Answers to various question types in modern literature reading
One question type related to language and rhetoric:
1 Description type
Questions Method: Is a word in a sentence replaced by another line? Why? Or: Is it good to say a certain sentence of the article into another sentence? Why?
Answer mode: No. Because the word writes + object + effect vividly and concretely (imagery and accurately), after changing it, it becomes + bad effect. Or: No, because the word has a stronger feeling than the other word (or the word is more relevant to the subject's personality traits than the other word).
2 Structure category
Questioning method: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?
Answer mode: No. Because (1) it is inconsistent with the way people understand things (from shallow to deep, from surface to interior, from phenomenon to essence) (2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above (3) These words are in a progressive relationship, They are interlocking and express...
3 Rhetoric type
Questioning method: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the benefits of writing like this in terms of expression?
Answer mode: Confirm the rhetorical technique + the role of rhetoric itself + combine the sentence context
1. Metaphor, personification: vividly write + object + characteristics.
2. Paralleling: imposing, strengthening the tone, and finishing in one go; spreading out layer by layer, gradually expanding, strengthening the main point, etc.; emphasizing + object + characteristics
3 . Contrast: emphasize... highlight...
4. Question: draw readers' attention and thinking about + object + characteristics
5. Rhetorical question: emphasize, strengthen tone, etc. ;
6. Repeat: emphasize + strengthen tone
2. Question types related to layout and planning:
Questioning method: a certain sentence (paragraph) What role does it play in the text?
Answer mode:
1. The beginning of the article: opening the topic; echoing the title; leading to the full text; exaggerating the atmosphere, laying the groundwork; setting up suspense, and providing support for the following.
2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above; echo the previous text.
3. The end of the article: points out the center; sublimates the feelings and deepens the theme; echoes the beginning, has a rigorous structure; adds the finishing touch; is complete in words but infinite in meaning.
3. Question types about expression techniques:
1 Art category
Questioning method: What are the benefits, effects, and functions of writing the article this way?
Answer mode: method + content + effect (or function)
2 person type
Questioning method: What are the benefits of using this person type of writing? ? Or: Why change the person's pronoun?
Answer mode: First person: cordial, natural, real, suitable for psychological description; second person: convenient for emotional communication, expressing emotions, and can also play a role in personification; third person: appearing objective and calm, not Limited by time and space, it is convenient for narrative and discussion.
4. Question types about summarizing the key points of the content:
Questioning method: Please summarize the key points of a certain paragraph (or the full text).
Answer mode: divided into three steps, the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract key words, and the third step is to integrate the answers.
5. Question types about appreciating character images:
Questioning method: Please briefly analyze the image of the protagonist in the article
Answer mode: According to the total score (points total) to answer. First use one sentence to make a qualitative analysis of the character as a whole, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; you can also first make a quantitative analysis from several aspects, and then use one sentence to make a qualitative summary.
Inductive guidance on expression skills analysis and terminology in modern reading of modern literature
1. Narrator person
1. First person: The narration is cordial and natural, and can express thoughts and feelings freely , giving readers a real and vivid feeling.
2. Second person: Enhance the lyricism and intimacy of the article and facilitate emotional communication.
3. Third person: It can show the rich and colorful life more directly and objectively, without being limited by time and space, and it can reflect reality more flexibly and freely.
2. Narration method
1. Sequential narration: able to describe clearly in a certain order (time or space).
2. Flashback: creates suspense and is fascinating.
3. Narration: Make necessary foreshadowing and supplementary explanations for the main plot or central event to make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous, and the content more substantial.
4. Supplementary narration: Supplementary explanation of the above content and some explanation of the following.
5. Flat narrative: Commonly known as "a flower blooms on two branches, one on each side" (refers to describing two or more things that happened at the same time) to make the clues clear and to respond appropriately.
3. Description
In general, description has the following functions: ① Reproduce natural scenery. ②Describe the character’s appearance and inner world. ③Explain the natural and social environment in which the characters move.
1. Character portraits, action descriptions, and psychological descriptions: better show the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters.
2. Scenery description: Describe the natural scenery in detail, create an atmosphere, and highlight the characters' emotions and thoughts.
3. Description of the environment and scenes: explain the background of the characters' activities, indicate the time and place of the events, exaggerate the atmosphere, and better express the characters.
4. Character dialogue description, psychological description, and detailed description: depict the character's personality, reflect the character's psychological activities, and promote the development of the storyline. You can also describe the character's voice and receive a special effect.
5. Frontal description and side description: the front directly expresses the characters and things; the side highlights the characters and things.
4. Rhetoric
1. Metaphor: Turn the plain into vivid, the profound into the simple, and the abstract into the concrete.
2. Analogy: giving things human form and emotion (referring to personification), describing vivid images and rich expressions.
3. Metaphorism: use simplicity to replace complexity, use reality to replace emptiness, use strangeness to replace ordinary.
4. Exaggeration: to heighten the atmosphere, enhance the appeal, and enhance the association; create the atmosphere, reveal the essence, and give people inspiration.
5. Duality: easy to recite and remember, giving the words a sense of music; concise expressions and smooth lyricism.
6. Parallelism: clear rhythm, concentrated content, enhanced momentum; thorough narrative, detailed analysis; good at lyricism.
7. Repetition: The lyrical description of the scene has strong appeal; connects the previous and the following, distinguishes the layers; emphasizes many times, leaving a deep impression on people.
8. Contrast: Make the characteristics of things expressed or the principles and viewpoints explained more vivid and prominent.
9. Ask questions: Ask and answer yourself, raise questions, and trigger readers' thinking.
10. Rhetorical question: emphasize the tone, strong tone, and strengthen the emotion.
5. Structural Arrangement
Techniques in plot planning: straight to the point, echoing from beginning to end, revealing ambitions at the end, echoing with foreshadowing, going deep layer by layer, excessive foreshadowing, setting up clues; strict structure, complete and well-proportioned ; To set the stage, to take care of the front and back; to set up suspense, create waves, ups and downs, and twists and turns. The relationship between the material and the center is handled appropriately, and whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate; whether the material is typical, authentic, novel, and powerful.
Narratives are often arranged in terms of time passage, space transformation, scene changes, logical order of thinking, etc. The following are the common clues for prose conception: using emotion as a clue; using reason as a clue; using objects as a clue; and using spatial location as a clue.
Structurally, clarify the role of sentences at different positions in the text:
1. The first sentence - governs the whole text, outlines the main points, leads to the following, and foreshadows and buries the following. Foreshadowing;
2. The last sentence - summarizes the whole text, deepens the theme, echoes the above, echoes back and forth, is full of words and endless meaning, and has a profound aftertaste.
3. Transition sentence - connecting the previous and the following, transitioning, inheriting the above and leading to the following;
4. Central sentence - pointing out the center and revealing the main idea;
< p>5. The key sentence - points out the center of the whole text and guides the whole text; the sentence is profound and thought-provoking, and can inspire people after reading.6. Emotional sentences - expressing strong inner emotions and speaking directly from the heart;
7. Contradictory sentences - literally contradictory, but the author has a profound intention . Reveal profound connotations and express profound insights.
6. Analyze the meaning of the sentence starting with the way of expression:
1. Discussions in narratives often play the finishing touch and reveal the purpose and meaning of the narrative;
2. Narratives in argumentative essays often serve as examples;
3. The description and literary style in explanatory essays play a role in coloring the work and making it more vivid and vivid.
4. The writing method of combining narrative and discussion, and the cross-use of narrative and discussion, makes the article analyze the discussion in a light and lively manner, making it interesting to read and deeply instructive. The narrative in the article is for discussion. Serving, and the argument is based on narrative, which provides a factual basis for the argument, making the argument well-founded and highly persuasive.
7. Language
1. Is the language accurate, concise, vivid and vivid?
2. What is the unique language style (humorous, pungent, plain and simple)? , natural, concise and lively, implicit and profound, etc.);
3. What unique rhetorical techniques are used (metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, synaesthesia, etc.).
8. Expression Techniques
1. Symbol, using a specific thing to express some abstract concept, thought or emotion, characterized by using the relationship between the symbol and the symbolized thing A certain feature (content) of the text is expressed implicitly and vividly, which enhances the expressiveness of the article. The symbolic technique of "relying on things" is also "using one thing to express another", and the main idea is implicit but not explicit, and hidden but not obscure.
2. Setting off means not directly describing the main characters or things, but describing their background and related people or things to make their image stand out. In addition to The use of contrast can not only make the main image more vivid, but also make the article twists and turns, subtle and unique.
3. First suppress and then increase, arousing curiosity, paving the way for emotions, arousing curiosity.
4. In describing things, the author very skillfully expresses his personal emotions and ideas, integrating his feelings into things to express his inner feelings. Emotions, implicitness, philosophy and suggestiveness enable readers to gain unique aesthetic enjoyment in their appreciation.
5. Use scenery to express emotions, and use the description of scenery to set off the author's emotions of joy or sadness.
6. The combination of virtual and real can grasp the key points and highlight the essential characteristics of things, thereby portraying the character of the character more vividly, highlighting the characteristics of things and scenery, and revealing the theme more concentratedly. The structure is compact and the writing is concentrated.
7. Dynamic and static complement each other, dynamic contrasts with stillness, static contrasts with dynamic, vivid contrasting effect, complementing each other.
8. See the big from the small, reflect the major themes from ordinary and subtle things, highlight the center, and be more shocking.
9. Rendering, rendering means that the author uses various aspects of the character's appearance, behavior, psychology, language or events, environment, scenery, etc. to focus on the description and highlight the characteristics of the person or thing. Essential characteristics, an expression technique used to deepen the theme. Setting off means not directly describing the main characters or things, but describing their background and related people or things to make their image stand out. This writing method not only uses contrast to make the main image more vivid, but also makes the article twists and turns, subtle and unique. Comparing it, we can find the difference between the two: rendering lies in the intentional heavy-color and splash-ink description of something; foil, on the other hand, plays a role in setting off the thing through the description of other things related to it. The two also overlap, that is, the author sometimes uses rendering to serve as a foil; other things used to set off can also be described using rendering.
10. Associative imagination. The so-called association is the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another. The so-called imagination is the process of creating a new image based on the original perceptual image. Associative imagination is often used together, which can make the content of the article richer, the image more full and vivid, and increase the artistic expression of the article.
9. Argumentative argumentation methods
1. Metaphorical argumentation, its function is to embody abstract truths in concrete images, making the truth easy to understand, explain profound things in a simple way, and make it easy for others to understand. accept.
2. Argument by analogy, which is an argumentation method that compares two similar things by telling stories and making analogies, so as to draw new conclusions naturally from one to the other. It uses the shallow to express the deep, and uses the near to compare the far. It has a vivid image and is very persuasive.
3. Use examples to demonstrate and use solid and typical facts to prove your arguments. Facts speak louder than words and are very persuasive.
4. Comparative argument, use positive and negative examples or truths to compare, prove the argument in the comparison, a sharp contrast, right and wrong, right and wrong, clear right and wrong, which is impressive.
5. Citing arguments, authoritative, and strong arguments.
6. Extended argumentation, through careful analysis of the causes or results of the matter, and layer-by-layer analysis, thereby proving the correctness, rationality, and profoundness of the argument.
10. Tips on answering skills
1. Most of the expression skills questions in the college entrance examination are subjective questions, which require accurate expressions of organized text. The expression can be expressed in three paragraphs: technique, content, and effect. That is, what techniques are used, what content is expressed, and what effect is achieved.
2. Multiple perspectives: detailed analysis. Some passages display more than one expression skill, and the role (effect) cannot be explained in one or two sentences. Moreover, the word limit on college entrance examination questions has been lifted. If time permits, we can completely Start from multiple angles and analyze it piece by piece to give a more comprehensive and detailed answer. Especially when answering general questions with high scores, be sure to answer with serial numbers such as ①②③. This is clear and understandable, showing the depth and breadth of the answer and making it clear to the marking teacher at a glance.
3. Terminology:
First, remember the names of some frequently used expression techniques, such as contrasting movement and stillness, seeing the big from the small, combining virtual and real, and expressing desire first. Suppression, supporting things to express ambitions, connecting the past and the next, expressing ambitions at the end of chapters, expressing one's feelings directly, highlighting, contrasting, symbolizing, contrasting, etc.;
Second, we must understand the functions of some common techniques, such as the function of metaphors to turn the ordinary into Vivid, turn the profound into the simple, turn the abstract into the concrete; the function of parallelism is to have a clear rhythm, enhance the momentum, and facilitate expression; the first person is real, the second person is kind, and the third person is objective;
Third, you need to understand some common programs , such as what is reflected, what is emphasized, what is strengthened, what is created, what is expressed, what is deepened, what is pointed out, etc.
Techniques for reading and answering questions in modern texts
< p>Basic answers to common question typesThe first type of beginning has a role in the following or the role of the whole text.
1. Explain the time, place and background or set the tone of the whole text.
2. Lead to the following through foil and foreshadowing.
3. Describe a certain scene. The phenomenon serves as the basis for the discussion and lyricism in the following article. The original text may correspond to it.
4. Contrast with the following to make the following content more prominent.
5. Arouse readers’ curiosity, attract readers’ interest, and stimulate readers’ desire to read the following.
The second reason why you should write (or write in detail) these contents
1. Why you should write (or write in detail) these contents is actually to ask about the relationship between the selection of materials and the center. Obviously, writing these contents is to express, prove, highlight and emphasize the main point. If you ask why you write in detail, the basic idea is that writing in detail can express the main idea more concretely, vividly, fully, and comprehensively.
2. You can think about it from a structural perspective, that is, this part is written to echo, set off, contrast, etc. with the previous (maybe the beginning) or the back (maybe the end).
The third type of article "explaining from..." How to explain?
1. Generally, the topic is introduced by...
2. Use a certain example to illustrate the meaning of the topic.
3. Do deep exploration or association.
4. Discuss, reflect and view dialectically.
The fourth type: What are the benefits (or effects) of using the first person (or second or third person)?
1. First person, the advantage is that it is convenient to narrate the story. It serves as a clue to facilitate psychological description, expression of emotions, etc.;
2. Second person, it shortens the distance with the reader and facilitates expression. Emotional, appears cordial.
3. The third person increases the distance from the reader, which facilitates discussion. Because discussion needs to be calm, "you" is often used when expressing emotions. "He" is often used when discussing.
The fifth method is to appreciate and evaluate the selection and writing method of literary meaning
1. A commonly used term is "seeing the big from the small", that is, to reflect the big from small and ordinary events. principles, such as writing a reminder from my mother when I went out to reflect my mother's love for me.
2. Novel. Unique. Unique perspective. That is to say, the material itself is not new, but the perspective of examining the material is different.
3. Go deeper and advance step by step.
4. Using objects as metaphors for people has profound meaning.
5. Use... as a clue to connect... to make the ideas clear and the materials concentrated.
6. Comparing before and after, the theme is clear.
Benefits of using the sixth rhetorical technique
1. The most commonly used is metaphor. Metaphor can make abstract things concrete, profound things popular, and boring things vivid; The second is parallelism, which can create momentum, express a large amount of content in a short space, and create beauty in form and tone.
2. Let’s talk about contrast and foil. The purpose is to make something or a certain feature more prominent and distinct. Usually when writing about object A, you may write object B first. The purpose is to compare it with object A from the side and highlight it better from the side.
3. In the exam, we will also examine it from a more flexible perspective, such as from the perspective of changing sentence patterns. Why should we use such sentence patterns? In fact, it is for the purpose of expressing meaning or formal beauty. This expression may be from near to far, from phenomenon to essence, to highlight and coordinate. Another example is to examine the usage of words. For example, in poetry, cherries are red and bananas are green. What’s the beauty of “red” being used as a verb? Generally speaking, when talking about the beauty of words, there is a saying that the words are vivid and vivid. This is indeed the case. Here, "red" also brings the still state to life, and writes out the process and dynamic sense.
The seventh type is appreciation and analysis of characters
When analyzing characters, you must first do a qualitative analysis, that is, which type of person it is, and then talk about the specific characteristics of the character. Features, features can be listed in sections and points, which is called quantitative analysis. At the same time, it should be noted that characters are often three-dimensional, complex, and multi-faceted, that is, they are not simply good or bad. Good people will have shortcomings, and bad people will have advantages. Another point is the unity of opposition and unity, the unity of love and hate, the unity of greatness and smallness, etc.
The eighth method is to appreciate a certain passage from the aspects of rhetorical techniques and expression effects
The common answer format is: using... techniques, from... angles, to... Description expresses... and makes the article more... When answering, be sure to combine the relevant content of the article.
Type 9: It was originally A, but the author said it was B.
1. It is considered from the perspective of the main theme, in order to emphasize a certain emotion of the author.
2. It is for the purpose of expression, to add humor or other effects.
3. It is a special expression in a specific context.
Type 10: Ask about the role of a certain sentence in the entire article.
1. If this sentence is at the end of the article, it can be considered from the content perspective, deepening the center, revealing the main idea of ??the entire article, or echoing the beginning.
2. If this sentence is in the middle of the article, you can think about it from a structural perspective, connecting the previous... to the description or discussion of....
3. If this sentence is at the beginning of the article, it can be thought of from a structural perspective and guide the following.
It may also be about content, setting the tone of the full text, etc.