1. Confucius called Ji, and Bashu danced in court. This is tolerable and intolerable.
Vernacular interpretation
chapter one
Confucius commented that big doctor and Ji Sun of Lu abused the imperial rites and music. Bashu dance is a kind of dance that can only be used for emperor sacrifice. In ancient times, there were eight people in rites and music. The son of heaven is eight Shu, and there are sixty-four people. There are six princes and forty-eight people. There are four doctors and thirty-two people. Twelve uncles, sixteen people. Sacrifice must be performed as a ritual.
Solution 1
Confucius commented on Doctor Lu Ji, saying that Ji sacrificed in his temple with a dance team of 8864 people from the Zhou Dynasty. He has the heart to do things that violate the emperor's rites and music. What does he have in mind?
Solution 2
Confucius commented on Dr. Lu Ji, saying that Ji was worshiped by a dance team of 884 people in the Zhou Dynasty in his temple. This kind of thing is indecent, and at that time, lujun and the ministers around him, when they saw Ji's behavior in violation of etiquette, all put up with it without asking, so who can't stand it?
Zhangzhi
This chapter discusses Lu Qing's Ji family, and the abuse of rites and music will be the bane of Lu.
2. Three families live in harmony. Confucius said, "Look at each other and see the crowd, and the son of heaven sees it." Xi took it from the halls of three families.
Vernacular interpretation
Sun Shu is a descendant of Lu Huangong and a powerful doctor, so he is called three. Yong is the name of a poem in The Book of Songs. When Zhou Tianzi offered sacrifices to the ancestral temple, he sang this poem in order to withdraw the sacrifice.
Lu Jun didn't give an order, but three North Korean doctors, Uncle Sun and others sang poems from The Book of Songs at the end of the ceremony to withdraw their sacrifices. This is a poem that the emperor can only use to worship the ancestral temple. Confucius quoted two poems by Yong to criticize the deviant behavior of the three schools. In Yong's poem, he said: "Respect each other as guests, and the emperor is speechless." That is to say, at the time of sacrifice, the emperor is the chief sacrifice, and the descendants of Xia and Shang kings and governors of various countries are accompanying sacrifices. The emperor looked gentle and silent at the main sacrifice, but Zhuang Jing remained the same after the sacrifice, so at the end of the ceremony, he praised Yong's poem and took it back. These two poems are now used in the hall of three ancestor worshippers. Where are the princes in the temple? Is the temple not an emperor? What is the significance of singing poems in harmony? Where are the three factions qualified to withdraw grain with harmony poems?
Zhangzhi
This chapter refers to the arrogance of the three factions, which is the reason why the Spring and Autumn Period became troubled times.
3. Confucius said: people are ruthless and polite. If people are heartless, what is there to be happy about?
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: Without kindness and self-cultivation, a person will not have virtues such as humility, respect for others and harmony. Even if such a person salutes and plays music, it has no substantive significance. Therefore, if a person is ungrateful, courtesy can't help him. If a person is ungrateful and involuntarily, he is a heartless person who can't salute or play music.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is also written for Ji's family. He used the king's rites and music arrogantly, but ignored the king's eyes. His inner desire is surging, and he is heartless, and neither music nor music can help him. Confucius said: If people are heartless, what is a gift? What's the fun of being heartless? 4. Fang Lin asked the essence of the ceremony. Confucius said: Big question. Ceremony, not luxury, is quite frugal. Sadness is greater than heart death. Vernacular interpretation
Word, Lu people, 72-year-old grandson of Bi Gan, was a proud disciple of Confucius in his later years.
Lu people asked Confucius what the essence of "ceremony" was. Confucius praised his good question, gave him a little funeral and answered the fundamental question. For example, courtesy is based on honesty, and it is better to be frugal than extravagant, and extravagance is dishonest. Frugality loses its sincerity and gains its roots. Mourning, rather than orderly but unreasonable, is better than mourning, which can get its roots.
Zhangzhi
Confucius explained that the essence of etiquette lies in quality, not in writing, but in simplicity, not luxury.
5. Confucius said: It is better to have a monarch in a suitable place than to die in the summer.
Vernacular interpretation
Yidi, the collective name of ancient Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman and Beidi, are all uneducated foreigners. Summer refers to China, which generally refers to countries with high culture in the Central Plains.
Confucius said: the land is a foreign country. Although it is not enlightened by rites and music, it still has its own monarch, which is different from other countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. China has had the way of rites and music since ancient times, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes did not obey the Zhou Emperor, which led to the doctor's autocratic power, without father and monarch, and those who killed their father had monarch. Although there are rites and music, it is useless, and Confucius feels it.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is for losers. And it's also the chaos of master injury.
6. Visit Mount Tai. The son said that You Ran once said: Women can be saved. Yes: no. Confucius said: Alas, it is said that Mount Tai is not as good as Fang Lin.
Vernacular interpretation
Travel is the name of ancient sacrifice. It is an unusual sacrifice, and it will only be held when there are important things. Jade articles dedicated to heaven are displayed on several tables and buried in prayer. The son of heaven worships the five mountains in the world, namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Hengshan in Nanyue. The five mountains were sacrificed by the emperor, but if the sacred mountain is in that country, the monarch can also sacrifice. Mount Tai is in the land of Luqi, so King Luqi can offer sacrifices.
Dr. Lu is going to worship Mount Tai. However, the world is famous for its mountains and rivers, and only the son of heaven can offer sacrifices, while Lu Jun and Qi Jun can offer sacrifices in its territory. Ji is just a doctor of Lu, and he is also going to worship Mount Tai. This is a serious trespass. At that time, Ran Qiu was a writer of the Jishi family. Confucius asked You Ran that you were his retainer. Can you persuade him to save the situation? Ran couldn't answer, and Confucius sighed and said, Isn't the God of Mount Tai better? Ordinary people, like Fang Lin, know the root of asking questions, but the God of Mount Tai doesn't know the ceremony. Only when the sacrifice conforms to the ceremony will God accept it, otherwise it will not be accepted. Will Taishan accept Ji's arrogance? Isn't Taishan God better than Fang Lin?
Zhangzhi
This chapter scoffs at the indecent photos of Ji's sacrifice to Mount Tai, but it's Mount Tai instead of Ji. His words are gentle, but they are enough to warn people.
Confucius said: alas! Someone once said that Taishan is not as good as Fang Lin!
7. Confucius said: If a gentleman has no dispute, he will shoot it. Bow your head and drink. Its struggle is also a gentleman.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: A gentleman is in the world, and there is no dispute with others. If you have to ask a gentleman what he is arguing about, it is archery. The shooting ceremony was held in class. Bow to each other before playing and bow to each other after the game. After the shooting competition, when there is a winner, the winner holds a hip flask and pours two glasses of wine. The loser is invited to drink first, and the winner is accompanied to express his condolences. The fight between gentlemen is just to show one's artistic talent when shooting arrows, which is called the fight for the right. Although the struggle is graceful and condescending, it is different from the villain, so it is also a gentleman.
Zhangzhi
This chapter says that the shooting ceremony has the wind of a gentleman.
8. Xia Zi asked, "I'm smart, smiling, and my eyes are full of expectations. I always thought it was gorgeous. " Nothing. Confucius said: After painting. Say: After the ceremony. Confucius said: Only when you give it to a businessman can you begin to speak in poetry.
Vernacular interpretation
Reading the Book of Songs in midsummer, I read three poems, "I always thought it was gorgeous when I smiled skillfully and looked forward to it." These three poems describe how beautiful a woman is when she smiles. She smiles very smartly and has a nest on her cheek! The intoxicating eyes turned black and white, very flexible, how beautiful! Such good cheeks, such beautiful eyes, have the beauty of smiling and expecting to be moved. When Xia Zi read these three poems, he asked Confucius what he meant by saying "I think it is gorgeous". Confucius answered Xia Zi with the metaphor of painting. Before painting, a piece of white silk or silk should be laid, such as the drawing paper used by later painters. This is called plain land. Painting can only be done on this plain after paving, so painting is behind the plain. Sue is a metaphor of a beautiful woman's cheeks and beautiful eyes, which is a beautiful quality. Painting is a metaphor for smiling and expecting to be moved, which is a beautiful gesture. Beauty comes first, then beauty, just like painting on the flat ground. Confucius used painting as a metaphor for poetry. In summer, he learned etiquette from poetry. Therefore, he said: after loyalty, loyalty is the subject of etiquette, and loyalty is the premise of learning etiquette. It's no use learning manners for disloyal and unbelieving people. Confucius then praised Xia Zi for inventing Confucius' meaning, reading between the lines and talking with him about poetry.
Zhangzhi
Xia Zi asked about the meaning of poetry, and we can understand the process of "ceremony" from Confucius' metaphor.
9. Confucius: I can talk about Li Xia, but I don't need to sign it; Yin can talk, but Song is not smart enough. Lack of literature. That's enough, then I can collect it. Vernacular interpretation
Qi is a country descended from Xia Dynasty. Song State is a descendant of Yin Dynasty.
Confucius said: I can tell the etiquette system of the Xia Dynasty, but I want to be proved. But Qi, the descendant of Xia Dynasty, is not enough to prove it. I think I can be said to be a courtesy of the Yin Dynasty. However, Song State, the descendant of Shang Dynasty, is not enough to prove it. The reason why Qi and Song Dynasties are not enough to prove it is because Xia and Yin Dynasties have long since perished, and the sage who can know the culture of Xia Dynasty should be in Qi State. The sage who can know the culture of Yin Dynasty should be in Song State. However, it was difficult to find such a saint in the Qi and Song Dynasties, so the literature was insufficient. If the literature is sufficient, that is to say, if there are such sages, then I can prove the courtesy of Yan Xia with them.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is Confucius lamenting the loss of etiquette in Xia and Yin Dynasties. Because of lack of literature, there is no evidence. Although Confucius can know and speak, he still requires documents, and it must be a credit report. It can be seen that Confucius' words must be proved.
10. Confucius said: Hey, I don't want to see those who have fallen.
Vernacular interpretation
This ceremony was a great sacrifice to the ancestral temple by the emperor. Zhou Gongdan, the ancestor of the State of Lu, made great contributions to the world, and Zhou Chengwang specially allowed the State of Lu to sacrifice the Duke of Zhou with the rites and music of the Emperor, so there was a ceremony at the Duke of Zhou Temple in the State of Lu.
Filling ceremony means that when a sacrifice is held in the ancestral temple, the living will put on the clothes of their ancestors and sit there on behalf of them. "Filling ceremony" is to give the wine filtered by tulip grass to the person who plays the ancestor, then pour the wine on the ground and invite the ancestor to the occasion of sacrifice. This is the filling ceremony.
Solution 1
Confucius said: In the sacrificial ceremony, the god of ancestors should be invited first, and then the formal sacrifice should be made. Sacrifice should be arranged in order, with Zhao on the left and Mu on the right. According to the ritual system, Lu Jun's sacrificial order should be Lu Yingong, Huan Gong, Zhuang Gong, Gong Min, Xi Gong and Wen Gong, but then the ritual system was chaotic, which was a reverse sacrifice. So, after the ceremony, I don't want to watch it anymore.
Solution 2
Confucius said: When the ceremony was held in Lu, after the ceremony, the monarch of Lu and his subjects were uneasy and tired, and they didn't want to see it any more.
Solution 3
Confucius said: The monarch of Lu can sacrifice to the Duke of Zhou, which is a special gift from the Emperor of Zhou. But later, Lu Jun not only offered sacrifices to Duke Zhou, but also offered sacrifices to Duke Huan. Later, he even abused the ceremony to the monarchies of past dynasties, which was impolite and I didn't want to see it.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is about the indecent behavior of sacrificing Qilu.
1 1. Or ask me. Confucius said: I don't know. Knowing the speaker is for the world and likes to show it. At your fingertips.
Vernacular interpretation
Someone asked Confucius how to explain the ritual of sacrifice. Confucius replied that he didn't know, and then stretched out his hand and told the man that whoever knew the theory of etiquette would show such complicated things in the world. When it comes to "showing the masters", Confucius pointed his other hand at his outstretched palm, which means that he knows everything about the world like a palm print.
Zhangzhi
This chapter says that it is also a courtesy for ministers to ward off evil spirits.
12. Sacrifice to God as if he were there. Confucius said: If I don't sacrifice, I won't sacrifice.
Vernacular interpretation
Regardless of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, sacrifices should be made as if ghosts and gods were in front of us. Sacrificing ghosts, imagining that ancestors are in front of us. Sacrifice to god, and the god you imagine with all your heart is in front of you. Such dedication and sacrifice can only be enjoyed by ghosts and gods. Confucius said: if I can't attend the sacrifice in person because of illness or illness, but find someone to represent me, I can't imagine it with all my heart and soul, and I can't feel it, so the sacrifice made by others is like no sacrifice.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that Confucius attached great importance to offering sacrifices to relatives. Imagine that only when sincere respect is mentioned at present will there be induction.
13. Wang asked: What is it rather than remembering the Olympics? Confucius said: Otherwise, God forbid you to ask for anything.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius traveled around the world and was respected by Wei Linggong when he defended his country. Gong Ling's wife, Nanzi, has a bad character, but she is very talented. She wants to use the name of Confucius to expand her momentum and summon Confucius. Confucius saw it. Wang misunderstood that Confucius came to defend and seek official position, so he asked Confucius, "What do you mean by being more attractive to the stove than to Austria?" ? Wang compared Nanzi to Austria and compared himself to a stove, which meant to tell Confucius that you might as well ask me if Wang wanted Nanzi. Confucius said, this is not true. If a person wants to get something for nothing, the evil he creates offends God, and he will be punished by God, so there is nowhere to pray to avoid disaster.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is about the master's advance and retreat, not seeking flattery.
14. Confucius said: Zhou Jian is the second generation and he is depressed. I am from Zhou.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: When the Duke of Zhou formulated the Book of Rites, he observed the rites of Xia and Shang Dynasties and added and deleted them to make it a complete Book of Rites, that is, both the essence and the provisions were taken into account. Will not exceed, will not fall behind. This is the right middle way. Therefore, to run politics, we must follow the ceremony.
Zhangzhi
This chapter says that Zhou Li's ritual system was formulated by investigating Xia and Shang Dynasties, which is very complete.
15. Zi entered the ancestral temple and asked everything. Or: Who is the son of a man who knows manners? Into the ancestral temple, ask everything. Wen Zi said after hearing this, this is a gift.
Vernacular interpretation
When Confucius entered the Zhougong Temple to observe the ceremony, he saw the contents of things in the temple, such as ritual vessels, sacrifices, ceremonies, musical instruments, music and dance, music performances, etc., and asked them one by one. Some people say that Zou Ren's son (Congo, the father of Confucius, used to be a doctor in Zou Yi, so Zou Ren's son refers to Confucius) knows the ceremony. When you enter the ancestral temple, you should ask people everything, and don't ask anyone who knows the ceremony. Hearing this, Confucius said, this question is a gift, because it is rare for Lu to sacrifice to the ancestral temple and use four generations of rites and music. So the master is careful in everything. In addition, Confucius came to pay homage not only to observe the ceremony, but also to learn or spread the meaning of Xi. Everything can be asked, this is the gift.
Zhangzhi
This chapter states the master's caution and humility, and also discusses Lu's blasphemy.
16. Confucius said: the main skin can't be shot. For different subjects, the ancient way is also.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: Shooting ceremony is a kind of learning etiquette, so as long as you hit the target, you don't need to penetrate the skin, or even it doesn't matter at all. Because everyone's strength is different, it is this spirit to hold archery competitions to learn etiquette in ancient times.
Zhangzhi
Confucius explained that in ancient times, ritual shooting had nothing to do with power, unlike people today, who had to shoot through leather armor. Confucius disagreed, because it did not conform to the ancient spirit of competition, so since ancient times.
17. Zigong wants to tell Xinyang. Confucius said: Give it to me, I love my sheep, and I love my gifts.
Vernacular interpretation
In the winter of the ancient emperor, every month's political affairs have been written into decrees, also known as the new moon government, also known as the monthly order book, which was sent to the princes. After receiving this, the princes hid in the ancestral hall. From January of the new year, on the first day of each month, they would present a ewe to the ancestral hall, that is, a killed but uncooked sheep with a fishy smell, and then hunt it down in court. In addition, the son of heaven himself holds a new moon ceremony on the first day of each month. According to the Spring and Autumn Annals, Duke Wen of Lu was away from Shuo for six years. Sixteen years later, Jin Wengong refused to see the new moon four times because of illness. After Wen Gong, Lu Jun's gift of saying New Moon was gradually abandoned by broadmindedness. Later, although Lu Jun didn't tell Yueyue, the company still sent a ewe to the ancestral temple on the first day of each month.
Zi Gong thought that since there was no ceremony to inform the new moon, why did he provide a sheep? Zi Gong couldn't bear to watch it die, so he wanted to get rid of the sheep that told Crescent Moon. In the name of Zigong, Confucius said: Give, you love a sheep, and I love the gift of the new moon. Confucius believes that if we continue to sacrifice sheep every month, ordinary people can still know the season from this. Later generations can still see this sheep and know that there is a gift to tell the new moon, so they can take it from textual research. Therefore, the ceremony has not been completely abolished without herding sheep. Once the sheep are removed, the ceremony will be completely abandoned. So Confucius said, I love to talk about the new moon ceremony.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that Confucius did not want to abolish the gift of notifying the new moon, and keeping this gift can prevent the powerful ministers from committing crimes below.
18. Confucius said: What you do, others think it is flattering. ?
Vernacular interpretation
At that time, the king of Lu was weak and strong, and Sanhuan was arrogant and rude, and even more arrogantly used the emperor's rites and music. So Confucius said: people at that time were not successful, but they thought it was flattering to do everything for the monarch. Although others are impolite, I still serve you according to the ceremony.
Zhangzhi
This chapter was rude when I was sick and I was in charge of you.
19. ding gong asked: if the monarch lets the messenger and the minister serves the monarch? Confucius said, "The monarch makes the minister polite, and the minister is loyal to him." .
Vernacular interpretation
Lu is the 25th monarch of Lu. He is Lu's younger brother, and Lu succeeded to the throne for fifteen years.
Lu asked Confucius: How should a monarch lead and use his officials? How should courtiers serve the monarch? Confucius said to Lu: A monarch should treat his officials with courtesy and do everything according to the rules formulated by the state. Servants should be loyal to the monarch and do their duty. That is, the monarch and the minister meet and do their own things.
Zhangzhi
When I am rude, I will suffer from it. Confucius told monarchs and ministers to do their own thing.
20. Confucius said: Guan Yuxi is not lewd, but sad but not hurt.
Vernacular interpretation
Guanju is the first poem in The Book of Songs. It says that I have got a young lady and thought she was a concubine. The poem begins with "Guan Yu." With the harmony of pheasant pigeons, the poet suggested that Wang Siwei wanted a concubine. Empresses and concubines must be virtuous, and they should take shepherd's purse to the ancestral temple for sacrifice, so they beg their wives and think it is right for them. After getting it, the bells and drums are all happy. If you can't get what you want, you will feel sorry for yourself and even toss and turn. However, happiness is for the pleasure of getting help from his wife, and sadness is for not getting help from his wife. Music is just bell and drum music, and sadness is just tossing and turning, not too much. Therefore, when Confucius commented on this poem, he expressed mixed feelings of sadness and joy. It was not obscene or harmful, and it was correct. So cautious in asking for a spouse. Therefore, the preface of the poem thinks that it can persuade the world and correct the relationship between husband and wife.
Confucius said: Guan Ju's poems talk about happiness but not too much, and talk about sadness without hurting.
Zhangzhi
In this chapter, Confucius praised Guan Ju's article, and his sorrow and joy continued unabated.
2 1. Mourn for the public and ask the agency to kill me. Kill me and say: pine, Yin people are cypress, Zhou people are chestnut. Say: it makes people tremble. Wen Zi listened and said, If you don't tell me what you did, you won't protest. Let bygones be bygones.
Vernacular interpretation
My surname is zai, my name is Yu, the word Zi I, a native of Lu, a disciple of Confucius, and a good word.
Country: In ancient times, when offering sacrifices to the land god, a tree should be set up as the support of the god, which is called the master of the country.
In June 2004, a fire broke out in a club in Lu Aigong. On the surface, Aigong wants to form another club owner and ask me about it. In fact, he wanted to kill three powerful ministers, but he was afraid to say. I know what it means to kill me, and I also answer the funeral in code. The butcher said: the wood used by the owner is pine in summer, cypress in shade and millet in week. As I said, using millet means making people tremble with fear, that is, they can be punished by answering three questions. When Confucius heard the question and answer about mourning the public for killing me, he said that the situation of mourning the public for losing government and monopolizing the power of the three families has a long history. It's no use talking about it. It's a foregone conclusion. There's no need to talk about it. Moreover, things have developed to a certain extent. Although things haven't been done, they can't be redeemed, so don't persuade them again. These three families have achieved what they want. It's too late for me to remonstrate with Aigong today, so I might as well not remonstrate. Although what I said about the funeral letter was inappropriate, or I was afraid of hurting lujun and Confucius, I have said that I won't blame me.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that the three generations each gave priority to suitable wood, and killed me at an inappropriate time and made a mistake. Although Confucius said let bygones be bygones, he was actually covering up his gaffes.
23. Confucius said: Guan Zhong's instrument is small. Or: Guan Zhong is frugal. Yue: If you shut your house three times, you can't be frugal. However, Guan Zhong knows etiquette. Yue: the monarch tree blocks the door, and the Guan family also blocks the door; The monarch is the goodness of the two monarchs, and there are objections, as well as those of Guan Jia. When you are in charge, you know manners, but you don't know manners.
Vernacular interpretation
Guan Zhong, Ji surname, Guan Shi, Yi Wu, the word Zhong. He is a descendant of a politician and philosopher of Qi State. Although Guan Zhong was only a minister of Qi, he was regarded as a model of prime minister in the history of China. Doctor Lu Shibo told Duke Zhuang of Lu that Guan Zhong was a saint in the world and was very successful. At that time, Gai thought Guan Zhong was a great player, so the master argued.
Confucius said: Guan Zhong's measurement is small. Someone heard about it and mistakenly thought it was frugality. Confucius said: Guan Zhong has returned from the imperial court to three palaces, all with Zhong Ding, curtains and other equipment and many treasures given by the monarch. Moreover, the three places are equipped with ministers in charge, each with a post, and each does not work part-time, which violates the etiquette that doctors are not allowed to set up officials in everything, and it is extravagant and not frugal to let one official take the rest. The third attribute is given by the monarch, comity and elders and has to be accepted. Some people think that Guan Zhong knows etiquette, so Confucius gave an example to distinguish his impoliteness. The monarch is different inside and outside, and the tree screen is outside the door Now Guan Zhong is also like a man who blocks the fence with a tree screen. This shows that Guan Zhong's arrogance is not inferior, and it is also a proof that he is small and easy to get. In addition, when a banquet is held between the monarchs of the two countries, a table will be placed between the two pillars. The host will entertain the guests with wine and give them a drink before the party. After drinking, everyone will take turns to put his cup on the table, which is called anti-burial. This anti-Jue burial platform is only available to the monarch, Guan Zhong is only a doctor, and there is also an anti-Jue burial platform in the class. It is impolite to abuse it. If Guan Zhong is polite, who will be rude?
Although Confucius once praised Guan Zhong, saying: Guan Zhong is a micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-micro-which means that its device is small. Is to blame its extravagance, arrogance and rudeness.
Zhangzhi
This chapter thinks that Guan Zhong is small and extravagant.
24. Master Lu of Yu Zi is very happy: I am very happy to know this. Initiate, as if also; What we get from it is the same purity, the same beauty and the same beauty.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius told great musicians in Shandong that the truth of music is probably knowable. When you start playing, just like a bird flying for the first time, you must close its wings first, that is, when you start playing, the bells and drums must ring first, the rhythm corresponds, and the sound is exciting and enthusiastic, just like the intersection of heaven and earth. Since the bell is rung, the five tones and eight tones are played in unison, and they blend with each other, the music will be released from now on, just like the wind and rain in nature. After the development of music, the upper corner of the bow is harmonious, but the syllables of various instruments are clear and distinct, and they are not confused with each other, and bells, drums, gongs and musical instruments will not infringe each other. At the end of the music performance, there is an ending and the sound is lingering. A set of music will be completed in this process.
Zhangzhi
Confucius defended himself against Lu. At this time, the ceremony of Lu collapsed and the pronunciation did not exist. Confucius saw Lu's joy, talked about it, and made him know how to pronounce it.
25. Please meet Yi and say: As for a gentleman, I have never met him. Judging from the followers. Chu said, "Second and third sons, why do you suffer from mourning?" . There is no way in the world for a long time, and heaven takes the Lord as Muduo.
Vernacular interpretation
I: It is said that when Confucius traveled around the world to defend his country, he became a border guard in Yidi, which borders Jin in the northwest of defending his country. Or a master who didn't want to be named, so his name was not recorded.
I sent someone to see Confucius, for fear that Confucius' disciples would not introduce me, I said that whenever a virtuous gentleman came to my place, I would never meet. After listening to Feng Ren's request, the disciples who followed Confucius introduced Feng Ren to Confucius. When Feng Ren saw that Confucius resigned, he said to his disciples: Why are you worried that Confucius will lose his position as a general of Lu? There is no road in the world for a long time, and extreme decline will surely flourish. Heaven will order Confucius to legislate to order the world.
Zhangzhi
This chapter records people's criticism of Confucius at that time. It is predicted that Confucius will preach and teach and solve doubts for generations.
26. My son's name is Shao, and he is beautiful and nice. It is said that martial arts is perfect, but it is not perfect.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius commented that Shun Di's music was both beautiful and perfect. King Wu's music is also beautiful, but it is not perfect. Being merry is the merit of being king and winning the world, and it must be consistent with the facts. Shun's world is full of Zen and tranquility, so its movement is magnificent, graceful and silent, not only in tone and dance, but also in spirit, so it is perfect. The prince of Wu won the world because of cutting. He likes playing, and the music and dance are very beautiful. However, there is still the sound of war in the music. Therefore, his music is not perfect because it is not harmonious.
However, the attack on Zhou was highly praised by Confucius and Mencius. Here, it refers to the happiness of King Wu, not the virtue of King Wu.
Zhangzhi
This chapter discusses the happiness of Shao and Wu.
27. Confucius said: it is not wide to live in, it is disrespectful to be polite, and it is not sad to lose. How can I check it?
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: people who live in high places should be measured by generosity. If they are not generous, they will hurt kindness. If the people don't kiss, they will be unpopular. Salute should be based on respect. Without respect, dignity and following the ritual of advance and retreat are not enough. If people don't respect it, they will lose the meaning of the ceremony. When you mourn, you should feel sad. If you don't feel sad, then you are heartless. A master has this three lost, and this person is not worth watching.
Zhangzhi
Confucius said that everything should be business-oriented. On the basis of leniency, respect and mourning.