Looking around Mount Li, the house is brightly lit. Where was the luxury then? I saw that the grass was sparse and the water was lingering. I still hate foggy trees. Countries such as Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu, when they win, all turn to dirt; What is lost has become dirt.
Translation and annotation
Looking around Mount Li, Epang Palace has been destroyed by a fire. It was prosperous and rich at that time. Where is it now?
I only saw the desolate grassland, and the water twisted, and now the hatred left behind is like smoke.
Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu, which of these countries won, were all reduced to ashes; The loser is reduced to ashes.
1, Mount Li is in the southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Du Mu's A Palace: Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang.
2. Epang Palace: Epang Palace is the name of Qin king Palace, so it is located in Epang Village, southwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. "Three Auxiliary Huang Tu": Epang Palace, also known as Acheng, died before Huiwen Wangjian Palace. At the beginning, the emperor widened his palace with a gauge of more than 300 miles. After leaving the palace, the mountain crossed the valley and the road led to Mount Li for more than 800 miles. "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang": First, make the front hall and the back room, with 50 steps from east to west and 50 feet from north to south. You can let10,000 people sit on the floor and build a 50-foot-high flag on the floor. After Xiang Yu led the troops to slaughter Xianyang and burn Qin Gong, the fire did not go out in March (see Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography). Therefore, Du Mu has a torch and is poor and scorched. ("Epang Palace Fu") Sigh.
3, lingering: describe the twists and turns of water flow.
4. Nationality: country, namely Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu.
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Mount Li is in the northeast of An and the west of Epang Palace, and the existing palace abutment still exists. Du Mu said in Gong Fang Fu: Mount Li was built in the north and folded in the west, reaching Xianyang directly. Epang Palace was built from Mount Li and then reached Xiwan. It is extremely grand in scale and luxurious in facilities. In 206 BC, when the Qin Dynasty perished and Xiang Yu invaded Xianyang, Epang Palace was burned down. Zhang wrote this poem of nostalgia when passing through Lishan Mountain. At the beginning of the three sentences, Li Shan looked around, and Ah Fang was angry. Where was the luxury then? Looking back at the history of Mount Li, it used to be the palace of the Qin Dynasty. After it was destroyed by fire, the stage, dance pavilion, gold nuggets and pebbles at that time no longer existed. The author uses the question "where are you today" to emphasize his feelings about the great changes that have taken place in history from ancient times to the present, which naturally leads to the following "only grass is sparse, only water is lingering" There are no luxurious palaces in the past, only sparse weeds and winding rivers. The lack of grass and lingering water increase the emotional weight of the author's nostalgia and injury to the present. Followed by six or seven sentences: I still hate that tobacco tree. State, Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu. Today, the resentment of Qin Dynasty's national subjugation due to luxury and cruelty has disappeared among the smoke trees. And this kind of national subjugation is not unique to the Qin Dynasty. From the Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period to the dispute between Han and Chu, who did not die? In fact, the author has placed an irony here, saying that future generations have forgotten the lessons of the demise of the previous dynasty. After the Yuan rulers seized power, they became more extravagant, completely ignoring the emptiness of the national treasury, and the social economy was in urgent need of adjustment. Zhang was dissatisfied with the situation at that time, but when he thought about the history of other countries, he felt that from seizing political power to extravagant violence and finally dying, it was the same ending as the feudal dynasty. Du Mu said that the Chu people in Abang Palace were burned to the ground, and the author derived it from this and wrote: If you win, you will become dirt; What is lost has become dirt. At the end of this sentence, the two sentences are the same, which means that whether you win or lose, the luxurious palace will eventually die out and become dirt. We can regard this as a curse to the feudal dynasty and a summary of the social and historical laws of the feudal dynasty. At the end of another poem, Zhang said that "the sheep on the hillside miss Tongguan": Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer. This is the change of the feudal dynasty from the people's point of view, which brought all the sufferings to the people. And this poem is from the perspective of dynasty rulers. No matter whether the feudal rulers win or lose, they are doomed to perish. Although it is not as profound as Tongguan's homesickness, it also implies a historical necessity and is quite meaningful. Shan Poyang Chang 'an Nostalgia
Zhaoshanpo Sheep Chang 'an Nostalgia
Mount Li is separated by a hole and surrounded by the Weihe River, with beautiful scenery and old mountains and rivers.
The fox and rabbit are sad, and the vegetation is autumn; Qin Gong Sui Garden is a relic, but where is the Han Tomb in Tang Que?
The mountain is empty because of sadness; The river flows by itself.
Translation and annotation
Two sentences of Mount Li: Mount Li has mountains and peaks; Weihe River has a beautiful cycle. Cave (xi): Mountains and peaks.
The dangerous situation of mountains and rivers has not changed. Historical records of Taizu: Qin, victorious country, rivers and mountains are in danger. County thousands of miles away, holding a halberd million, Qin Sheng one hundred and twenty. Convenient terrain, its soldiers from the princes, like a strategically located building.
Fox and rabbit: The fox and rabbit are sad, and the vegetation is sad for autumn, all lamenting the desolation of Chang 'an.
Qin Gong's words: When Qin Shihuang left the palace, Emperor Yang Di went to the forest garden, leaving a bad name in vain.
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Chang 'an Nostalgia is a work of praising history. Mount Li is separated by a hole and surrounded by the Weihe River, with beautiful scenery and old mountains and rivers. The author has a bird's eye view of Chang 'an City's perilous surroundings and magnificent scenery. Then, it was revealed in passionate and controversial language that the detached palace and Shanglin Garden built by tyrants Qin Shihuang and Yang Di had long since ceased to exist, leaving only a stigma; Where is the Tang Palace Que in the Han Tomb? Didn't rotten vegetation and whining foxes and rabbits stay? Finally, take the mountain and worry about yourself; River, empty self-flow splayed knot. The whole song is written implicitly and vaguely.
Shanpoyang Luoyang nostalgia
On the Tianjin Bridge, overlooking the railing, the king of Chunling is dying; The trees are grey, the water is boundless, and there is no general Zhongxing in Yuntai. Turn around and die forever. Work, not long, fame, not long.
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"Goat Luoyang Nostalgia" may have been written by Zhang when he went to Guanzhong for disaster relief and passed by Luoyang. Luoyang is a famous historical city. It was once the capital of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Yang Di and Wu Zetian. Many dynasties before the Song Dynasty also used it as the capital, which played an important role in the ancient history of China.
In the first six sentences of "Goat Luoyang Nostalgia", the author looks from Tianjin Bridge, the ancient capital of Luoyang in the Nine Dynasties, remembering Liu Xiu, who was once all-powerful and established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his voice is low and sad. Therefore, Tianjin Bridge is located in the southwest of the old city of Luoyang, just south of the imperial city of Sui and Tang Dynasties. Built in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty, it was connected with the big ship by iron locks, and the north-south road was opposite to the fourth floor. It was burned down at the end of Sui Dynasty and rebuilt and reinforced many times in Tang and Song Dynasties. This used to be a bustling scenic spot in Luoyang. The author came to Tianjin Bridge, overlooking the bridge, Luoshui rolled eastward, looked up and looked far away, and the king of Chunling had disappeared. "Spring Mausoleum is the king's soul" is a historical allusion about Liu Xiu. "The Story of Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty" said: "Su Boya, who was in charge of Qi, sent Wang Mang to Nanyang. When he saw the Spring Mausoleum in the distance, he said,' What a spirit! Lush! "Spring mausoleum, the county name, belonged to Nanyang at that time, so it is located in Zaoyang County, Hubei Province today. Hou Liuren, the grandfather of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, moved here, hence the name. Seeing qi is a professional skill of ancient alchemists. People believe that watching clouds and gas can predict good or bad luck. This is an unreliable trick. According to the alchemist, Su Baoer's "good" and "lush" breath of the Spring Mausoleum is a kind of king's breath, which indicates that the son of heaven will appear here. Later, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, appeared. Now the author is in Tianjin Bridge, Luoyang, and has lost the kingship of the Spring Mausoleum. I'm afraid there will never be such a person as Liu Xiu in this place again. And those civil servants and military commanders who helped Liu Xiu establish the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as Deng Yu and Ma Wu, have already become the ancients. Even the portraits of 28 generals drawn by Ming Taizu and Liu Zhuang on the platform of Nangong Yuntai in memory of these former heroes during Yongping years have already collapsed. All I can see is lush trees and vast flowing rivers. Faced with this situation, the author expressed emotion: "Turn around and die forever. "Since ancient times, those emperors and heroes have been all-powerful at that time and staged a vigorous live drama on the stage of real life, but at first glance, they have perished and become a past tense. Therefore, the author believes that "merit" and "fame" are short-lived and will not last long.
To sum up, the author's mood in music is low, almost negative; Combined with the social reality of the Yuan Dynasty, the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty was brutal and autocratic, and the social rule was dark and decadent. Zhang was demoted for discussing political affairs. Although it was put into use this time, he could not predict the consequences. Therefore, he revealed a deep and sad mood in his music.
Shanyang Weiyang Nostalgia
On that day, Sanjay was here to please Chabr's theory of prosperity and abolition. How sad to see the heritage base! The mountains and rivers are still heroic, try to sit in the highest place. East, also in the picture; Lucy is also in the photo.
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This song was written by Zhang during the disaster relief in Shaanxi in the second year (AD 1329).
Weiyang Palace is located in Xi 'anmen, southwest of Chang 'an, Han Dynasty, and is guarded by Xiao He, the founding prime minister of Liu Bang. It is a large-scale palace group consisting of more than 40 palaces including Cheng Ming, Liangqing, Xuan Shi, Kirin and Phoenix. Throughout the Western Han Dynasty, it was the center of the political activities of the supreme ruling clique, and it was magnificent. Even Liu Bang thought it was too much at first. Therefore, the site is located more than ten miles in the northwest suburb of Xi city today, and the tall earthen platform of Qian Dian site can be seen more than ten miles away.
The author came to the ruins of Weiyang Palace, boarded the tall tutaiji, and thought about it for thousands of years. Naturally, he thought of the builder of this magnificent palace and helped Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, to create the founding fathers of the Great Han Empire, especially Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin, whom Liu Bang called "outstanding figures", that is, the "three outstanding men" in the world. These three men, either "strategizing and winning thousands of miles away", or "helping the country and the people to eat for the sky", or "winning an invincible battle with a million troops", made extremely significant contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty and were named Duke and Hou. Reflecting on myself, my career is bumpy, and now I am "full of white hair and new hair" ([Zhong Lu] "Spring Breeze") and my ambition is not paid; Sean and Han Xin, who created the world for Liu Bang, tried their best to build a great honor. But when Liu Bang was firmly seated in the throne, the former was forced to abdicate and the latter was killed in the bell room of Changle Palace. Thinking that he "retired as an official in middle age" ("Narcissus"), he was forced to abandon his official position and go home because he advised the palace to arrange lanterns on the Lantern Festival. Now, although I accepted the appointment of the imperial court and went to Guanzhong for disaster relief, what will happen in the future? I will remember history, think about reality and feel for myself, so that he can "see the legacy, how can he not be sad?"
The following sentence "the mountains and rivers are still heroic, try to sit on the peak" should be understood in reverse. The author climbed the high earth platform of Weiyang Palace site and looked around. My heart suddenly opened up, and my slightly sad mood suddenly vanished. Guanzhong is really the hometown of emperors. The fame and career of Huang Jincheng and Sanjie, thousands of miles away, seem to add gorgeous colors to the magnificent mountains and rivers. Looking east, the beautiful mountains and rivers are picturesque, looking west, the beautiful mountains and rivers are picturesque, and the beautiful mountains and rivers of the motherland make the poet feel heartfelt admiration. Here, the author admires Sanjie's immortal heroism and adds color to the rivers and mountains, that is, the ambitions and achievements of the three characters. This admiration naturally reveals the author's ambition to make contributions and make a difference. Combined with the author's diligence and love for the people during the disaster relief in Guanzhong, this understanding is more well-founded.
This nostalgic song written to commemorate historical figures, lyrical and emotional melody began to suppress, and finally rose, first implicit and then bright, ups and downs, lasting appeal.