Si Kongtu (837-908) was a poet and poetics theorist in the late Tang Dynasty, and he was also known as "a scholar who knows right from wrong" and "a humiliated layman".
be an official
According to the history books, there are not many literary talents, but they are not called in rural areas. Later, his article was appreciated by Jiangzhou secretariat Wang Ning. Wang Ning returned to the DPRK as assistant minister of does, paid tribute, and took the senior high school entrance examination in Xian Tong, Tang Yizong for ten years (AD 869). He was promoted to the first place in Jinshi, at the age of 33, and was praised by Wang Ning, which made him famous. Soon, Wang Ning was demoted to the secretariat of Shangzhou because of this incident. Si Kongtu was grateful to him and offered to accompany him. Tang Xizong was an official for four years (877), and Wang Ning was appointed as an observer of Yuxuan, known as the shogun. In the second year, the imperial court named Si Kongtu as the imperial history in the temple. Because I couldn't bear to leave Wang Ning, I was moved to the left as the main thin of Guanglu Temple and to Luoyang in the east. At that time, Lu Xie went out with him and lived in Luoyang. He likes his talent and personality very much and often travels with him. Once, Xie Lu passed Si Kongtu's mansion and wrote a poem praising him on the wall, saying, "The surname is ordinary and expensive, and the official class is humble." If the old man is here, don't worry. "Later, Lu took back North Korea to reunite with him, and called Sikongtu as the history of does, looking for a doctor.
In the first year of Tang Xizong Guangming (880), the Huang Chao Uprising Army invaded Chang 'an. Si Kongtu's younger brother had a slave named Zhang Duan who participated in the Huang Chao Uprising. He enthusiastically publicized the benefits of the rebels to him and advised him to meet them. He refused and went back to his hometown by the river. Later, I heard that Nuozong lived in Fengxiang, so I went to visit him and was made an imperial edict, a calligrapher in China. In the second year of Guangming, Nuozong fled to Chengdu, but failed to catch up and returned to the river. From then until his death for more than 20 years, Si Kongtu basically lived a passive seclusion life, and most of his poems and poetics were written during this period.
Retire from the world
Si Kongtu was born in a bureaucratic landlord class family, in the era of Huang Chao Uprising and the imminent collapse of the Tang Dynasty. In the great historical turmoil, he didn't have the courage to face the reality, so he adopted a secluded life attitude. After returning to his hometown, he didn't communicate with the people or contact with the government. But "a pot of idle sun and moon, Long song into Wuling River" ("Ding Weigui Wang Guangu"). "The Nong family has its own Kirin Pavilion, and the first fame is only poetry." ("Five Villages in Li Jishan Watching Apricot Blossoms") At that time, Wang Chongrong's brothers were all guarding Hanzhong and admired his reputation. He often gives more gifts, but he refuses to accept them. Later, he was tricked into making an inscription and gave thousands of silks. Si Kongtu piled them up in Yuxiang City for everyone to use. Later, he settled in the ancestral home of Wangguan Valley in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain. In this "Xanadu", there is a "Spring Stone Forest Pavilion, which is quite called the interest of seclusion", singing with eminent monks and celebrities every day. Tang Zhaozong acceded to the throne and called him into the DPRK several times, worshiping Scheeren, assisting doctors, assistant ministers of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of War, but he refused to accept his resignation on the grounds of an old illness. To this end, he specially built a pavilion in Wangguangu Manor, named "Xiu Xiu Pavilion", and wrote an article "Xiu Xiu Pavilion" to clarify his ambition: "Xiu Mei is also beautiful. Have a rest. It's beautiful. Call it a gift, and it is also appropriate to take a break; There are points, and it is appropriate to rest; If you are in a barren land, you should rest on three occasions. And falling less, long and fast, old and pedantic, these are not used to save time, it is appropriate to take a break. " He also named himself "bosom friend" and "endure humiliation", and wrote a poem "endure humiliation", repeatedly chanting "take a break, Momo Momo" to express his intention of "living better".
In four years (904), Zhu Quanzhong assisted in state affairs and moved the capital to Luoyang, calling Si Kongtu the history of the Ministry of Rites. He pretended to be an old man and was released. Four days later, Eddie was killed. He fasted and vomited blood at the age of 72.
Poetry theory
Most of the poems left by Si Kongtu to future generations show leisurely landscapes, and the content is very thin. He also wrote a poem to express his confession: "If there are concerns in the poem, it is not unfair to the poem to abstain."
In the history of literature, Si Kongtu is mainly famous for his poetic theory. His poems (and several letters such as Talking about Poetry with Li Sheng) are the theoretical reflection of the highly developed art of Tang poetry and the masterpiece of pure artistic theory of poetry at that time. "Poetry" divides the artistic expression of poetry into twenty-four styles, such as vigorous, implicit, strange, natural and refined, each style is a product, and each product is illustrated by twelve vivid four-character rhymes. However, his poetics lacks strict systematicness, especially one-sided emphasis on the so-called "meaning beyond rhyme" and "meaning beyond taste", advocating a detached artistic conception far from real life experience, and ignoring the ideological nature and great social role of poetry. All these were inherited and developed by Yan Yu's Canglang poems in the Song Dynasty and Yang Yu's poems in Wang Shizhen in the Qing Dynasty, which had a lot of negative influences on the criticism and creation of later generations.