Cao Zhi was the first literati who wrote five-character poems vigorously. He has more than 90 poems, including more than 60 five-character poems. His poems not only embody the elegance of The Book of Songs, but also contain the profound and strange interest of The Songs of the South. It not only inherits the brushwork of reflecting reality in Han Yuefu, but also retains the warm and sad artistic conception of 19 ancient poems. Cao Zhi's poetry has its own distinctive and unique style, which has completed the transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems. This is the cause of an era, but it was completed through Cao Zhicai.
Jian 'an era is an era when literature began to be conscious, and it is also an era when poets hold high their creative individuality and strive for originality in poetry creation. Among them, Cao Zhi's poem Gao Qi Hua Ci Mao made a great contribution to the creation of five-character poems. First of all, most of the ancient poems in Han Yuefu are narrative, and it was not until Nineteen Ancient Poems that lyric elements occupied an important position in the works. Cao Zhi developed this trend, and organically combined lyric and narrative, so that the five-character poems can not only describe complex events, but also express tortuous psychological feelings, greatly enriching its artistic functions.
Cao Cao transformed Wuyan Yuefu and created the generous and tragic style of Wuyan's poetry. Cao Pi enhanced the lyricism of Wuyan's poems and promoted the formation of his gorgeous style. Cao Zhi consolidated the position of five-character poems and created a variety of five-character poems, which had a great influence on the emergence of special poems in later generations.
Cao Zhi represents the third stage of the development of five-character poems in Jian 'an, and mainly realizes several changes: 1, changing Yuefu poems into literati five-character poems; 2. Change to express others' feelings or summarize emotions, focusing on expressing personal feelings; 3. In Cao Zhi's later works, he achieved a leap from "beautiful flowers" to "sinking the old" and from "creating feelings for literature" to writing bitterness, making five-character poems a new carrier for literati to express their feelings, thus marking the arrival of the third period of Jian 'an poetry and the final completion of the five-character poem system.
In short, poetry developed to Jian 'an period, and with the continuous development of social life, the form of five-character poetry has been adopted by literati. However, Cao Zhi, with his superhuman wisdom and bold innovative spirit, integrated the profound and extensive social content of the five-character poem, which made it gain great vitality.
Brief introduction of Cao Zhi:
Cao Zhi (192-232 65438+February 27th) was born in Dongwuyang (now Shenxian), Bozhou, Anhui. He is the third son of Cao Cao and Empress Wu Xuan. He was Wang Chen. After his death, posthumous title was also called "Si".
Cao Zhi was a famous writer of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives and epitomizers of Jian 'an literature, he was promoted to the position of a model article in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works include Luo Shen Fu, White Horse, Seven Wounded Poems, etc. Because of his literary attainments, later generations are called "Three Caos" with Cao Cao and Cao Pi.
His poems are good at vigorous brushwork and thrush, and have been lost in 30 volumes. Today, The Collection of Cao Zijian was compiled by Song people. Cao Zhi's prose also has the characteristics of "appealing to both refined and popular tastes and elegant style", and its genre is rich and diverse, which makes him make outstanding achievements in this respect. Xie Lingyun, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, commented that "there is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights". Zhong Rong, the author of "Poetry", also praised Cao Zhi for his "extraordinary personality, colorful words, elegant feelings and resentment, literary talent, overflowing in the present and standing out from the crowd." As the poet with the highest quality in the whole book "Poetry" and the founder of China's lyric character, he has the historical position of "a generation of poets" in the history of poetry. Wang Shizhen evaluated the poets who have lived for two thousand years since the Han and Wei Dynasties as "immortals", including Cao Zhi, Li Bai and Su Shi.