How to Strengthen the Education of China Traditional Culture in Chinese Classroom
Shijiazhuang Foreign Language School Qi Shiming
Mr. nan huaijin, a master of Chinese studies, said, "A country and a nation are not afraid of national subjugation. The most terrible thing is that a country or a nation's own fundamental culture will die out, and it will never turn over. "
Mr. Li Zhengdao, a famous contemporary scientist and Chinese American, said: "A nation that only relies on the past will not develop, and a nation that abandons its ancestors will not have a future." China's real rise and concern for the world should be based on the rediscovery and re-understanding of the entire ancient civilization of China (including the excellent educational heritage of Confucianism).
The New Curriculum Standard also clearly points out that humanistic quality includes the following contents: "In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotic feelings and socialist moral quality, gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, and improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste." "Know the richness of China culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect multiculturalism, and absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture. " Obviously, it is an indispensable part of Chinese teaching to pay attention to the use of traditional culture to cultivate students' humanistic quality.
However, in the teaching system of our school, Chinese teaching has always been in an awkward position: the biggest "small subject". The status of China people is being eroded. As a foreign language school, foreign languages are the characteristics and the leader. Mathematics is the highlight, and physics and chemistry are the pillars. All kinds of competitions and exams force students to wander in all kinds of make-up classes even on Saturday and Sunday. No time to learn Chinese. In addition, in Chinese teaching a few years ago, all the exam-oriented education for senior high school entrance examination has been devoted to mastering basic knowledge, satisfied with guessing questions, satisfied with grades and scores, and unilaterally emphasized the instrumentality of Chinese. In Chinese class, besides speaking, it means reading and reciting, and besides imitating, it means copying and writing. When spreading traditional culture, it is only limited to "following the book" or "following the old rules". Without better expanding and extending the space of Chinese classroom, the beauty of traditional culture will be stifled. Students learn the taste of chewing wax, lose interest and lose initiative. The teacher dragged on and on, which exhausted him. No wonder a few years ago, a Chinese teacher said helplessly: I killed someone in my last life and taught Chinese in my life.
In the face of inheriting the excellent Chinese traditional culture, all Chinese teachers are not pessimistic, complaining, abandoning or giving up. In the promotion and inheritance of traditional culture and Chinese teaching, we actively explored and boldly innovated, and gained little.
First, strengthen teachers' own traditional cultural literacy.
At the beginning of the first day of junior high school, our Chinese teaching and research group established an iron discipline: around the knowledge chain of ancient poetry, calligraphy and couplets in six textbooks, we developed school-based textbooks in combination with school needs, listed relevant reading catalogues for ourselves, and improved our traditional cultural literacy. Books such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, The Book of Rites, The Book of Songs, Anecdotes of Couplets, Caigen Tan, etc. have become necessary books for teachers' bedside tables. Secondly, make good use of the time for preparing lessons and teaching and research. First of all, we should study, discuss and thoroughly understand the teaching materials and understand the essence of traditional culture. Only in this way can teachers go deep into it, show their true feelings and guide students to touch the pulse of traditional culture and feel the influence and infection of traditional culture.
Second, "Chinese classroom" is the main position to spread traditional culture.
Chinese teaching, whether it is the teaching of Chinese basic knowledge or basic ability or the cultivation of "emotion, attitude and values", is completed in a teaching process. All the contents and knowledge it wants to impart are excellent cultures accumulated by predecessors, so Chinese teaching itself is to impart traditional culture.
★ Create a Chinese classroom with a cultural atmosphere. Promote and learn traditional culture with the blackboard newspaper in the classroom, the special attention column at the door of the classroom and the unified planning of the school district culture column outside the classroom as the platform. Open a calligraphy column to explain calligraphy knowledge and exhibit students' calligraphy works; Open up a column of traditional festivals, explain the origin of traditional festivals, and publicize the traditional festival knowledge in ancient poetry. ...
★ The subject slogan lights up. Before class, teachers and students * * * recite Chinese slogans, which has become the characteristics of promoting traditional culture in Chinese classes: "A hundred rivers flow into the sea, and the articles of the ages show literary talent", "There are thousands of exchanges in the chest, and there are poems in the belly", "The wisdom is not strong, and the unbelievers are unsuccessful". 14 class students insist on reciting excerpts from On young chinese, which is concise, meaningful and inspiring. Over time, it not only enriches the accumulation, but also stimulates students' interest in learning Chinese.
★ Strengthen the reading of ancient poems, rain or shine.
Si Kongtu said: "Poetry can be seen everywhere, like flowers blooming every day, like looking forward to the New Year. Not surprisingly, it's better to be poor than strong, and it's empty. It's flat after water. Thin words and feelings, long rhyme. " Excellent poetry has the characteristics of blurting out and self-winding, which will make students "like flowers blooming and falling, like looking forward to the new year, like crossing the water to pick the level." It seems to see the elegance of the ancients, give him a warm welcome in a warm place, and give him a euphemistic name in a euphemistic place, which makes people intoxicated by his voice and smile.
Chinese teachers in all grade groups have clear reading tasks at the beginning of the semester. In the morning reading time of Chinese every day, the corresponding teachers read the audio materials with loudspeakers or infect the students with their own reading charm, leading the students to chant along and immerse themselves in the artistic conception of "beauty" of poetry.
Many outstanding works handed down from generation to generation have been set to music and become a part of modern pop songs. For example, Su Shi's Water Turn Around, Li Yu's Yu Meiren, Li Qingzhao's A Prune, and Li Shangyin's Untitled. Teachers and students listen to singing together to feel the musical beauty of poetry, and complete the multi-angle aesthetics of poetic artistic conception with the help of beautiful melody.
★ Explore the classroom mode of traditional culture teaching in the new curriculum to improve classroom efficiency.
In the process of promoting classroom reform and the research and development of school-based teaching materials, it has initially formed its own teaching model. Namely: project establishment (necessary guidance. Because students' life experiences and experiences are always limited. Therefore, the traditional culture education in the teaching of ancient poetry sometimes needs the correct guidance of teachers. And leading is for the arrival of the soul, for the real perception, feeling and moving of traditional culture. For example, in order to keep his faith, Confucius lived in exile all his life, endured hunger and hardships, and used his asceticism to maintain and spread the truth he believed in; Tao Yuanming's thorough observation of dark reality and his political ideal of pursuing a beautiful and ideal society. )-autonomous learning (all projects must be memorized and written on the basis of understanding)-cooperative inquiry, expansion and extension (based on teaching materials, broaden ideas). For example, when is the bright moon taught by Su Shi? We ask students to search Su Shi's Titles of Xilin Wall, Hui Chong Chunjiang Xiaojing and Night Tour in Chengtian Temple from their own accumulation database. Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription", we will supplement his articles in "The First Meeting of Rewarding Lotte in Yangzhou" and "Zhi Zhu Ci" with beautiful language and vivid pictures; Li Bai's Farewell to Jingmen Ferry, as well as his Qiu Si and Entering Wine. Under the guidance of the teacher, students cooperate to explore, find information by themselves, sort out and print a series of famous tabloids, and systematically introduce their personal information, literary style, appreciation of famous articles, etc., one for each. So far, we have Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai and Du Fu 14. Students have spiritual dialogue and communication with the master. Approaching Qu Yuan, I understand what patriotism is. Approaching Tao Yuanming, understand what is noble; Get close to Su Shi and understand what is open-minded. In short, let students feel in their study and get close to the great soul in edification, so as to accept the baptism of spirit and realize the efficient transmission of culture.
★ Based on teaching materials, tap the essence and profound connotation of traditional culture.
Words carry the word. Teachers should base themselves on the classroom, fully explore and display all kinds of moral factors in excellent chapters of traditional culture, represent sages and gentlemen of traditional culture, and be called personality models. The traditional cultural classics with his thoughts as the core have inherited the lofty moral standards of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, honesty and propriety. Such as: the trip to the avenue, the idea that the world is public; Li Bai's positive attitude of "riding the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea"; Lu you's spirit of "lying at night listening to the wind and rain, dreaming of an iron horse glacier" and "dare not forget to worry about the country"; Fan Zhongyan's "worry about the world first, worry about the world later" worries about the country and the people; Bai Juyi is "rustic and hot, with the sun on his back." I don't know how hot it is, but I'm sorry that summer is long. "Deeply sympathize with the sufferings of the working people; Wang Anshi "Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me? "I am reluctant to go to my hometown and the helplessness and pain of living in a foreign land. There is a kind of moral integrity, wealth can't be immoral, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. It's better to be a broken jade than a broken jade, and the honor and disgrace are not shocked to be killed ... In walking, we saw our son's responsibility to the family and society; In Hu Shi's My Mother, we see a mother with the traditional virtue of "being gentle, respectful and frugal"; In the believers, we can see their integrity. It is these ways handed down from generation to generation that will shock, infect and edify students. Over time, it will become a powerful driving force for its own moral progress and eventually accumulate into values and outlook on life.
Third, carry out activities or special research classes to make traditional culture alive.
We all hold a series of activities. Held a classic reading activity of "classic Mohai needs to travel, and the book is full of growth". China Calligraphy Competition, "China Knowledge Competition", "China Ancient Poetry Competition", interesting folk customs and other activities. In the series of activities of famous artists entering the campus, lectures such as "Appreciation of outstanding riddles in ancient and modern times" and "How much do you know about couplets" were held. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the National Day last year, we launched the "Patriotic Poetry Reading" competition. More than 3000 students in more than 50 classes recited Qu Yuan's Li Sao, Liang Qichao's Selected Works of young chinese and I'm proud, I'm from China. It's really overwhelming. On the 23rd of this month, we will invite experts to give a lecture on "Chinese Studies". In addition, in view of the psychological changes of teenagers, we should fully tap the moral education materials in traditional culture and educate students on outlook on life and values.
In a word, mother tongue education is humanistic education, and humanistic literacy is humanistic literacy. Only by comprehensively and profoundly grasping the roots of traditional culture, allowing students' spirit to be nourished by the thoughts of sages and sages, and allowing students to learn both culture and life, can the ship of Chinese teaching sail on the deep ocean of traditional culture and absorb the fresh breath of the times!