Taoist Song Zhengqi is a five-character ancient poem written by Wen Tianxiang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, in prison. According to legend, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in a dark and humid prison, and he was unable to participate because of lack of righteousness. After that, he made an important Song Qi before being executed. The following is the related content of Taoist surviving Song Qi.
Taoist Song Zhengqi 1 Wen Tianxiang [Song]
Give the prisoner a north yard and sit in the earthen house. This room is eight feet wide and four feet deep. Single leaf is low and small, white room is short and narrow, dirty and dark. In this summer, all kinds of gases are extracted: four sets of rain, several floating beds, and sometimes water vapor; Mud half a face, braving the wind and waves, sometimes rustic; At first glance, it looks sunny and hot, and the air duct is blocked. At other times, the weather is fine. The yin of the eaves encourages inflammation and abuse, sometimes anger; When the warehouse is rotten, when Chen chen is aggressive and angry; Shoulder mixing, sweaty smell, sometimes popular; Or a corpse, or a rotten mouse, mixed with evil spirits, sometimes stinking. Stacking is counting qi, and when it invades, it is rarely rude. I haven't been weak for two years, but fortunately I'm safe and sound. It's almost a matter of support. However, I also know what I am raising. Mencius said, "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit." He has seven spirits, and I have one. If one enemy is seven, why should I suffer? Haoran, the meaning of heaven and earth, composed a song of righteousness.
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star.
People call it awe, which is overwhelming. The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court.
When you are poor, you can see it, one by one. In the history of Qi Taishi Jane, in the east of Shanxi Hu Bi.
Chasing in Zhang Liang, Qin, and on Emperor Wudi's Day. As the head of General Yan, he is endowed with the blood of Ji.
Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan. Or for Liaodong's hat and Qing dynasty. Li bingxue
Or for a model, a crying hero. Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken. It takes qi as its power, and it lasts forever.
When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are at peace. The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it.
Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective.
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. Tripods are as sweet as cups and are hard to get.
There is a jack-o'-lantern in the dark room, and it is dark in the spring yard. Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix.
Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas. If it is so hot and cold, it is easy to change.
Hey, I'm on the battlefield and I'm happy for my country. Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief.
I care about this. Look up at the clouds. My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high.
The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over. Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
Taoist Song Zhengqi 2 "Song Zhengqi": the unity of heart and qi, the source of life in the universe, the righteousness of the world, and the preciousness of people.
What is "aristocratic spirit"?
Meng Ziyun: "It's hard to say. It is also gas, to Dagang; It is harmless to raise it directly, but it is stuffed between heaven and earth. "
Throughout history, Wen Tianxiang is the person who interprets Mencius' lofty spirit best, understands it most profoundly and shows it most thoroughly! Especially Song Zhengqi's first paragraph is the most concise.
Wen Tianxiang's academic thought straightforwardly unified the sometimes contradictory "dualism of heart and qi" of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties into "monism of heart and qi".
He believes that the fundamental source of life in the universe lies in qi. This gas does not refer to the gas we breathe. The word "qi" is just a synonym, a code name.
At the beginning of Song Zhengqi, it is said that "heaven and earth are upright, and the word" miscellaneous "means" clump ".
The knowledge and works of ancient scholars are based here, and the word "miscellaneous" is derived from the concept of the Book of Changes, which holds that the relationship between all things in the universe is complex.
Complexity does not mean that it is chaotic, but that it is well organized and has layers of connections with each other. Usually, when you hear complexity, you think it is chaos, which is the mistake of future generations.
Therefore, Wen Tianxiang said in Song of Righteousness that "everything is multifaceted", and everything comes from the change of Qi. Everything in metaphysics is the projection of metaphysical ontological function, which is called "righteousness" and contains the highest philosophy of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
"Crossing the river is below, and the sun star is above".
He divided the universe into two layers, which is also modeled after the concept of "heaven is superior to earth" in the Book of Changes.
He also divided qi into two types, one is yin and the other is yang. We shouldn't feel mysterious at the sight of Yin and Yang. In fact, "Yin and Yang" is just like the code of addition and subtraction in our mathematics now. Through the change of yin and yang, our material world is formed.
"The river is below", and the turbid gas, that is, turbid gas, condenses into a physical geophysical world, such as mountains, rivers, plants and everything.
"The sky is the sun star", and the light and clear qi means that the yang rises to become the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars.
"It's awesome for people, and people are overwhelmed."
This kind of qi, for all things in the world, is always called righteousness, for people, it is called noble qi, and everything in the universe and even human beings are changed by it. This is another characteristic of China culture.
In China culture, people play a very important role, because there is a saying that "heaven, earth and people are three talents". Man is as great as heaven and earth.
Heaven and earth are often flawed and not necessarily perfect, but people born between them can make up for their shortcomings with wisdom, assist them and educate counselors.
Often the characteristics endowed by heaven are not the functions of the earth; The characteristics endowed by the earth are not the functions of the sky.
But at that time, people could complement each other with wisdom and let heaven and earth communicate and reconcile. So people can help each other.
Then Wen Tianxiang said, "People call it noble". This righteousness in people's material life, like that in the universe, follows the principle of duality and is divided into two parts, one is physical and physiological, and the other is mental and psychological.
When this healthy spirit reaches people's lives, it is called "noble spirit". If we practice well and cultivate this innate lofty spirit, we can give full play to the function of life and communicate with the universe, so it is said to be "unstoppable."
The whole universe, including human beings, exists with "righteousness" and is transformed from "righteousness"; Among people, it is especially called "the spirit of integrity". The names of the two gases are different, representing one body and two uses.
These words of his can better explain the "noble spirit" than anything else, and they are not as neat and simple as what he said when he opened the works of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.
With the development of Wen Tianxiang's masterpieces, the meanings of the words "I" and "I" in Mencius' "I am good at cultivating my lofty spirit" are more clear.
It should be noted that each of us has this noble and upright spirit as long as we are alive, which is inherent in life. As long as we are willing to work hard, everyone can practice from ordinary people to the realm of harmony between man and nature.
Taoist Song Zhengqi 3 appreciates Song Zhengqi.
Song Zhengqi was written by Wen Tianxiang, a famous minister and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Song Dynasty, in the first year of Emperor Zhao Minxiang's prosperity (1278), Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Haifeng, Guangdong. The following year, he was escorted to Yuan Dadu (now Beijing). After three years in prison, Wen Tianxiang suffered various threats and inducements, but he remained indomitable. 128 1 in the summer, in a hot and humid cell, Wen Tianxiang wrote Song of Righteousness, which is as famous as crossing the ocean. He said in the preface:
I'm in the north yard, sitting in an earthen house. It's eight feet wide and four fathoms deep. The door of the single room is low and small, and the white room is short and narrow, dirty and dark. In this summer, all kinds of gases are extracted: four sets of rain, several floating beds, and sometimes water vapor; Mud half a face, braving the wind and waves, sometimes rustic; At first glance, it looks sunny and hot, and the air duct is blocked. At other times, the weather is fine. The yin of the eaves encourages inflammation and abuse, sometimes anger; When the warehouse is rotten, when Chen chen is aggressive and angry; Side by side, smelly and sweaty, sometimes popular; Or a corpse, or a rotten mouse, mixed with evil spirits, sometimes stinking. Stacking is counting gas, and it is rare to do it well. I haven't been weak for two years, but fortunately I'm safe and sound. It's almost a matter of support. However, I also know what I am raising. Mencius said, "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit." He has seven spirits, and I have one. With one enemy against seven, why should I suffer! Haoran, the meaning of heaven and earth, composed a song of righteousness.
The poem is impassioned, which fully shows Wen Tianxiang's unyielding patriotic feelings. 1283 1.9 After refusing Yuan Shizu's last inducement, Wen Tianxiang made a southern tour on the execution ground and died peacefully. His desperate words wrote: "Confucius said that he was benevolent, and Meng said that he took justice, but benevolence and righteousness were exhausted, so he was benevolent." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, you have no conscience. "
Wen Tianxiang, an anti-Yuan hero, wrote Song Zhengqi in Beijing (the capital of the Yuan Dynasty). The little-known Wen Tianxiang Temple is located in Fu Xue Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, where Wen Tianxiang, an anti-Yuan hero, was imprisoned by the Yuan Dynasty for three years. Wen Tianxiang Temple has two courtyards before and after, and there is a poem tablet embedded in the east wall of the front yard, engraved with the famous sentence "Song Zhengqi" written by Wen Tianxiang in that year; In the back hall, there is an ancient jujube tree that inclines to the south at nearly 45 degrees, which is said to be the "guiding tree" representing Wen Tianxiang's indomitable spirit of "not pointing to the south and refusing to rest".
Wen Tianxiang was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. 1236 was born in a family of poetry, calligraphy and painting. /kloc-at the age of 0/256, he went to Lin 'an Prefecture (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, to take the exam and won the top prize. 1259, when Wen Tianxiang's three-year filial piety for his father expired and he officially entered his official career, the Southern Song Dynasty was already facing the critical situation that the Mongolian army invaded from the south. Worried Wen Tianxiang wrote to the imperial court, exposing the treacherous court official's misdeeds by mistake, and put forward the idea of "establishing a Fangcheng, each defending its own side", that is, implementing the military defense contract responsibility system according to the location, but "fighting without reporting" was ignored. Wen Tianxiang's official career, honest and caring for the country and the people, has been ups and downs for twenty years, and has always been suppressed and rejected.
My heart is a magnet, which doesn't mean that the South won't rest. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan established the Great Yuan Empire. 1274, Kublai Khan sent Prime Minister Bo Yan and led 200,000 troops to invade the Song Dynasty again. Although there were more than 700,000 soldiers in the Southern Song Dynasty, the master and the young minister were treacherous and collapsed at the touch of a button. Wen Tianxiang donated his fortune and raised 50,000 militiamen from Beijing, but was obstructed by treacherous court officials and was relieved of military power.
1276 On the 18th day of the first lunar month, the Yuan army arrived at Gaoting Mountain, only three miles away from Lin 'an, and the right prime minister Chen wenfeng fled. On the 19th day of the first month, Wen Tianxiang, then the magistrate of Lin 'an, was appointed as the right prime minister by the court and went to Gaoting Mountain to discuss surrender. The powerful Empress Xie instructed the little emperor to call Kublai Khan's nephew if it was possible to negotiate, but it was impossible, and the grandson agreed. On the 20th of the first month, Wen Tianxiang met with Bo Yan, saying that he would only talk about peace, not surrender, and asked the Yuan army to withdraw its troops before negotiations. Bo Yan was furious and detained Wen Tianxiang. On the 21st of the first month, Xie led the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender.
1276 On the ninth day of the second lunar month, Wen Tianxiang, who vowed to die, left for Dadu (now Beijing) under the escort of the Yuan Army. During the stopover in Zhenjiang, Wen Tianxiang and his companion *** 12 managed to escape on the night of February 29th, and returned to their homeland of Southern Song Dynasty by boat via Yizheng, Yangzhou and Tongzhou (now Nantong). When Wen Tianxiang was sailing at the mouth of the Yangtze River, he wrote a sincere and touching poem "The Yangtze River" on board: "I swam to the North Sea with the wind and returned to the Yangtze River in a few days. My heart is a magnetic needle stone, which does not mean that the south will not rest. "
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. After more than two months of running around, Wen Tianxiang finally returned to Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Since then, officials who refused to demote the Yuan Dynasty have established the younger brother of Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty, who has already demoted the Yuan Dynasty, as emperor, and established a small court to survive. At one time, the homeland of the Southern Song Dynasty only relied on Wen Tianxiang's army to support the mess, and finally it was outnumbered. 12791February 20th, defeated in Wupoling, Haifeng, Guangdong, and was captured again.
With Wen Tianxiang, the Yuan Army captured Yashan (now the sea area of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province), the last base of the Southern Song Dynasty small court, by sea. Wen Tianxiang wrote "crossing the dingyang sea" in the enemy ships, and the famous sentence "Who has never died since ancient times, keeps the heart on history" comes from this poem.
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways. 1279 On the first day of the 10th lunar month, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Dadu and placed in a hotel. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan admired Wen Tianxiang's talent. He sent Gong, the fallen emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and several fallen ministers to persuade him to surrender. Wen Tianxiang refused, and was put into the horse cell (in today's Fu Xue Hutong) on the fifth day of October.
During his three years in prison, Wen Tianxiang wrote hundreds of poems and articles to express his patriotism. 128 1 summer, under the fumigation of seven gases, such as summer heat, rancid air and foul air, Wen Tianxiang generously wrote "Song Zhengqi", which is a sonorous work that has been told all through the ages and written all over the floor. In prison, he said, "Although heaven and earth are full of righteousness, they are various. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. In people's words, awe, unstoppable ... "
There is only a loyal soul, and the blue sky is often cloudy at dusk. At the beginning of 1283, the Yuan Dynasty detected that thousands of people had been contacted, trying to fight against Yuan and save Wen Tianxiang. On October 8th, 65438/KLOC-0, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan personally arraigned the case, made a final surrender, and promised to give the Prime Minister an official position. Wen Tianxiang told Kublai Khan, "Nothing can be done except death."
1283 65438+1On October 9th, Wen Tianxiang died generously in Daduche (now Jiaodaokou South Street in Beijing) at the age of 48. Wen Tianxiang wrote his last poem on the execution ground:
In previous years, a single Ge took Wei Yang, but he survived to help the Song Emperor.
Heaven and earth can't prosper the country, and the country has no owner and loses loyalty.
When God returned to Song Yue, the wind and thunder changed. Tobacco trees are scarce, and I am so angry.
Looking south at Jiuyuan, there is nowhere, the dust and sand are dark, and the road is boundless.
For seven years, he has been wearing felt and fur clothes, looking haggard, like a prisoner of Chu.
Jade Dragon Palace and Cliff Ridge Moon, standing bravely in Haimen Autumn.
Thousands of ancient heroes are lost, the country is ruined and the cause is closed.
There is only a loyal soul, and the blue sky is often cloudy at dusk.