Induction of Chinese knowledge points in Xiaoshengchu
First, there are two types of languages: spoken and written.
Two or three kinds of people: the first kind, the second kind and the third kind.
Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Five, the four uses of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
Six kinds of ill sentences:
1, with incomplete components;
2. Improper collocation;
3. Improper use of related words;
4. Inconsistency;
5. Improper word order;
6. Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions)
7. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
Eight, expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, want to promote first, hold things to express ideas, borrow things to express feelings, associate, imagine, set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).
Rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy, irony and pun.
Ten, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.
XI。 Narrative order: chronological, flashback, interpolation and supplementary narration.
12. Narrative method: general narrative and detailed description.
13. Narrative clues: physical objects, characters, changes in thoughts and feelings, changes in time and place, and central events (methods for finding clues: title, a recurring word or thing, lyric comments)
14. Description angle: positive description and negative description.
Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.
Description of scene angle: vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.
17. Environmental description is divided into natural environment and social environment.
Methods of describing scenery: combining static with dynamic, combining generalization with concrete, changing scenery from far to near (or from near to far).
19. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central idea.
20. Lyric methods: direct lyricism and indirect lyricism (lyric by scenery).
2 1. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order (six forms of logical order: 1 general-individual 2 phenomena-essence 3 causality 4 generalization-specific 5 parts-whole 6 big-small)
22. Description language: plain and vivid.
23. Types of expository texts: expository texts and expository texts.
24. Interpretation: examples, numbers, metaphors, comparisons, definitions, classifications, explanations, imitations, quotations and charts.
Twenty-five, three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
26. Arguments: factual arguments and rational arguments.
27. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument and quotation argument.
Twenty-eight, demonstration method: argument, rebuttal (rebuttable arguments, arguments, arguments)
Twenty-nine, argumentative structure: ask questions (introduction), analyze problems (this theory), and solve problems (conclusion).
30. Structure: total score, total score, total score (the divided parts are often parallel and progressive).
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Thirty-two, the three elements of the novel: the characters, the plot and the specific environment.
The function of quotation marks: 1 refers to quotation 2 refers to irony or negation 3 refers to specific title 4 refers to emphasizing or highlighting 5 special meanings.
Usage of dashes: 1 Table Notes 2 Table Inserts 3 Table Phonetic Interrupt, Continues 4 Table Topic Change 5 Table Meaning.
Thirty-five, six uses of ellipsis: 1 table content ellipsis 2 table language discontinuity 3 table words unfinished 4 table mood contradiction 5 table thinking jump 6 table thinking in progress.
Thirty-six, others:
(A) the role of sentences in sentences:
Foreword: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), pave the way (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) to pave the way for the following; Below is the ordinary collar.
Text: connecting the preceding with the following (transition); The general introduction is followed by a summary of the above contents.
At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(B) the role of rhetoric:
(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context
Metaphor and personification: vivid image;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
Parallelism: aggressive, emphatic, in one go, etc.
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
Ask questions: attract readers' attention and think about the answer format: attract readers' attention and think about+object+characteristics.
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
Repeat: emphasize ... emphasize tone.
(3) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as Du, Dadu, Extraordinary, Only, etc. ): impossible. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(4) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence); (2) This word corresponds to the above one by one. (3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(5) Summary of paragraph meaning
Narrative: Give a clear answer (when and where) to who did what.
Format: Time+Place+People+Events
Explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?
(6) Complex sentence relations and commonly used related words:
Parallel: both ... and ...; During the period of ...; No ... but ...
Undertaking: convenient; Just; therefore
Progress: not only that ... but also ...; And; Even; More; Let alone wait.
Choice: either ... or ...; Or ... or ...; Also ... or ...; Really ... or ...; It is better to ... than to ...; Would rather ... than ...
Turning point: although ... but ...; Although ... but ...; However; However; Just; But wait.
Cause and effect: because ... therefore ...; Because ... just ...; The reason ... is because ...
Suppose: if ... then ...; Even if (even if) ...
Condition: only applicable to ... only ... only. ...
Xiao Shengchu's Chinese Learning Methods
1. Read more: Reading more is based on intensive reading. When reading an article, you must pay attention to its connotation. Read the article repeatedly, mark the key points, and write down your feelings and thoughts.
2. Practice writing by writing diaries: you can write essays, essays or novels, and you should revise them repeatedly after writing to really improve your writing ability. Think more. Learning without thinking is useless.
3, pay more attention to observation: you will find that there are many materials in life that can be used as writing materials.
Chinese learning skills in Xiaoshengchu
1, pay attention to daily accumulation: the Chinese exam is the ink in your stomach. If you don't have a certain amount of knowledge accumulation, your Chinese performance will naturally be low. Therefore, if you want to improve your Chinese performance, you should pay more attention to the accumulation of good sentences in poetry.
2. Learn to understand the article: clear the structural level of the article, clarify the internal logic of the article, take the structural level as a memory clue, and form a knowledge network, which is more convenient to remember.
3. Learn to observe the surroundings: writing comes from life, and the most touching thing is often the details. Therefore, it is necessary to observe life more at ordinary times and describe details more when writing, so as to really polish the composition and make the teacher shine at the moment.