Basic introduction to the title of the work: year of creation of Away from the Soul: Tang Dali's work origin: 358 volumes of Taiping Guangji Literary genre: Legendary novel Author: Chen's introduction, original text, translation, comparison, evaluation, value, influence, introduction of Away from the Soul, China Tang legendary novel. * * * A volume. Income "Tai Ping Guang Ji" 358 volumes, Lu Xun collated "The Legend of Tang and Song Dynasties" also income this article. The author Chen is a human being who has lived for generations and his life story is unknown. The story far from the soul is bizarre, reflecting the young men and women's desire for freedom of marriage at that time and praising their struggle against feudal ethics, which is of typical significance. At the end of the article, when Qian Niang's soul and body are integrated, she cleverly puts on such a detail that "all her clothes are heavy", giving people an illusion. The story of giving up one's soul for love and marriage began in Liu Yiqing's You Pang A in the Southern Dynasties. There are many perfunctory legendary works in the Tang Dynasty. Taiping Guangji also includes Zheng Sheng, Ghost Record and Yin Wei, all of which are stories about people leaving their souls in the Tang Dynasty, but the description is more brief than this one. Zheng Guangzu (Zheng Dehui)' s drama "A Beauty Away from the Soul" in Yuan Dynasty was adapted from this story. The author Chen is a human being who has lived for generations and his life story is unknown. In Away from the Soul, Zhang Qianniang and her cousin Zhou Wang fell in love since childhood. Zhang Yi, Qian Niang's father, often said that she would marry Zhou Wang with Qian Niang in the future. However, after they came of age, Zhang Yi and Qian Niang promised others together. Qian Niang fell ill because of depression, and Zhou Wang also made an excuse to go to Chang 'an to see Qian Niang off. Unexpectedly, Qian Niang chased the boat in the middle of the night, but left Sichuan together, lived together for five years and gave birth to two sons. This article reflects the young men and women's desire for freedom of marriage at that time with bizarre plots, and praises their struggle against feudal ethics, which is of typical significance. At the end of the article, when Qian Niang's soul and body are integrated, she cleverly puts on such a detail that "all her clothes are heavy", giving people an illusion. The story of giving up one's soul for love and marriage began in Liu Yiqing's You Pang A in the Southern Dynasties. There were many perfunctory legendary works in the Tang Dynasty. There are Zheng Sheng, Ghost Record and Yin Wei in Tai Ping Guang Ji, all of which are stories about Tang people leaving their souls, but the descriptions are simpler than this one. According to this story, Zheng Guangzu's drama Away from the Soul in the Yuan Dynasty was interpreted for three years, which was easy because the official was in Hengzhou. Simple and quiet, few friends. No children, two women. It died long and early; * * * Qian Niang, Duan Yan is beautiful. My nephew, Taiyuan, is a young man from martial arts and beautiful. Yi is always valued, and every time he says, "Take your wife as your mother." Every time I grow up, Zhou Heqian often feels sleepy in private, and her family doesn't know what it's like. Later, some people chose Liao Bin, which they asked for. Women are depressed when they smell it; Zhou also hates this. I asked you to go to Beijing, but I couldn't stop it, so I had the cheek. Zhou Yin (4) hates sadness and never goes abroad. At sunset, there are still a few miles from the mountain. In the middle of the night, I couldn't sleep. Suddenly I heard a man on the shore. He was very fast and soon got on the boat. Ask it, it is Qian Niang who stumbles. Surprised and crazy, Zhou took his hand and asked him not to. He cried and said, "It's very kind of you to sleep and eat together. Today, I want to seize this ambition. I know that it is not easy for you to be affectionate. I think I'll kill myself and serve the newspaper. I ran like hell. " I didn't expect it, but I was very happy. So I hid my mother in the boat and fled overnight. "Away from the soul" goes hand in hand, and it takes several months to reach Shu. Having two sons every five years, I absolutely don't believe it. His wife often misses her parents, sobbing and saying, "I can't be responsible for each other tomorrow. I'm going to give up my righteousness and come to you." In the past five years, kindness and kindness have been separated from each other. Under overload, Hu Yan is alone? Zhou lamented and said, "I will return without work." . "So they all returned to Hengchow. As soon as I arrived, Zhou was single and went home first, so I thanked him first. Yi Dao: "Qian Niang has been ill in her boudoir for several years, so it's strange to say so!" " Zhou said, "See you on the boat! "I was frightened and prompted people to test it. When the messenger saw Qian Niang in the boat, he said, "Is your Excellency all right? "If the family members are different, report it quickly. When the woman in the room heard the news, she was overjoyed, dressed up and changed clothes, smiling without a word, and went out to meet each other, becoming one, and her clothes were heavy. His family kept things secret because they were dishonest. Only relatives have potential knowledge. In the past forty years, both husband and wife lost their lives. The two of them are filial, taking Cheng and Wei as examples. You Xuan often hears this statement, but there are many similarities and differences, or their shortcomings. At the end of the Dali period, I met Zhang Ling of Laiwu County, because I prepared the background. Yi is Zhong Guitang's great-uncle. He said he was well prepared, so he remembered it. Wu Zetian was a godsend for three years, and there was a Zhang Yi in Qinghe County. Because he went to Hengzhou to be an official, he settled there. Zhang Yi is simple and quiet, and has few intimate friends. No children, only two daughters. The eldest daughter died early, named Qian Niang, dignified and beautiful, no one can compare. Zhou Wang, Zhang Yi's nephew, is from Taiyuan. He was smart and beautiful and elegant since he was a child. Zhang Yi attaches great importance to this nephew and often says to him, "I must marry Qian Niang to you as my wife in the future." Gradually, Qian Niang and Zhou Wang grew up separately. They have always loved each other in private, but their families don't know it. Later, some of Zhang Yi's staff wanted to go to the election department to ask for relatives from the Zhang family, and Zhang Yi agreed. Qian Niang was very unhappy when she heard about it; Zhou Wang was deeply dissatisfied when he knew it, and immediately said that he would be transferred, and asked the Zhang family to resign as the capital. The Zhang family couldn't stop it, so they politely sent their nephew away. Zhou Wang and his uncle bid farewell to the boat, and they were secretly sad. In the evening, the ship crossed the mountains and stopped a few miles away. In the middle of the night, Wang was worried in his sleep when he suddenly heard someone coming from the shore. He walked fast and in a hurry, and soon he was on the boat. I didn't know until I asked, Qianniang was chasing after me barefoot. Zhou Wang was ecstatic, grabbed Qian Niang's hand and asked her why she came. Qianniang sobbed and replied, "Your friendship is so deep that I am grateful even in my sleep. Now my father promised me to someone else and forced me to change my will. I know you won't easily change the depths of my ocean. I have been thinking that I am afraid that you will find your own way and be biased, so I gave up my family and went private. " Zhou Wang was overjoyed after hearing this. So he hid Qian Niang in the boat and sailed away overnight. The two men accelerated their trip and arrived in Sichuan a few months later. After another five years, the two have given birth to two sons, and there has been no news of Zhang Yi. Qian Niang misses her parents and often cries and says to Zhou Wang, "I failed to live up to your kindness, abandoned the ethical code and eloped with you. "My parents and I have been separated for five years. Alas, I live under heaven and earth but I can't be filial to my parents. What face can I have? " Zhou Wang was very sad to hear his wife's words, and said, "We're going back now, and we don't have to suffer from being away from our parents anymore." So the husband and wife returned to Hengzhou together. "Away from the Soul" arrived in Hengzhou, and Zhou Wang went to my uncle Zhang Yi's home alone to apologize and kowtow for taking Qian Niang away. Zhang Yi said in surprise, "My daughter Qian Niang has been ill at home for several years. How can you talk nonsense like this! " Zhou Wang said, "If you don't believe me, you can see Qian Niang on the boat!" Zhang Yi was frightened and sent her family to see it. Sure enough, he saw Qian Niang sitting on the boat with a cheerful and happy face. When he saw the family members who came to visit, he also asked, "Can my parents be peaceful?" The family was surprised and found something different, so they hurried back to inform Zhang Yi. At this time, my daughter, who had been ill for many years in the back room, got up happily after hearing this, put on her clothes, changed her clothes and smiled without saying anything. This Qian Niang walked out of the room and met Qian Niang who came home from outside. Two people's bodies are superimposed and integrated, even the clothes are the same. After all, the Zhang family felt strange and hid. Only relatives occasionally secretly know. Forty years later, Wang and his wife passed away. Their two sons became famous for their filial piety and became county magistrates. I, Chen, often heard this story when I was young. There are similarities and differences, or some people say it is false. At the end of the calendar year (779), I met Zhang Ling of Laiwu County, and he told me the whole story in detail. Because Zhang Yi is his uncle, and his speech is very detailed and complete, so I recorded it. Compared with Away from the Soul, the original plot is: Zhang Yi (Y), a native of Qinghe, is an official in Hengzhou. His daughter Qian Niang is very beautiful and dignified, and his nephew Zhou Wang has been very clever since childhood. He often said that he would marry her when she came of age. When Qian Niang and Zhou Wang grew up, they fell in love, but Yi Cheung had forgotten what she said and didn't know that they were in love, so anyone who proposed immediately agreed. Qian Niang was very depressed and angry after hearing the news, so she left the Zhang family by boat. The boat moved to the shore, and Zhou Wang couldn't sleep at night. Suddenly, he saw Qian Niang running hard, overjoyed and sailing overnight. After living in Sichuan for five years, Qian Niang missed her parents and both returned to Hengzhou. Zhou Wang first went to Zhang Fu to apologize, but Yi Cheung said Qian Niang was ill in the boudoir. In a short time, Qian Niang in the boat arrived and was greeted by Qian Niang in the boudoir. The two Qian Niangs became one, and they realized that Qian Niangs had followed Zhou Wang. The story of the adaptation of Ghost Story is as follows: Zhang Qiannv and Wang Wenju refer to unmarried couples whose bellies are already married and hit it off. However, Li, the mother of thousands of daughters, disliked Wang's fame and got in the way on the grounds that "three generations of my family refused to recruit", forcing Wang to go out of Beijing to catch the exam before getting married. After their separation, Qiannv was in great pain, resenting her mother's remorse, worried that Wang Wenju would change her mind after the exam, and suffered from lovesickness, and finally fell ill. Her soul left her body, caught up with Wang Wenju on the road, got married and went to Beijing together. And Qiannv is physically weak, sick in bed and worried. Later, Wang Wenju, the top scholar, wrote to report the good news and said that he would go home with his wife to visit relatives. The beautiful girl who lost her soul was heartbroken after hearing the news. At this moment, Wang Wenju felt honored that his wife and daughter became one, so the truth came out and they got married. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is based on the legends of the Tang Dynasty, but it reflects the social reality of the Yuan Dynasty. It describes a love story, but it has the progressive significance of criticizing feudal ethics and the concept of fame and family, and its ideological content greatly exceeds that of Away from the Soul. If the two are compared, it is not difficult to find that although the stories are generally similar, the content is not the same and the ideological value is greater. Judging from the two sides of contradiction, Qian Niang and Zhou Wang stand firmly together in Far from the Soul and contradict Zhang Yi; In Away from the Soul, Zhang Qiannv is just a person who resists the feudal parents represented by Li, and she is not always on Zhang Qiannv's side. Judging from the contradictory nature, both Zhou Wang and Qian Niang in Away from the Soul "often secretly think about sleeping by themselves", but Zhang Yi "doesn't know her appearance" and betrothed Qian Niang to others. Ghost stories are different. Li has a serious view of fame and family background, claiming that "three generations in my family don't recruit", which caused the love gap between money and family. Judging from the process of contradiction, Zhou Wang saw Qian Niang's "desperate coming" and "incomparable happiness" in Away from the Soul; In "The Soul of a Thousand Girls", Wang Wenju repeatedly blamed the souls of a thousand girls who came after her, saying, "If you hire, you are a wife; It's immoral to come here without permission. Judging from the contradictory ending, although both of them have a happy ending, the separation from the soul is that Qian Niang returned to Hengzhou because she missed her parents, and the separation from the soul is the champion and the return home. After this transformation, this theme was put into a specific social environment to express, so it has strong characteristics of the times. Zhang Qiannv's struggle for love and happiness is much more difficult than Qian Niang's in Away from the Soul: she has to struggle with her mother Li's feudal views on fame and fortune and her new feudal ethics. In this way, unlike Qian Niang in Away from the Soul, her struggle only pursues personal happiness, which is of great significance in denying feudal ethics and resisting the concept of fame and family. It is at this point that "far from the soul" has greater social value and progressive significance than "far from the soul". Gorky believes that the plot "is the connection, contradiction, sympathy, disgust and general relationship between tasks-the history, typical growth and composition of a certain character" (Talking with Young Writers). From this perspective, we can find that Zheng Guangzu changed the relationship between the protagonist and the characters in Away from the Soul and refined the plot again. The protagonist in Chen's works is Qian Nianghe, while the protagonist in Zheng Guangzu's works is only Zhang Qiannv. In feudal society, women's struggle for love and happiness is much more difficult than men's. Zheng Guangzu's choice of Zhang Qiannv as the leading role has different meanings. In Away from the Soul, Zhou Wang fully welcomes Zhang Qiannv's bold pursuit, but Wang Wenju in Away from the Soul is not like this, and even suspects and accuses Zhang Qiannv. Zhang Yi in Away from the Soul didn't mean to hinder the love between Qian Niang and Zhou Wang, but just misunderstood the situation. In Ghost Story, Ang Lee forced Wang Wenju to find her reputation before she got married. From the handling of these different relationships, it can be clearly seen that Zhang Qiannv's struggle for love is greater than Qian Niang's. It is in this process of striving for success that Zheng Guangzu fully reveals the development of the heroine's character. The whole plot of Ghost Story revolves around Zhang Qiannv's pursuit, showing her boldness, firmness and persistence in the sharp drama conflict. This method of refining the plot shows the playwright's high artistic accomplishment and creative talent. The evaluation of this story is fictitious. Young men and women born in feudal society long for marriage autonomy. The author uses romanticism to satisfy this desire through young men and women. It reflected the eager pursuit of thousands of young men and women in Qian Qian in feudal society, and it was of certain progressive significance at that time. It agrees that this pair of young people do not abide by the provisions of feudal ethics and have the function of resisting feudal morality. However, the author did not fight for the autonomy of marriage through the struggle between young people and feudal parents, which also shows that the pressure of feudal ethics at that time was enormous; Due to the limitation of the times, it is impossible for the author to create a representative figure who struggled with feudal ethics. This book is short in pen and ink, fantastic in conception and tortuous in plot. It breaks away from the conventions of general love novels and is full of romance. Although the creation period was after Dali, it was not so beautiful in terms of words and colors, and the renovation of artistic conception was unique in Tang novels. The author portrays the image of Qiannv as a rebel who is willing to be a feudal ethical code, which is different from the images portrayed in other works, showing the author's originality, enhancing the touching power and inspiring people's desire for a better life. The value of Far from the Soul has a great influence on the development of China's novels and operas. The story of Ghost Story was called Ghost Story Story. According to it, there is a ghost story of Jacky Dehui. Because of the quotation of poetry, it has also become a familiar allusion. Ling Mengchu's "Surprise at the Second Moment" in the Ming Dynasty, "My elder sister continued to lead the way after wandering for a long time", and the story outline is similar to this novel, which is very obvious. First of all, "Away from the Soul" integrates and develops some plots of articles such as "Pang A", and with personal speculation and fiction, it becomes a novel with rich plots, clear logic, rigorous structure and narrative significance. It can be said that this article has basically determined the plot mode of The Story of the Soul. Starting from Away from the Soul, most of these stories have the following elements: the hero and heroine deeply love each other → a strong external force prevents them from being together → one party (mostly a woman) is sick or dies → the soul of the sick (the deceased) leaves the body to fulfill his wishes → after the de facto marriage is formed, things happen (usually voluntarily confessed) → the soul-out-of-body person is integrated with the spirit, the deceased is resurrected, and the two are forgiven → finally. Secondly, from the story far from the soul in the past to the care of real life, with the life and death love of ordinary people as the main description object. In the novel, the images of Zhang and Wang are vivid, and the scene of thousands of mothers running at night for their return is touching, especially the scene of true feelings, which has suspense, conflict and reconciliation. It can be said that Zhang Chi is gentle and charming. Although in the end, the author did not forget to indicate that "You Xuan often heard this sentence, but there are many similarities and differences, or it is empty." At the end of the Dali period, I met Zhang Ling of Laiwu County, because I prepared the background. Yi Shi's granduncle Zhong Guitang said that he was well informed. It seems that he is still satisfied with searching for strange things, remembering differences and proving authenticity. But as Lu Xun said, his works are mainly literary talent and conception, which is obviously a novel with literati's conception. In addition, You Xuan's theory just illustrates the inheritance relationship between this article and the previous article-that is, it originated from exotic things, and then "painting it with algae to expand its waves" for its own use. Thirdly, Farewell to the Soul has a far-reaching influence and has become the most important reference for later rewriting activities. Here, I quote the concept of "original text" put forward by Huang's book "A Study on the Rewriting of Novels in Tang Dynasty" for a brief explanation. Huang Zhu pointed out that the original text refers to the text that has been confirmed as a derivative source after tracing back-on the one hand, the original text should have more than one derivative text within a certain time and space; On the other hand, the original text should be the earliest mature stereotyped text in a subject type, which has the most reference value for rewriting and the most exemplary position among all possible choices. Although rewriting activities will obtain plots and structures on the basis of the original text, and this acquisition may also come from other texts, the original text still dominates the composition of derived texts. In this sense, Away from the Soul is the original text of the theme of emotional connection between souls, which will be elaborated in the following discussion. From the perspective of * * *, the story of Away from the Soul provides ideological support for other styles, and the combination of spirit and flesh and pleasant feelings has become a common creative idea, which is particularly obvious in the ci style which mainly expresses personal feelings. Poets either recite directly or make a fuss about it. The former is like Qin Guan's "The Clown's Away from the Soul": "Poetry says: simple and naive, my daughter, is sad in spring. My uncle and brother can only think about it when they leave. Leaving the boat to solve the twilight of the riverside, Ran Ran's sweet soul left. Do it again and dream of the spring breeze. Music: the spiritual element. Talk to who? Parting is the hardest thing to believe. Lanzhou wants to solve the twilight of Chunjiang River, and Shuangjing will go home with you. " Come back together at different times and dream of a spring breeze. "The latter is like Jiang Kui's Walking on the Shahe River, Coming from the East, Ding Weiyuan Going to Jinling, Dreaming on the River": "Yan Yan is light and delicate, and I see Hua Xu clearly. The night is long and bitter, and early spring is dyed by acacia. Don't write in the future, don't sew at the same time, travel away from the soul. The bright moon in Huainan and Qian Shan are cold and nobody cares. From a diachronic point of view, the greatest influence of Far from the Soul is that it directly triggered the creation of other texts with the same theme. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Away from the Soul has been continuously adapted into opera works, with as many as six or seven kinds recorded in various ancient books. Later, there were Zhao Gongfu's zaju "A Thousand Girls' Soul in Qifengtang", Zheng Guangzu's zaju "A Thousand Girls' Soul in Qifengtang", Queming's southern opera "A Thousand Girls' Soul in Qifengtang", the legend of Ming Dynasty, Wang Jide's zaju "A Thousand Girls' Soul in Qifengtang" and so on. Although most of these works have been lost, there is no doubt about the position of Far from the Soul in its rewriting history and the vitality of the theme of spiritual understanding. As mentioned above, a large number of drama derivative texts appeared after Away from the Soul, but only Zheng Guangzu's zaju Away from the Soul at the end of Yuan Dynasty has survived to this day. The reasons for the loss of most works are complicated, which is beyond people's guess. However, according to the law of survival of the fittest, we can think that Zheng Qu is one of the most successful and influential works of its kind, from which we can get a glimpse of the author's attitude towards "leaving the soul" after the Tang Dynasty. Judging from the context, the "leaving the soul" here has a real reference. As for the reason why this situation didn't appear until the Southern Song Dynasty, I'm afraid it was influenced by Zhu Gong's Dong Jieyuan's The West Chamber. It is true that Away from the Soul plays an important role in the whole evolution history of wandering souls, but as tang legends's works, this article belongs to the desk literature that only a few people can access, and its influence is limited after all. Chinese opera works are different. In the process of continuous performance, the stage vitality of drama literature is constantly enhanced, and finally the effect of summarizing its contents as allusions and freely applying them to other literary works is achieved. Zheng Guangzu's drama Away from the Soul was adapted from Zhao Gongfu's Away from the Soul in Qifengtang in the early Yuan Dynasty and related rap materials. The plot of Far from the Soul has been changed. First, the names of the original protagonists Zhou Wang and Zhang Qianniang have been changed to Wang Wenju and Zhang Qiannv, which is closer to the life of readers (audiences) and shows that the play will be centered on talented people and beautiful women. Secondly, the background of "Away from Soul" was slightly changed-their childhood friends were changed into beautiful girls who fell in love with Wen at first sight, Zhang's father's treachery was changed into Zhang's mother's treachery, and the protagonist's image was deeply vilified in "Away from Soul", thus enhancing the heroine's rebellious consciousness and tragic color. Thirdly, the female soul harmony in the novel was changed to the beauty soul in Shu, and she immediately returned to her hometown after going to Beijing, and added plots such as writing a book to report good news and mistakenly mourning for a female body in a boudoir because she had another marriage.