Jianjinjiu"
"Jianjinjiu" was originally a melody of a Han Dynasty Yuefu short flute and cymbal song. The title means "a song to encourage drinking", so the ancient poem has "I'm going to drink wine and take a ride on Dabai," it says. The author's famous poem "Fill it in to express his own intention" (Xiao Shi's "Classification Supplementary Notes on Li Taibai's Poems") was written about the eleventh year of Tianbao (752). At that time, he and his friend Cen Xun were in Songshan with another good friend Yuan Danqiu's Yingyang Mountain Residence was a guest, and the three of them had a high-altitude banquet ("Reward Cen Xun Jianxunjiu Yuan Danqiu treated each other with wine and poems": "Not thousands of miles away, fate comes to greet each other. In the middle of the Yuan Dynasty" In Danqiu, I went to the mountains to feast on the green night. I suddenly thought about me while drinking, and I roared in the clear air." There is no better pleasure in life than drinking with friends, and the author was at a time when he was "embracing talents for the world but not meeting them" (Xiao Shi), so he was full of poetry that was inappropriate to use wine to express his feelings vividly.
The beginning of the poem is two sets of long parallel sentences, as if the wind and sea rain are rushing towards the reader. "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns." Yingyang is not far from the Yellow River. You can climb up and take a closer look, so you can use it to get excited. The Yellow River has a long origin and a huge drop. It is like falling from the sky, flowing thousands of miles, and heading east to the sea. Such a majestic wave scene cannot be captured by the naked eye. The author wants to fall into the sky and "find it by his own way", and his words are exaggerated. The first sentence says that the coming of the great river is irresistible; the second sentence writes that the great river is going and irreversible. It rises and subsides, creating a reciprocating chanting flavor that cannot be found in short single sentences (such as "The Yellow River falls to the sky and walks to the East China Sea"). Immediately afterwards, "Don't you see, the bright mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like blue silk and turns to snow at dusk." If the first two sentences are an exaggeration of the spatial category, these two sentences are an exaggeration of the time category. Lamenting that life is short, he does not bluntly say that he hurts his boss, but says that "the mirror in the high hall is sad and has white hair." It is like a painting of scratching one's head and looking at the shadow, saying nothing. The whole process of life from youth to aging is described as a matter of "morning" and "twilight", and the originally short-lived things are said to be more short-lived, which is "reverse" to the first two sentences, which said that the originally magnificent things are even more magnificent. exaggerate. Therefore, the long parallel sentences at the beginning of the chapter have both metaphorical meaning - using the river water to never return to symbolize the perishability of life, and also a contrasting effect - using the great and eternal nature of the Yellow River to contrast the small and fragile nature of life. This beginning can be described as extremely sad, but not delicate. It can be said to be a giant-like sentimentality, with thrilling artistic power. It is also caused by the sense of momentum at the beginning of the long sentence parallelism. This opening method is commonly used by authors, such as "Those who abandon me will not be able to stay yesterday; those who mess up my heart will be troubled today" ("Xuanzhou Xieloujie Farewell School Secretary Shu Yun"), Shen Deqian said: " This kind of style comes from Taibai's heart", which shows that he is quite creative. This poem contains two cries of "I don't see you" (generally Yuefu poems only occasionally use it at the beginning or end of the chapter), which greatly enhances the emotional color of the poem. There is a so-called opening and closing in poetry, and this can be said to be a great opening.
"Heaven and earth are the reverse journey of all things; time is the passer-by of hundreds of generations" ("Spring Night Banquet from Di Peach and Plum Garden Preface"). Although sadness is unavoidable, pessimism is not part of Li Bai's nature. Nearby. In his view, as long as "life is successful", there will be no regrets and one should indulge in joy. The fifth and sixth sentences are a reversal, from "sadness" to "joy" or "joy". From then until "the cup never stops", the poetry gradually became wilder. "When you are in your prime, you don't have time to worry about it. You can drink fine wine and climb high buildings" ("Liang Yuan Yin"). You can't have fun without wine, so that's the theme. However, the sentence does not directly describe the contents of the cup, but uses the image language of "golden bottle" and "facing the moon", which is not only vivid, but also makes drinking poetic. The double negative sentence pattern of "" and "empty" is used instead of direct statement, and the tone is more emphatic. "To be happy in life, you must have all the fun." This seems to promote the idea of ????carpe diem, but it is just a phenomenon. Has the poet ever been "proud"? "The phoenix first issued the edict of purple mud, paid homage to the emperor, called the wine cup, and ascended to the imperial banquet" ("Yin of the Jade Pot") - it seemed that he had been proud; however, it was just an illusion, "playing the sword, composing songs and playing hard "The sound, the dragging train of the king's family is unappreciative" - ??and it seems that there is no pride, but disappointment and indignation. But are you depressed? No. The poet then affirmed life and himself in an optimistic and strong tone: "I am born with talents that will be useful." This is an amazing sentence. "Useful" and "must" are so confident! It's like a declaration of human value, and this person - "I" - must be capitalized. Here, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, a positive essence hidden deep in it is revealed, which is a kind of unrecognized talent and a desire to use the world. It is precisely "there will be times when there are long winds and waves." Why not drink and sing for such a future? What does it mean to spend money - "You will come back after all the money you have spent!" This is another astonishing sentence with a high degree of confidence. It can drive money without being controlled by money, which is really enough to make all ordinary people speechless. The poem is like the person. I think the poet "traveled to Weiyang in the past, less than a year, and scattered more than 300,000 yuan in gold" ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture"), what a heroic feat it was. Therefore, the heroic sentiments deep in the bones of this sentence are by no means a mere pretense. In line with this style, the author describes a grand feast. It is by no means "one dish or two dishes of food? One pot or two pots of wine?" but "cooking the sheep and slaughtering the cows". ", and will never give up until he drinks "three hundred cups". What a joyful feast, and what a heroic poem!
At this point, the wild feeling reaches its climax, and the melody of the poem speeds up.
The poet's dazzling drunken state vividly appeared on the page, making people feel as if they could hear him shouting to persuade him to drink: "Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, is about to drink, and don't stop drinking!" Several short sentences were suddenly added, which not only enriched the rhythm of the poem, Changes, and write to force Xiao Xi to speak out. Not only did he meet his best friend in life, but he also met his rival in wine. Not only did he "forget you," the poet even forgot that he was writing poetry. The poems he wrote seemed to be restored to life. He also wanted to "sing a song with you and ask you to pour your heart out for me." Listen with your ears.” The following eight lines are the song of the poem. This idea is strange and strange, and it is purely a stroke of genius.
"Bells, drums, food and jade" means a wealthy life (rich people ring bells and tripods when eating, and the food is as exquisite as jade), but the poet thought it was "not expensive enough" and said, "I hope I will never get drunk again." Awake". At this point in the poem, it is clear that the mood has turned from wild to angry. This is not only drunken spouting arrogance, but also drunken spouting the truth. Because "I" was born with useful talents, I should have been the prime minister and prosperous, but "the road is like the blue sky, and I alone cannot reach it" ("The Road Is Difficult"). To say that wealth is "not noble enough" is out of indignation. The following two sentences, "All the sages in ancient times were lonely" are also angry words. The poet once lamented, "Who is allowed to care about Ge Jing?" Therefore, when he said that the ancients were "lonely", he also showed his own "loneliness". That's why I wish to stay drunk forever. Here, the poet has poured himself into the ancient wine cup. When it comes to "only the drinker leaves his name", he cited the "King of Chen" Cao Zhi as a representative. He also adapted the sentence from his "Famous Capital Chapter": "When you return, you will have a feast, and you will fight with ten thousand fine wines." With all the experiences of drunkards in ancient times, why did they single out "King Chen"? This is inseparable from Li Bai's always pretentiousness. The people he set as role models were high-ranking figures like Xie An, and among such figures, "King Chen" was more closely related to wine. many. It is written with style and is consistent with the extremely confident tone of the previous article. Furthermore, the "King of Chen" Cao Zhi was highly suspicious of the two dynasties, and it was difficult to develop his ambitions, which also aroused the poet's sympathy. The first mention of "ancient sages" and the second mention of "Chen King" Cao Zhi are full of injustice. At first, this poem seems to only involve emotions about life, without any political overtones. In fact, the whole poem is full of profound sorrow, anger and belief in oneself. The reason why poetry is sad but not sad, and sad but strong, is rooted in this.
Having just revealed a little more depth, he returned to talking about wine, and he seemed to be even more excited about it. The following poems are wild again, and getting more and more wild. "Master, why do you say so little money?" not only echoes the sentence "All the gold is gone", but also pretends to be ups and downs, leading to the last heroic words: Even if all the gold is gone, you should not hesitate to give up the famous treasure - "five-flowered horse" (coat color) They made a fine horse with five patterns) and a "thousand gold fur" in exchange for fine wine, hoping to get drunk before resting. The beauty of this ending lies not only in the loud tone of "hu'er" and "you'er"; it also has a kind of arbitrary attitude that the author may not be aware of at the moment. It should be noted that the poet is just a guest invited by his friends to drink. At this moment, he is sitting on a high table, pointing angrily, proposing to pawn a fur for a horse, which makes people wonder who the "master" is. Very romantic. A quick word can only come from a bold and informal way of making decisions. The poetry is so wild that it makes people sigh and sing, and they want to "dance with their hands and dance with their feet." The emotion is still lingering, the poem has come to an end, and suddenly another sentence bursts out: "I will sell the eternal sorrow with you", which is closely related to the "sadness" at the beginning, and the meaning of "eternal sorrow" is even deeper. The ending of "white clouds disappear from the sky and disappear with the wind" shows the poet's torrent of emotions. Looking at the whole article, there are really ups and downs, and it would be impossible to do it without a huge pen.
"Jiangjinjiu" is not long in length, but it has many five tones and an extraordinary atmosphere. The writing is full of ink, the emotions are extremely sad and angry and the writing is wild, and the language is extremely bold and calm. The poem has the momentum and power to shock ancient and modern times. This is indeed related to the exaggeration technique. For example, the poem often uses huge numbers ("a thousand pieces of gold", "three hundred cups", "a fight of ten thousand cups of wine", "a thousand pieces of gold", "eternal sorrow", etc.) It expresses heroic poetry without giving people a sense of hollowness and exaggeration. The root lies in its rich and deep inner feelings, the turbulent emotions of anger hidden under the drinking conversation. In addition, the whole article has great ups and downs, and the poetic mood suddenly changes from sadness to joy, to wildness, to anger, then to wildness, and finally ends in "eternal sorrow". In response to the beginning of the chapter, it is like a rushing river, with momentum and excitement. It twists and turns, twists and turns vertically and horizontally, and can carry the cauldron with its strength. His songs include the writing method of the song, as well as the uncanny craftsmanship and the beauty of "breaking the path of pen and ink", which can neither be learned by carving, nor can be achieved by others. The whole article is mainly composed of seven characters, and is "broken" by three, five, or ten character sentences, which are extremely inconsistent and intricate; the poems are mainly composed of prose, and are also touched by short antitheses (such as "Master Cen, Dan Qiu Sheng") ", "Five-flowered Horse, Thousand-Gold Fur"), the rhythm is fast and ever-changing, bold and unrestrained. "Tang Shi Bie Cai" says that "those who read Li's poems in the majesty and joy, and get the spirit of profoundness and elegance are the faces of the relegated immortals." This article is worthy of it.