(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
② Modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. According to different words, it can be divided into long tone (9 1 word or more), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
④ Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
Lyrics about scenery, lyrics about scenic spots and natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often attached their feelings to mountains and rivers, and expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings expressed by the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
(2) Poetry is expressed by chanting things, in which the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of chanting things, so as to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
(3) I feel nostalgic about poetry, because one thing causes the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
(4) Memorizing the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing their opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Poems describing frontier battles, describing frontier scenery and the military life of frontier soldiers, or expressing optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork.
3 From the content point of view
1. Love Poetry This is a kind of poem with the theme of love (including mourning), also known as "love song" and "in my heart forever's poem". Since the Book of Songs, love poems have a long history, mainly describing the love and love life of men and women, or expressing the feelings of parting and lovesickness. For example, concurrent wars, Altair all the way, untitled (time was long before I met her, but it was Li Shangyin after we broke up), Queqiaoxian (Bo Yun clever) and so on.
2. Satire Poetry This is a kind of poem that exposes the darkness of society and the coldness of the world by mocking or persuading, and expresses the voice of the people or upright people. Also called "satire", sometimes called "political satire". Satire also has a long history, from the Book of Songs to modern times. Such as Shuo Shu, Fa Tan, Bee (Tang Luoyin), Lin 'an Mansion Title (Lin Sheng in Southern Song Dynasty), Drunken Taiping (an anonymous person who was greedy for small profits in Yuan Dynasty) and so on. Philosophical Poetry This is a kind of poetry that expresses or expounds a certain philosophy by describing and discussing specific things. Some point out the theme, while others contain it without revealing it, which makes people think deeply. Famous ones are Su Shi's Poems on Xilin Wall and Qin, and Zhu's Reading Experience. In addition, although some poems have no philosophy, they are also full of philosophy (for example, "There is no way to recover from doubts, and there is another village in the dark", "The green hills can't cover up, after all, they flow eastward" and so on. ).
3. Farewell Poetry This is also one of the earliest and most common themes, which is mainly used to express feelings of parting, or to encourage, or to express deep affection and friendship, or to express sadness of parting. Because farewell is often associated with climbing mountains and facing water, it is also called "farewell poem of mountains and rivers". Such as Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan (Wang Bo), Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou (Li Bai) and Don't Move Big.
4. Poems about travel are also called poems about travel and travel. Or describe personal experiences and feelings, or express homesickness, narration and lyricism. This kind of poem can not be separated from the description of landscape scenery, so it is also called "landscape poem", which is slightly different from pure landscape poem, and it is mainly based on "recalling lyric". For example, Du Fu's "Expressing My Mind at Night" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Qiu Si" are not landscape poems.
5. Frontier Poem This is a poem describing the frontier fortress scenery and reflecting the life of frontier fortress soldiers. Famous frontier poets in Tang Dynasty include Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan and Li Qi. Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing, Bai Xuege's Farewell to Tian Shuji's Home, Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci, Wang Changling's Embankment and Fan Zhongyan's Pride of Fishermen (Scenery under the Embankment) are all well-known masterpieces.
6. Poetry is a kind of poetry with the theme of reciting or commenting on historical stories and historical figures, which is used to express feelings and satirize current events. Generally, it is described first and then discussed; Others only describe the contrast without discussion, so that readers can think. Poems on historical themes are famous masterpieces in the early days, including "Poems on Histories" by Ban Gu in the Western Jin Dynasty and "Eight Poems on Histories" by Zuo Si. Since then, more epics have appeared, such as Zhang Jie's Burning Books to Bury Confucians, Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng, Du Mu's Tiwujiang Pavilion (which Wang Anshi once used as a naysayer) and Wen's Jingwu Wenyuan, all of which are well-known masterpieces.
7. Poetry. This is a poem that expresses thoughts and feelings by praising natural or social things. Symbol comparison is its common method. This kind of poems appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and there were more and more excellent works after the Tang Dynasty. For example, Wang Wei's Acacia (when those red plums come in spring), Li Bai's Egret, Du Fu's Returning to the Wild Goose, Lu You's Yongmei, Yu Qian's Poem of Lime, Wang Mian's Mo Mei, etc. are all famous works that express their feelings through natural things.
8. Poetry. This is a poem with the theme of reciting personal aspirations and reflecting or satirizing society. Bixing, symbolism and association are its main techniques. Poems chanting for the bosom also come from The Book of Songs, which is one of the most important poems in ancient times. For example, Involved in the River in Qu Yuan's Lisao, Into the Wine in it is hard to go by Li Bai, Youzhou Tower by Chen Ziang, Dingfengbo Hu Sha Lu Yu by Su Shi and Anger by Lu You are all touching masterpieces.