Alai, 1959 was born in Malkang, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and is a contemporary writer in China.
1982, began to write poetry. In the middle and late 1980s, he turned to novel creation. 1994 winter, the first novel "The Dust Settled" was completed, 1998, "The Dust Settled" was published by People's Literature Publishing House. In 2000, he won the fifth Mao Dun Literature Award for The Dust Settled. In March 2009, he was elected as the chairman of Sichuan Writers Association and served as a member of the presidium of the Eighth National Committee of Chinese Writers Association. In the same year, the novel "Empty Mountain" was published. 20 14 published a long nonfiction work "Looking for the Right Person". 20 18 won the novella award in the 7th Lu Xun Literature Award for his "Mushroom Circle". 20 19 the novel "The Story in the Cloud" is finished. In the same year, The Dust Settled was selected into the collection of 70 novels in 70 years in New China.
Chinese name: Alai
Nationality: People's Republic of China (PRC).
Ethnic group: Tibetan
Place of Birth: Barkam City, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province
Date of birth: 1959
Occupation: writer
Graduate School: Marcand Normal School.
Main Achievements: The Fifth Mao Dun Literature Award
The 7th Luxun Literature Award
Masterpieces: Dust Settles, Empty Mountain, King Gelsall, Look Right, Mushroom Circle.
Character experience
1959, born in a small bungalow of more than 20 families in Malkang City, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. 1965, I started school. In the first year, I didn't learn the text. I will go to the preparatory class to learn Chinese first. After graduating from junior high school, I began to go back to my hometown to farm.
1977, admitted to Marcand Normal School and Secondary Normal School. After graduation, he was transferred to Marcand No.2 Middle School to teach junior high school. The following year, he was transferred to the county middle school to teach high school and worked as a middle school teacher for nearly five years. 1982, began to write poetry. After the mid-1980s, he gradually turned to novels and was transferred to the literary magazine Grassland, which belongs to Aba Cultural Bureau, as an editor.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/994, he finished the novel The Dust Settled. 1996, resigned from the editorial department of Prairie and applied to Chengdu Science Fiction World Magazine, starting as an ordinary editor. 1998, became the editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World magazine, and later resigned as the president because of the "Retelling Myth" project; In the same year, the novel The Dust Settled was published by People's Literature Publishing House. 1999 published a collection of novels, The Silversmith in the Moonlight.
In 2000, he won the Fifth Mao Dun Literature Award for his novel The Dust Settled, becoming the first Tibetan writer to win this honor. June 5438+February 65438+May 2006, with a royalty income of 3.3 million yuan, it ranked second1in the rich list of writers.
In February 2009, he served as the chairman of Sichuan Writers Association; In June, the novel "King Gelsall" was completed. By telling the story of King Gelsall's birth as the son of the gods, he reduced the demons and stabilized the three realms, and finally returned to heaven, showing the cultural essence of the Tibetan people. 165438+1October 30th, ranking 21for the second time on the rich list of Chinese writers; In the same year, the novel trilogy "Empty Mountain" was published, presenting the history of Tibetan villages after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
20 14 published a long nonfiction work Zhandui, which tells a story about Tibet and reproduces the history of Zhandui for 200 years. 20 15 published a collection of essays, Freedom of Language; In the same year, the novella Mushroom Circle was published in the third issue of Harvest (20 15), which tells the life story of ordinary people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau who are obsessed with natural creatures.
20 16 12, elected as a member of the 9th National Committee of Chinese Writers Association; On February 29th, 65438, he was re-elected as the chairman of Sichuan Writers Association. On February 8, 20 17, 17 won the novel award and the prose award of 17 Hundred Flowers Literature Award for his novella Cordyceps sinensis and the essay The Scholars, and won the double prize of Hundred Flowers Literature Award for the first time. In the same year, he won the China Copyright Outstanding Achievement Award.
On the morning of October 30th, 2065438+2008/KLOC-0, he was elected as the representative of the 13th People's Congress of Sichuan Province. In August, the work "Mushroom Circle" won the novella award of the seventh Lu Xun Literature Award; 165438+ 10, a collection of essays, Alai Prose, was published by Shaanxi Normal University Press, including Stairs of the Earth, Chronology of Chengdu, Let the rocks tell us that people are the starting point and the end point, and a drop of water crosses Lijiang.
20 19 10 was elected as the representative of the 13th People's Congress of Sichuan Province; On February 17, the film "Climber" written by him started shooting; On May 26th, the novel "Story in the Cloud" was published, telling the experience of offering sacrifices to teacher Aba after the Wenchuan earthquake. On September 23rd, the novel The Dust Settled was selected into the Collection of 70 Novels in 70 Years of New China. On September 27, he was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Lijiang by Lijiang City; 65438+February 65438+March, a story in the cloud topped the list of bumper harvest literary novels.
Main work
Literary works
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Screenplay works
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Creative characteristics
theme
Religious feelings
Alai grasped the conflict and tension between Tibetan Buddhism and modernity in Jiarong Tibetan area, and objectively wrote the true face of religion in the face of modernity. For example, in The Dust Settles, Alai forms an isomorphic relationship between the author and the protagonist when dealing with the second young master Maggie in the text. He not only wants the protagonist to realize a man's pursuit of power, but also asks him to always consider the idea that everything is empty in Tibetan Buddhism and the fact that the toast system will eventually perish in modern history, so "where am I? Who am I? " In fact, what lies behind it is the author Libido's understanding in the text, his own understanding of history and the collection of complex religious feelings. Through a series of ecological writing, Alai provided a new understanding of the ecological view of Tibetan Buddhism from the dimension of modern ecological civilization. Due to the further deterioration of the global natural environment, people are increasingly concerned about protecting and improving the natural environment on which they live. Alai discussed the relationship between Tibetan Buddhism and ecological civilization, which also gave his ecological writing a sense of the times.
Local feelings
Alai showed the local concept in his creation, especially in "Empty Mountain", which wrote down the annals of towns and villages for nearly half a century from the early 1950s to the 1990s. Alai's local narrative examines the local space from the perspective of modernity, reveals the fate of the local world and local people in the history of modernity, and shows the tension between the local space and the process of modernity, such as confrontation and integration, absorption and criticism, initiative and passivity, so that China society's deep desire and contradiction for modernity can be reflected in the local. Alai's literary works express and reflect on Tibetan history and cultural destiny through local description, which is mainly reflected in reflection on Tibetan history, interpretation of Tibetan culture and reflection on national customs.
Pioneer theme
As an avant-garde writer, Alai actively pays attention to human destiny, examines human existence and thinks about the meaning of life in his literary works, which constitutes the avant-garde theme of his works, or his works are the theme discourse of avant-garde literature. Like his novels such as The Dust Settles, Alai's short stories and novelettes show avant-garde themes such as alienation of human nature, nothingness of life value and absurdity of existence. Loy saw that in the process of human historical development, on the one hand, people tried to pursue the realization of self-worth, but for some reasons, they lost themselves in the pursuit and became slaves of foreign things. Roy also revealed that the daily life of human beings is full of trivial matters, the value of human beings becomes nihilistic, the absurdity of human existence and fate, the irrationality of the whole world, and human resistance to it.
Reflect on contemporary times
Roy's reflection and understanding of ecology is particularly profound. In his creation, he not only describes the beautiful natural state, but also depicts the true face of modernity's destruction of natural ecology, which is full of longing for the harmonious and beautiful development of man and nature. Alai's ecological writing is complex, showing different dimensions of modern ecological reflection from three levels: society, nature and individual. Alai excavates and criticizes the ideological and cultural roots that lead to the ecological crisis, reveals how human thoughts, culture, science and technology, production and lifestyle, and social development mode affect and even determine human bad attitude towards nature and fishing behavior, and how it leads to environmental deterioration and ecological crisis, showing the relationship between nature and culture.
Alai embodies the mutual love and harm between man and nature through novels. The novel takes the narrative of the relationship between man and nature as the narrative core of the text, and thus reveals the natural ecological crisis faced by mankind and the deep human cultural crisis behind it. At the same time, based on the whole ecosystem, it gives moral and aesthetic care to nature and the whole life system of human beings, and calls for the harmony between man and nature, others and themselves, so as to achieve the poetic dwelling of freedom and beauty. Alai praised the mystery and beauty of nature, turned nature from the past background to the future through literary writing, and presented it to people in an independent and self-sufficient manner, which made people rethink the relationship between man and nature.
Artistic feature
Narrative perspective
In Alai's creation, the fool's perspective is more prominent. For example, in The Dust Settles, a child's fool "I" appeared and often said philosophical words. Such a discordant narrative voice eventually leads to the "unreal" identity of the characters. In addition, paying attention to the superposition of angles is also a common perspective of Alai, and the diversification and shift of narrative perspectives are important narrative features of Alai's novels. For example, in The Dust Settles, Alai turns the protagonist "I" into the undertaker of multiple narrative perspectives, aiming to make a special character act as the protagonist and narrator at the same time. In novels, Alai often uses the two perspectives of "experiential self" and "narrative self" alternately, and often speaks to readers to form a dialogue and exchange with them, thus realizing the transformation of novel perspectives.
Narrative structure
In the novel, Alai adopts two narrative structures. One is the double-line narrative structure. For example, in The Dust Settles, one clue is the rise and fall of the toaster, and the other clue is my mental journey. The two double lines are explicit and implicit: the history of the toast's demise is the explicit line, and the spiritual course of "I" is the implicit line. The two lines penetrate and echo each other, which constitutes the tension of the novel text, and also causes the poetic and philosophical connotation of the text. The other is "petal-shaped" structure. For example, The Empty Mountain is about a small village with twenty or thirty families. Every novella or short story is written by one person, focusing on people, and finally describes the group image of the village. Each of these people is the protagonist in this novel and becomes a secondary role in the next novel, interspersed with each other and integrated into one.
In short stories, Alai adopts three narrative structures. One is the double-line structure with subject and auxiliary words. For example, in Blood of the Old Year, the main line is about my father's ups and downs, and the other line is my growing experience. The novel is not narrated according to the time line, but constantly changes time and space through flashback, interpolation and supplementary narration, resulting in the fusion and ambiguity of history and reality; The second is a single-line structure described in chronological order. The legendary stories written by Alai make good use of this structure, which is simple and clear and suitable for telling folk stories. The third category is meta-narrative structure, in which there is a double self, and there are two clues running through the text, which cooperate with each other and disassemble each other. The narrator of meta-narrative often has a strong sense of self and a desire to expose the traces of creation.
Symbolic art
Alai's novels use a lot of symbolism, especially image symbolism and whole symbolism, in order to achieve universal significance and allegorical effect. For example, the whole work of Dust Settled is a symbol, and the central image "dust" covering the whole work symbolizes an inevitable historical trend, the decline of the toast system, the disappearance of love and hate, and the disappearance of a traditional culture. Novels often attach importance to realism, get rid of realism, transcend the superficial meaning of a particular time and space, and are metaphorical, expressive, symbolic, allegorical, poetic and intelligent.
Magic Realism
In Alai's novels, a large number of magical realism techniques are borrowed, which makes the novels shrouded in mystery. In The Dust Settles, the narrator and protagonist "I" is a fool in the eyes of ordinary people, but "I" can foresee the future. For example, in the poppy war, Mamba trumpeted against the magician of the Wang Bo toast. "I" foresaw that Maggie's third wife, Yang Zong, had an accident and the child died at birth; When "I" and my father were at the watchtower, I told him that a great event was about to happen. Later, the female toast was robbed by the Rashba toast on her way back. "I" foresaw the beginning of the battle when the Maggie Tusi ambushed and attacked the Rashba Tusi; "I" can foresee the historical trend of the demise of the toast system and so on. Magic realism has become the narrative means and motivation of Alai's novels. At the same time, the narrative is freely transformed between reality and non-reality, which makes the novel text have a spatial distance and enhances the aesthetic tension of the work.
Character image
Stupid image
Alai is a writer who is good at writing "fools". The meaning of "fool" has more room for extension, and the complexity of the image of "fool" is becoming more and more obvious. A series of "fool" images created by Alai have some untold characteristics. Generally speaking, the "fools" in Alai's works all have a * * * personality, which is different from the low IQ figures in other literary works. The "fools" written by Alai are not really stupid, but tend to be "stupid" and "clumsy". From the internal differences, the images of "fools" in Alai's works can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the young fool in The Dust Settles, Agutunba and Darcel in the empty mountain. Their "stupidity" is a thorough understanding of the world and a prophet who knows the future. With a little mystery, they cover the edge of wisdom with vagueness, and "stupidity" and "wisdom" are teetering. The other is closer to human nature, without great wisdom and complicated psychology. The reason why they are "stupid" is that they have grasped some valuable qualities of humanity beyond ordinary people, such as Dago and Sobo in the empty mountain, Jinmei in King Gelsall, Armas in the mushroom circle, etc. Although one of these two kinds of "fools" pursues spiritual detachment and the other is committed to spiritual tenacity, they are both expressing Alai's intentions. He hopes that human beings can transcend in the sense of real existence. Only such "stupidity" can withstand the hustle and bustle and impetuousness. Their stupidity is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it reflects the hypocrisy and complexity of the world; on the other hand, it unveils the mask of disguise.
Hero image
In Alai's creation, the protagonist is the protagonist of a large part of the story. For people in Xizang, heroes are the power to unite people and the promoter of national development; For people in Xizang, the hero is the hope, the light in the dark society, the leader and the savior of suffering. Heroes' stories can be widely circulated because people are calling and expecting such characters in their confused subconscious. The hero is the story of Alai and an indispensable role in the film. However, Loy chose to return to distant times in the form of "restatement". He "emphasizes" history, but "describes" reality. What Loy really wants to call is heroism and the power to save people's hearts.
Kalipiga
In Alai's works, female images are shaped into "female bodies" with "desire" and "symbols", and the text becomes a carnival of male chauvinism, which is an open, rational and authoritative display and expression of male chauvinism. For example, several women portrayed in King Gelsall, although still dominated by male power, show different degrees of awakening of women's independent consciousness in different characters. Alai showed respect for women and sympathy for the tragic fate of women in that era in his novels. Therefore, Loy did not use heavy tragic decoration on women.
Winning record
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Personality assessment
Alai's novels, novellas, short stories and essays all show excellent control and feelings, and also bring great enlightenment to many contemporary writers, especially young people. (Comment by writer Qiu Huadong)
Many people think that the works of pure literature will not be circulated for a long time, but Alai just broke this absolute. (Commented by critic Pan Kaixiong)
Roy let people see the efforts of a China writer to establish flesh-and-blood ties with China and create an epic through the complicated information and the torrent of various viewpoints. (Writer Tie Ning comments)
Loy can say that with his pen, he has turned a relatively remote geographical location into a place that attracts attention in literature. (Comment by writer Mo Yan)
In the eyes of every reader, all the writing by writer Alai so far has constructed a world named "Alai's World" in a unique way. (Comment by Ji, Vice Chairman of Chinese Writers Association)
Alai has been looking at his hometown and life from the perspective of great civilization and portraying fresh people. He has rational philosophical thinking, personal unique understanding and profound thinking on life and the history of civilization. (Comment by Chen Xiaoming, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University)