Xin' anli
Du fu? Tang dynasty
The guests went to Xin 'an Road and shouted for some soldiers.
I would like to ask the Xin' an official: "Is there no Ding in the small county?"
"I officially issued a document last night and chose the men's line for the second time."
"China men are absolutely short, why should they guard the city?"
The fat man is from his mother, and the thin man is alone.
White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan is still crying.
"Don't dry your tears.
You can't see the bones until your eyes are dry, and the world is cold!
Our army takes Xiangzhou and watches it every day.
You never know what a thief is, but a military star will leave the camp.
As far as food is concerned, the soldiers are still in Beijing.
If you can't dig trenches, the horse herding service is also light.
The situation is Wang Shishun, and his upbringing is very clear.
Don't cry when you send me. Servants shoot like fathers and brothers. "
translate
On the way to Xin 'an County, the author heard Xin 'an officials ordering troops according to the household registration book.
The author asked the officials of Xin 'an: "Is it because Xin 'an County is small and all the able-bodied men have been transferred, and these young talents have been arrested?" "
The new security officer replied: "The official post was issued only last night, ordering underage men to take turns, and there were no able-bodied men."
The author also asked, "The painted underage men are all too young. How can we keep the city? "
The strong middle-aged man and his mother sent him away, while the thin one became lonely because his parents died in the war.
The river flows eastward day and night, and Qingshan is still crying!
"Don't let the tears dry, stop your tears.
When the tears dry, the skull will be exposed, but after all, heaven and earth are ruthless, and this sad arrangement cannot be changed.
Our army captured Xiangzhou and looked forward to regaining lost ground day and night.
However, the thief's heart was unpredictable, which led to the defeat of the loyalist army.
We went to the original camp for dinner, and our training also depended on Luoyang.
Digging trenches will not lead to deep water, and the labor of grazing military horses is relatively light.
What's more, the government's loyal ministers are in line with justice, everything will be smooth and smooth, and the care for soldiers will be clear at a glance.
Don't cry so sad, the officer will care about you as much as his father and brother.
To annotate ...
Xin 'an: Place name, now Xin 'an County, Henan Province.
More: Hehe.
Times: in turn.
Male: refers to1adult over 8 years old and under 23 years old. This was stipulated by the military service system in the early years of Tang Tianbao.
Póng: describes loneliness.
Less than water: indicates that the trench is shallow.
Servant Shooting: refers to Guo Ziyi. As a father as a brother: it means to love foot soldiers very much.
Xiangzhou: the "Yecheng" of "Three Heroes Defending Yecheng", now Anyang, Henan.
Old Beijing: refers to Luoyang, the eastern capital.
Ask the new security officer: The author asks the new security officer. The subject "author" is omitted here.
Make an appreciative comment
"The guest is on the new road, clamoring for some soldiers." These two sentences are the beginning of the whole article. "Guest", Du Fu refers to himself. All the following descriptions are based on the poet's five words "Shout for soldiers".
I would like to ask the Xin' an official: "Is there no Ding in the small county?" This is Du Fu's problem. In 624 (the seventh year of Tang Gaozu Wude), men and women were customized 16-year-old middle-aged and 2 1 year-old youth. In 744 (Tianbao three years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), it was changed to an 18-year-old male and a 22-year-old male. According to the normal conscription system, middle-aged men should not serve. Du Fu's question is very acute. Obviously, many people were taken away as able-bodied men, but they skipped a floor and asked, "Xin' an county is small, aren't there more men?" "Maybe he thinks that by asking this question, he can stop the new security officer." The official post was last night, and the male line was selected for the second time. "This official is very cunning. He skipped a layer and replied that the military posts issued by the state government should be drawn down one by one last night. This official is very sensitive. He knew that Du Fu made it difficult for him to refuse military service for middle-aged men, so he immediately took out official posts to suppress others. It was no longer feasible to talk about the king's law, so Du Fu further questioned the practical problems and reasons: "China men are short and small, how can they guard Luoyang, the eastern capital?" "The city refers to Luoyang. In the Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi was called the King City. This is another step of Du Fu's efforts, but there is no answer. Perhaps the official is tongue-tied, but it is more likely that the official doesn't want to talk to Du Fu any more. This shows that the official is tired of Du Fu, Du Fu sympathizes with the people, and the poet is pedantic.
"Fat people have a mother to send, thin people alone. White water flows eastward, and Qingshan is still crying. " And officials have nothing to say, Du Fu turned his eyes to the escorted people. With deep feelings, he looked at these China men carefully and looked at them again. He found that those boys who looked stronger were taken care of by their mothers and were seeing them off. Of course young men can't have wives. The reason why my father didn't come is because "the county is small and there is no ding", so there is no need to catch the children with my father. So the implication of "having a mother" is just another tragic scene. The thinness of "thin people" is unbearable, and the word "loneliness" is even more obvious. They have no relatives and no dependence. With infinite pain, but at a loss, unable to talk, this is the situation in which the word "loneliness" is presented to readers. Du Fu stood in front of this group of wailing people for a long time with tears in his eyes, only feeling that it was dusk, the white water was flowing silently in the dusk, and the green hills seemed to be crying. Here, with the word "Jude", you will be in a trance. After people left, the crying was still in my ears, as if even the green hills and white water were sobbing. It seems unreal and true, which makes readers thrilling. The above four sentences are the poet's subjective feelings. It plays a transitional role in the development of words and feelings between the dialogue with officials in front and the comforting words behind.
"Don't dry your tears. If the eyes are dry, you will see the bones, and the world will be cold! " This is the first sentence of Du Fu's comfort. Zhongnan had already left, and he couldn't tell them what he said. It's not only like what I said to middle-aged people before I made it up, but also like what Fu said to himself in the direction of middle-aged people after they passed by. That kind of daze shows his vacant psychology. Generally speaking, expressing grief and indignation always means letting your feelings out, but here, you seem to be closing the knot. "Dry eyes" and "tears streaming down my back" could have been described vividly, but Du Fu added "Mo" and "Shou". "Don't dry your eyes, put away your tears." Then use "the end of the world is ruthless" to stop it. "Mo" and "Shou" come first, and "the last ruthlessness" comes last, as if someone were going to swallow all the tears. This received the artistic effect of "but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword". This kind of grief and indignation is deeper, more difficult to control, and "heaven and earth" is more "ruthless".
Du Fu's writing of "the heartlessness of heaven and earth" profoundly exposed the irrationality of the military service system, but the nature of this war was different from that when he wrote "the garage shop". When the country's survival was imminent, the poet said some comforting words from the perspective of safeguarding the reunification of the motherland after accusing "the end of heaven and earth is ruthless". Xiangzhou's defeat was originally blamed on the imperial court and Tang Suzong, but Du Fu said that the enemy's situation was unpredictable, so he used such vague words to cover up the root of the failure in order to save face for the imperial court. Originally, I was defeated, but in order not to be too depressed, I said I was "returning to the army." "The situation is Wang Shishun, and his upbringing is very clear." Tang Jun's crusade against the Anshi Rebellion can be said to be justified, but in fact, it is far from caring for foot soldiers, and it is clearly raised. In addition, the so-called trenches are dug shallowly, and the work of herding horses is very light. Guo Ziyi regards foot soldiers as brothers and sisters. This is also a word of comfort. Du Fu said these words to comfort middle-aged men who were forced to join the army. While exposing poetry, it also protected the court. Du Fu said this out of kindness. In fact, the sufferings of the people and the disasters facing the country deeply stimulated his heavy and painful mind.
On the one hand, the Anshi Rebellion burned and looted at that time, which caused unprecedented damage to the productivity and people's lives in the Central Plains.
On the other hand, the rulers of the Tang dynasty exploited and oppressed the people in peacetime, but in times of national disaster, there was nothing they could do. They pushed all the disasters caused by the war on the people and donated important people, regardless of their lives. These two contradictions existed sharply in the social reality at that time, but the former was in the main position after all. It can be said that the people and the Tang Dynasty have something in common in counterinsurgency. Therefore, Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" not only exposed the ruling clique's indifference to people's life and death, but also clearly affirmed the counterinsurgency war and even encouraged and spurred the candidates, which is not difficult for readers to understand. Because although the people at that time hated the Tang Dynasty, they finally gritted their teeth and went to the front with tears in their eyes to support the counterinsurgency war. "White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan still cries" expresses the author's infinite sympathy for the "middleman" who applied for the job.
Creation background
The background of this poem is that in the winter of the first year (A.D. 758), An Qingxu surrendered to Xiangzhou, Su Zongming, Li Guangbi and other nine troops rode 200,000 troops to besiege Xiangzhou. From the solstice of winter to spring, it failed to break through the city. Fortunately, Guo Ziyi led his northern army to break the Heyang Bridge, which prevented Anshi's army from going south. Du Fu returned to Huazhou from Luoyang, passed by Xin 'an, saw the conscription, and wrote this poem.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.